南极地区近地面太阳气压潮汐初探

Chapman 等大气潮汐专家认为,地球表面的太阳潮汐全口波被抑制,而半口波被放大,这个结论一直延续数十年。然而,根据南极地区三个站的资料计算表明:在南极地区,地面太阳气压潮汐的全日波远强于半日波,这与高登义等(1986)应用我国205个台站资料计算结果是一致的。 上述结果表明,南极地区近地面太阳气压潮汐全日波并未被抑制,而半日波也未被放大。这与Chapman等人的结论是不一致的。     

Effects of humic acid and Tween-80 on behavior of decabromodiphenyl ether in soil columns

The effects of organic matter, humic acid and Tween-80 on decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) behavior in soil columns were investigated. The BDE-209 transport was simulated in 4-cm-length soil columns whether organic matter was added or not. A high concentration of BDE-209 was washed out of the soil column in the presence of 500 mg L^?1 of Tween-80 for forming and suspending contaminated soil colloids in more than 4-cm-length ones (especially in 10-cm-length ones). While the humic acid was to facilitate BDE-209 adsorption onto soil particles (like soil colloids), Tween-80 was to enhance BDE-209 movement in porous media. The significant concentration averaged from 0.2 to 0.1 μg L^?1 in soil columns of length from 10 to 24 cm with Tween-80 addition by comparing the estimated marginal means (p < 0.05, SPSS). Contrasted with humic acid-binding BDE-209 in soil particles, Tween-80 could carry contaminant soil colloids into deeper layers and even affect the final effluents of 25-cm-length columns. It was visibly presented that the BDE-209 concentration in the effluents was mainly induced by Tween-80. Thus, BDE-209 was carried by soil colloids to transport and pollute longer and wider soil distance with the help of the effective promoters and stabilizers of Tween-80 and humic acid in soil matrix.     

Effects of the external carbon sources on the microbes in the simultaneous biological removal of SO2 and NO x process

Effects of sodium acetate and glucose on the microbes from the simultaneous flue gas desulfurization and denitrogenation tandem biotrickling process were respectively investigated. For the acidophiles, although the impacts of the carbon sources on the total microbial growth and nitrogen conversion in the medium were slight, the sulfite oxidation rate was obviously improved. The highest sulfite ion oxidation ratio in 48 h was up to 47.2 % as 258.08 mmol L^?1 sodium acetate was added in the medium. For the neutrophiles, the two carbons promoted the total microbial growth, but only sodium acetate could enhance the nitrite consumption significantly. The best nitrite consumption rate in 48 h could reach to 86.7 % with 258.08 mmol L^?1 sodium acetate. It provides valuable information for the development of biological SO₂ and NO _x simultaneous purification process.     

Weighted fuzzy kernel-clustering algorithm with adaptive differential evolution and its application on flood classification

Flood classification is the fundamental problem of flood risk analysis and plays an important role in flood disaster risk management. Considering the fact that flood classification is a problem of multi-attribute and multi-stage fuzzy synthetically evaluation, this paper mainly proposed the weighted fuzzy kernel-clustering algorithm (WFKCA) with adaptive differential evolution algorithm (ADE) to solve this problem. Firstly, WFKCA is detailed introduced, and then the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is applied for the fuzzy clustering, thus to obtain the better results. Taking into consideration the disadvantage of DE, ADE is present after the introduction of DE. Finally, the combination of WFKCA and ADE is applied for flood classification, and the results demonstrated the methodology is reasonable and reliable, thus provide a new effective approach for flood classification.     

Time series data correction for the Chang'E-1 gamma-ray spectrometer

The main goal of the gamma-ray spectrometer(GRS) onboard Chang'E1(CE-1) is to acquire global maps of elemental abundances and their distributions on the moon,since such maps will significantly improve our understanding of lunar formation and evolution.To derive the elemental maps and enable research on lunar formation and evolution,raw data that are received directly from the spacecraft must be converted into time series corrected gamma-ray spectra.The data correction procedures for the CE-1 GRS time series...     

空间科学虚拟观测台体系结构研究

科学观测数据的海量增长,使得旨在实现资源互操作的虚拟观测台(VO)应运而生,并迅速受到相关学科的支持和重视。国际虚拟天文台联盟(IVOA)、行星科学数据系统(PDS)和空间物理归档检索抽取标准(SPASE)等数据组织,正加快制定数据管理模型,推动VO的发展和跨学科应用。结合空间科学应用研究的特点,在借鉴国内外天文和空间科学VO研究成果的基础上,提出了一种针对空间科学数据的Hybrid型VO体系结构,并基于此体系结构发展了一个支持同步收割、格式化管道和事件关联发现的空间科学VO原型。实践和应用结果表明,基于这种体系结构建立的VO在解决全局资源的实时同步、异构应用的高度集成和面向科学问题的数据发现等问题上,有一定的普适性。     

Climatic responses to anthropogenic groundwater exploitation: a case study of the Haihe River Basin,Northern China

In this study, a groundwater exploitation scheme is incorporated into the regional climate model, RegCM4, and the climatic responses to anthropogenic alteration of groundwater are then investigated over the Haihe River Basin in Northern China where groundwater resources are overexploited. The scheme models anthropogenic groundwater exploitation and water consumption, which are further divided into agricultural irrigation, industrial use and domestic use. Four 30-year on-line exploitation simulations and one control test without exploitation are conducted using the developed model with different water demands estimated from relevant socioeconomic data. The results reveal that the groundwater exploitation and water consumption cause increasing wetting and cooling effects on the local land surface and in the lower troposphere, along with a rapidly declining groundwater table in the basin. The cooling and wetting effects also extended outside the basin, especially in the regions downwind of the prevailing westerly wind, where increased precipitation occurs. The changes in the four exploitation simulations positively relate to their different water demands and are highly non-linear. The largest changes in climatic variables usually appear in spring and summer, the time of crop growth. To gain further insights into the direct changes in land-surface variables due to groundwater exploitation regardless of the atmospheric feedbacks, three off-line simulations using the land surface model Community Land Model version 3.5 are also conducted to distinguish these direct changes on the land surface of the basin. The results indicate that the direct changes of land-surface variables respond linearly to water demand if the climatic feedbacks are not considered, while non-linear climatic feedbacks enhance the differences in the on-line exploitation simulations.     

福建区域性暴雨过程综合强度定量化评估方法

该文以福建省为例,探讨了区域性暴雨过程的识别方法和综合强度评估模型。采用福建省66个国家级气象观测站1961—2010年逐日降水量资料,首先在给定区域性暴雨过程识别方法的基础上,筛选出941次区域性暴雨过程;其次选取区域最大日降水量、区域最大过程降水量、区域暴雨范围和区域暴雨持续时间4项暴雨过程指标,采用百分位数方法分别确定4项指标的等级划分标准;采用相关系数法确定各指标权重,构建福建区域性暴雨过程的综合强度评估模型,并给出福建区域性暴雨过程的综合强度等级划分标准。业务服务和历史事件验证表明:采用该方法的评估结果较为合理,且与历史重大暴雨事件具有良好的一致性。     

Design of conceptual model in digital map database

The components of map information are analyzed theoretically in this paper, and the map information includes mainly the spatial information, at tributive information and temporal characteristics information. Then the digital map entity is defined according to construction characteristics of the map information. Finally, on the basis of the analyses of the construction characteristics of digital map entity and present conceptual model of digital map database, an abstracted conceptual model of digital map database is presented. And the Normal Form theory of relational database is discussed particularly.     

2013年4月20日四川芦山MW6.7 (MS7.0)地震参数的测定

2013年4月20日四川芦山M_W6.7(M_S7.0)地震发生后, 中国地震台网中心(CENC)发布了地震速报参数. 该文利用中国国家地震台网97个台站的资料对地震速报参数进行了修订, 得出: 四川芦山M_W6.7地震的发震时刻为北京时间8时2分47.5秒(世界时间0时2分47.5秒), 震中位置为30.30°N、 102.99°E, 震源深度17 km. 该地震的面波震级为M_S7.0, 短周期体波震级为m_b6.0, 中长周期体波震级为m_B7.0; 利用波形反演的方法计算了震源机制解, 得到的最佳双力偶解的参数分别为节面Ⅰ: 走向17°/倾角48°/滑动角80°; 节面Ⅱ: 走向212°/倾角43°/滑动角101°, 矩震级为M_W6.7. 中国地震台网中心发布本次地震为面波震级M_S7.0, 而美国地质调查局(USGS)国家地震信息中心(NEIC)发布为矩震级M_W6.6. 为了消除这种差别, 建议我国也应将矩震级作为对外发布的首选震级, 使震级的发布与国际接轨.