A Study of the Rhenium-Osmium Geochronometry of Molybdenites1

Abstract This study deals with the first application of the isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the rhenium-osmium geochronometry in China. The chemical separation procedure included decomposition of samples by means of alkali fusion, extraction of rhenium by acetone and extraction of osmium by distillation. The recovery of both elements in the entire process was more than 90% . The blanks of analyses were 0.07 ng for rhenium and 0.01 ng for ¹⁸⁷Os. The mineralization ages of molybdenites from four molybdenum deposits in China were determined by using this method, with a precision (2σ) of about ±3% . These results agree satisfactorily with their geological backgrounds. The Re-Os method can directly determine ages of metal deposits and reflect the true ages more reliably than other dating methods that only determine the ages of country rocks from which mineralization ages are inferred. As many hydrothermal sulphide deposits usually contain molybdenites, this method has bright prospects of wide application.     

State of China's climate in 2021

This report is a summary of China's climate, as well as major weather and climate events, during 2021. In 2021, the mean temperature in China was 10.5°C, which was 1.0°C above normal (1981–2010 average) and broke the highest record since 1951. The annual rainfall in China was 672.1 mm, which was 6.7% above normal. Also, the annual rainfall in northern China was 40.2% above normal, which ranked second highest since 1961. The rainstorm intensity in the rainy season was strong and featured significant extremes, and disasters caused by rainstorms and flooding were more serious than the average in the past decade. In particular, the extremely strong rainstorm in Henan during July and autumn caused flooding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River with severe consequences. Heatwaves occurred more frequently than normal, and their durations in southern China were longer than normal in summer and autumn. Phased drought was obvious, and caused serious impacts in South China. The number of generated and landfalling typhoons was lower than normal; however, Typhoon In-fa broke the record for the longest overland duration, held since 1949, and affected a wide area. Severe convective weather and extreme windy weather occurred frequently, causing serious impacts. The number of cold waves was more than normal, which caused wide-ranging extremely low temperatures in many places. Sandstorms appeared earlier than normal in 2021, and the number of strong dust storm processes was more than normal.摘要2021年, 中国气候暖湿特征明显, 全国平均气温10.5℃, 较常年偏高1.0℃, 创下了1951年以来最高纪录; 全国平均降水量672.1毫米, 比常年偏多6.7%, 其中北方地区平均降水量较常年偏多40.2%, 为1961年以来第二多. 汛期暴雨过程强度大, 极端性显著, 河南特大暴雨灾害影响重, 黄河中下游流域秋汛明显; 高温过程多, 夏秋南方高温持续时间长; 区域性, 阶段性气象干旱明显, 华南干旱影响较重; 台风生成和登陆均偏少, “烟花”陆地滞留时间长, 影响范围广; 强对流天气强发, 极端大风频发, 局地致灾重; 寒潮过程多, 强度大, 极端低温频现; 沙尘天气出现早, 强沙尘暴过程多.     

非地转湿Q矢量在台风暴雨预报中的应用试验

利用NCEP/NCAR全球格点资料和TRMM卫星资料,采用改进后的非地转湿Q矢量,对0908号台风＂莫拉克＂引起的台湾南部特大暴雨过程进行预报应用试验。试验结果表明：（1）850 hPa高度层的非地转湿Q矢量散度及水汽通量散度分布可以预报未来24 h暴雨的落区及其雨带的分布,暴雨发生在Q矢量散度梯度大值区靠近辐合区域,同时该区域要有水汽辐合中心,雨带分布与该梯度大值区分布基本一致。（2）Q矢量辐合区的倾斜式发展很好地描述了暴雨中心强对流系统垂直结构,强对流系统发展旺盛期出现在暴雨发生前的18 h,具有一定预报意义。（3）台风暴雨发生在次级环流的上升支附近,最强次级环流上升支出现在暴雨发生时期;次级环流中的上升气流从低层到高层的倾斜方向较好地描述了雨带的移动,次级环流的调整比雨带移动提前了24 h,具有较好的预报应用价值。     

南亚热带特大型水库浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系:以新丰江水库为例

为了解亚热带大型深水贫营养水库的浮游植物群落特征及生态现状,2019年9月至2020年8月对新丰江水库的浮游植物群落结构和水体理化指标进行了周年调查.结果 表明,新丰江水库水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅰ类标准,综合营养状态指数(TLI(∑))在15～28之间,整体上处于贫营养状态.共检出浮...     

大口鲇幼鱼摄食、生长及驯化的初步研究

根据1991年1～12月的调查,陆水水库的浮游植物共8门118属,以绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻门的种类为主,占总属数的86.44％;浮游动物198种,其中原生动物38种、轮虫68种、枝角类61种、桡足类31种。浮游植物年平均数量和生物量分别为3.1449×10~6cell/L和1.937mg/L,数量以蓝藻、隐藻、硅藻最多,占总数量的91.33％,生物量以隐藻、硅藻、绿藻最大,占总生物量的85.03％,浮游植物初级毛产量为3.4gO_2/m~2·d。浮游动物年平均数量和生物量分别为2323.8ind/L和1.4837mg/L,数量以原生动物和轮虫最多,占96.89％,生物量以枝角类和桡足类为主,占79.94％.陆水水库浮游生物种类组成和现存量在不同的水域差异较大,季节变化明显。按水化学分析结果及浮游生物特征判定,陆水水库的营养类型为中营养型。还讨论了环境因子对水库浮游生物的影响。     

景德镇市三类降雪天气概念模型研究

计算并分析了景德镇市出现雨夹雪、一般降雪、大雪（分别简称为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类降雪）形势场、本站要素、层结资料,概括了3类降雪的天气学概念模型。分析结果表明：（1）3类降雪天气过程中,高空500 hPa有强盛的西南偏西气流,且随着降雪强度的增大,西南风速逐渐增大。地面则有较强冷空气堆积,位于贝加尔湖西部的冷高压中心气压在1 050 hPa以上,景德镇处于冷高压底部。925 hPa 30°N附近冷空气势力强,气温低。Ⅰ类降雪的主要影响系统是在江西省北部上空交汇的冷、暖平流,Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类则是850 hPa的切变线,出现Ⅲ类降雪时切变线位于景德镇附近,而出现Ⅱ类降雪时切变线则稍偏南,位于赣中。（2）地面气温变化是降水相态改变的关键,气温越低,越易出现降雪。从大雪至雪后雨,气温逐渐上升。（3）中低层的气温,Ⅱ类降雪较Ⅰ类低;近地面层气温,Ⅲ类降雪与Ⅱ类降雪接近;700 hPa和850 hPa层气温,Ⅲ类降雪比Ⅱ类降雪偏高。（4）Ⅰ类降雪常伴有逆温,但在向Ⅱ类降雪的转换过程中,逆温逐渐减弱,到Ⅲ类降雪时,逆温消失。（5）3类降雪均存在明显的风垂直切变,低层风弱,高层风强,且随着降雪强度的增大,表现愈加明显。     

Quantifying the carbon source of pedogenic calcite veins in weathered limestone: implications for the terrestrial carbon cycle

The continent is the second largest carbon sink on Earth’s surface.With the diversification of vascular land plants in the late Paleozoic,terrestrial organic carbon burial is represented by massive coal formation,while the development of soil profiles would account for both organic and inorganic carbon burial.As compared with soil organic carbon,inorganic carbon burial,collectively known as the soil carbonate,would have a greater impact on the long-term carbon cycle.Soil carbonate would have multiple carbon sources,including dissolution of host calcareous rocks,dissolved inorganic carbon from freshwater,and oxidation of organic matter,but the host calcareous rock dissolution would not cause atmospheric CO2drawdown.Thus,to evaluate the potential effect of soil carbonate formation on the atmospheric p CO2level,different carbon sources of soil carbonate should be quantitatively differentiated.In this study,we analyzed the carbon and magnesium isotopes of pedogenic calcite veins developed in a heavily weathered outcrop,consisting of limestone of the early Paleogene Guanzhuang Group in North China.Based on the C and Mg isotope data,we developed a numerical model to quantify the carbon source of calcite veins.The modeling results indicate that4–37 wt%of carbon in these calcite veins was derived from atmospheric CO2.The low contribution from atmospheric CO2might be attributed to the host limestone that might have diluted the atmospheric CO2sink.Nevertheless,taking this value into consideration,it is estimated that soil carbonate formation would lower 1 ppm atmospheric CO2within 2000 years,i.e.,soil carbonate alone would sequester all atmospheric CO2within 1 million years.Finally,our study suggests the C–Mg isotope system might be a better tool in quantifying the carbon source of soil carbonate.     

中国山地环境气象研究进展

中国山地环境气象学是研究中国山地与大气、自然环境之间相互作用的一门交叉学科.近数十年来,中国山地环境气象研究进展迅速.1960年以来,大气物理研究所多次参加中国科学院组织的山地综合科学考察,多学科的相互交叉促进了中国山地环境气象的研究,特别是在珠穆朗玛峰、天山托木尔峰和横断山脉山地环境气象、雅鲁藏布大峡谷环境气象研究等方面进展较快.为监测全球环境气象变化,中国气象局在青藏高原上设立了环境气象监测站.此外,在利用臭氧卫星资料研究青藏高原与臭氧分布、准两年振荡(QBO)信号、ENSO信号的关系方面也颇有进展.     

大庆岭金矿床石英的矿物学特征及其成因找矿意义

通过大庆岭金矿床中石英的成分、结构、热发光、爆裂测温分析,石英红外光谱特征的研究,认为石英中 Cu、Pb、Zn杂质含量高,晶胞参数大,热发光积分强度大,爆裂累计脉冲数高和红外吸收峰波数低时,标志着为富金的石英特征.     

长薄鳅耗氧率与窒息点的研究

太湖位于太湖流域中央,对汛情起着控制作用,通过分析近４０年来太湖流域梅雨期,太湖水位,环太湖进出水量的时空分布,得出梅雨决定太湖主汛期,东太湖泄洪能力降低,围湖减少蓄水,淤滩影响泄洪,太浦河．望虞河通而不畅的现实是太湖汛期水们居高不下的重要原因,提出预降太湖水位,加快工程建设,加强工程管理是太湖安全渡汛的主要措施。