Conceptual design studies of the 5 m terahertz antenna for Dome A,Antarctica

As the highest, coldest and driest place in Antarctica, Dome A provides exceptionally good observing conditions for ground-based observations over terahertz wavebands. The 5 m Dome A Terahertz Explorer （DATES） has been proposed to explore new terahertz windows, primarily over wavelengths between 350 and 200 pm. DATE5 will be an open-air, fully-steerable telescope that can function by unmanned operation with remote control. The telescope will be able to endure the harsh polar environment, including high altitude, very low temperature and very low air pressure. The unique specifications, including high accuracies for surface shape and pointing and fully automatic year-around remote operation, along with a stringent limit on the periods of on-site assembly, testing and maintenance, bring a number of challenges to the design, construction, assembly and operation of this telescope. This paper intro- duces general concepts related to the design of the DATE5 antenna. Beginning from an overview of the environmental and operational limitations, the design specifications and requirements of the DATE5 antenna are listed. From these, major aspects on the conceptual design studies, including the antenna optics, the backup structure, the pan- els, the subreflector, the mounting and the antenna base structure, are explained. Some critical issues of performance are justified through analyses that use computational fluid dynamics, thermal analysis and de-icing studies, and the proposed approaches for test operation and on-site assembly. Based on these studies, we conclude that the specifications of the DATE5 antenna can generally be met by using enhanced technological approaches.     

Effects of grazing and climate change on species diversity in sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, China

To understand the effects of animal grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland vegetation in northern China, a field grazing and protected enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 through 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that (1) the grazing was primary responsible for changes of the vegetation richness and diversity in the grazing grassland and that changing climate was the main reason for changes in the species richness and diversity in the grassland protected from grazing; (2) light and moderate grazing can promote restoration of the richness and the diversity in the degraded grassland, and heavy grazing could result in a decrease of the richness and diversity; (3) heavy grazing can result in significant decrease of the perennial diversity, and moderate and light grazing promotes increase of the perennial diversity; the grazing, whether heavy or moderate and light grazing, was beneficial to increase of the annual diversity; (4) heavy grazing was not beneficial to diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceae, and moderate and light grazing was favorable the diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae; (5) the warm-humid climate was favorable to increase of the richness and the diversity, and the warm-drought climate could result in decease of the richness and the diversity; (6) increased precipitation was favorable to perennial diversity and the diversity of Graminean, Leguminosae, and Compositae, and decreased precipitation had few effects on the annual diversity and Chenopodiaceae diversity.     

Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages of the Taiping (calc-alkaline)-Huangshan (alkaline) composite intrusion: Constraints on Mesozoic lithospheric thinning of the southeastern Yangtze Craton,China

The Taiping-Huangshan composite intrusion is a unique complex with characteristics changing from calc-alkaline (Taiping intrusion) to alkaline (Huangshan intrusion). Huangshan intrusion samples show a spectacular tetrad effect in their REE distribution patterns as well as non-CHARAC (charge-and-radius-controlled) trace element behavior, indicating a highly evolved late-stage magma component. This composite intrusion provides a rare opportunity to investigate the variance of tectonic setting and lithospheric thinning of the southeastern Yangtze Craton in late Mesozoic era. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb analyses yield an emplacement age of 140.6±1.2 Ma for the Taiping intrusion, and ages of 127.7±1.3, 125.7±1.4, 125.1±1.5, and 125.2±5.5 Ma for four samples from the Huangshan intrusion respectively. The ages for four different phases of the Huangshan intrusion agree within their small analytical errors, indicating that the emplacement was in a short time. The Taiping and Huangshan intrusions are intimately associated, but there is about 15 Ma interval between their intrusion, and the magma characters change from calc-alkaline to alkaline without transition. This probably corresponds to lithospheric thinning of the southeastern Yangtze Craton. This event possibly happened from about 141 Ma (the emplacement age of the Taiping intrusion), to 128 Ma (start of emplacement of the Huangshan intrusion). The thinning mechanism is dominantly delamination.     

基于模糊物元模型的中国旅游生态安全评价及障碍因子诊断研究

基于DPSIR模型构建旅游生态安全评价指标体系,利用模糊物元模型对中国31个省(市、区)(不含港澳台)旅游生态安全进行动态评价,并运用空间自相关分析空间格局演化特征.同时借助障碍度模型,对旅游生态安全的障碍因子进行诊断.结果表明:①旅游生态安全呈现出波动增长的"W"型演化趋势.2013-2016年中国旅游生态安全在空间...     

1961-2019年河南省寒潮时空分布及其对农业的影响

利用1961-2019年河南省111个国家级气象站 日最低气温资料和1978-2019年气象灾情资料,分析了河南省寒潮时空分布及其对农业的影响.结果表明:(1)河南省寒潮频次的空间分布表现为豫北和中东部地区的多,豫西和豫南的少.寒潮平均最大降温幅度的空间分布表现为从西北向东南增加,豫北、中西部和豫西南大部的小,豫东和豫...     

黄土高原表土磁化率与气候要素的定量关系研究

黄土高原地区已建立多个表土低频磁化率-气候转换函数,为黄土古气候定量重建提供了关键方法.但是表土磁化率变化的气候控制因素的系统研究尚未开展;同时,低频磁化率部分受到沉积作用的影响,需要寻找气候意义更明确的指标.我们系统采集了黄土高原及周边地区的表土样品,运用相关、回归和因子分析等方法,研究了不同气候要素及其季节变化对表土磁化率和频率磁化率的控制作用.结果显示,湿度是控制黄土高原表土磁化率的主要因素,温度的影响相对较小;降水的季节分配也有影响,月降水变率较小的地区磁化率较高.在此基础上,选择反映成壤磁性颗粒组分的频率磁化率,建立了频率磁化率-年均降水量的转换函数,为黄土古气候定量估算提供了新的途径.     

川东南地区志留系龙马溪组页岩气有利区评价优选

通过对川东南地区志留系龙马溪组页岩有机质丰度、热成熟度、有机质类型、脆性矿物含量、页岩层厚度、埋藏深度、构造形态等七大地质因素的综合分析,认定该区分布广泛的页岩有机质含量较高,有机质类型较好,热演化程度高,生烃潜力大,具备形成页岩气藏的气源条件。页岩厚度较大,埋深较浅,脆性矿物含量较大,页岩气的保存条件良好,有利于页岩气的压裂与开采。     

信阳市燃气混气站断裂活动性和场地稳定性系统研究

运用多学科、多手段相结合的方法，从区域构造稳定性、构造岩研究、构造裂隙统计分析、红外相位法位移监测，高密度电阻率法、钻探验证、年代学研究、新构造运动分析、遥感图像解译、地震安全性评价、数值模拟、工程地质条件分析等方面入手，对信阳市燃气混气站的断裂活动性和场地稳定性进行了全面而系统的论证；指出场区断裂规模小，第四纪无大规模差异升降运动，无活动断裂通过，邻区地震活动小且弱，区域构造稳定性高，应力平缓，工程地质条件良好，是一个稳定的“岛区”，井指出系统而全面的综合研究方法是研究工程稳定性项目行之有效的手段。     

北祁连西段寒山剪切带的变形作用及其与金矿化的关系

寒山金矿床赋存的剪切带有两期变形活动。早期韧脆性变形作用是以位错滑移、双晶作用和重结晶作用等变形机制为主,形成各种类型的片糜岩。在变形过程中,大量流体进行水／ 岩反应。晚期变形作用以碎裂和破裂机制为主,形成各种脆性裂隙和角砾岩带。在早期开放的变形环境下,有利于成矿热液的活动和富集,是寒山金矿的主成矿期;晚期的脆性变形使金矿进一步富集