浅述三峡库区地质灾害监测的技术设计方法

本文叙述了三峡库区地质灾害治理效果监测和灾害预警监测所采用的主要方法。包括技术设计之前的准备工作,滑坡地面形变、地下形变监测技术方案设计要点,变形数据处理的要求和监测周期的确定。     

Characteristics of DDF at Baishui Glacier No.1 Region in Yulong Snow Mountain

Based on observed mass balance and meteorological data since September 2008 and ablation data by the expedition team of Tibetan plateau from June to August 1982 at Baishui(白水) Glacier No.1 region,we analyzed the spatial and temporal changes of degree-day factor(DDF) of the Baishui Glacier No.1 following the changes of space,time,and temperature,which lays a theoretical foundation to establish DDF model.The results indicate that the melting DDF of ice showed a significant down-ward trend with rising temperat...     

我国横断山区1960-2008年气温和降水时空变化特征

运用样条函数法、线性回归、最小二乘法和趋势分析等方法,对横断山区27个气象站1960-2008年日平均气温和降水资料分析表明,近50年来横断山区气温呈现统计意义上的变暖趋势,其中60和80年代气温相对较低,其他年代则较高,2000-2008时段年均温比多年均值高0.46^oC。横断山区年均气温、春季气温、夏季气温、秋季气温和冬季气温的倾向率分别为0.15^oC10a^-1、0.589^oC10a^-1、0.153^oC10a^-1、0.167^oC10a^-1和0.347^oC10a^-1,升温幅度表现出随纬度增高而加大的趋势,整个横断山区以沙鲁里山和大雪山南缘区域及梅里雪山地区为中心,春季升温幅度最大,冬季次之。横断山区年降水在60和70年代偏低,80年代以后相对偏高,特别是90年代比多年均值高29.84mm,进入2000年后相较90年代明显下降。横断山区年降水、春季降水、夏季降水、秋季降水和冬季降水倾向率分别为9.09mm10a^-1、8.62mm10a^-1、-1.5mm10a^-1、1.53mm10a^-1和1.47mm10a^-1,只有春季倾向率通过了显著水平检验;除夏季降水外,其他季节降水均表现出由西南向东北和由南向北递减的趋势,这是纵向岭谷对流经该区的东亚季风和南亚季风同时起着东西向阻隔作用和南北向通道作用的体现。横断山区季风期气温和降水的倾向率分别为0.117^oC10a^-1和6.01mm10a^-1,最为明显的是2000年后季风期降水明显降低;横断山区非季风期气温和降水的倾向率分别为0.25^oC10a^-1和7.47mm10a^-1,均高于季风期。     

渤海湾盆地中、新生代岩石圈热结构研究

本文以浅部沉积盆地热历史恢复结果为基础,结合地热学的有关理论计算得到渤海湾盆地中生代以来不同地质时期壳幔热流配分及莫霍面温度。结果显示,渤海湾盆地在早白垩世晚期和古近纪中晚期达到两次地幔热流与地表热流之比高峰,其两期地幔热流占地表热流比例都超过65%。莫霍面温度在早白垩世晚期、古近纪中晚期及新近纪早期(仅在临清坳陷、沧县隆起和冀中坳陷)出现3次高峰,其温度分别为900～1100℃、820～900℃和770～810℃。本文的研究不仅揭示出白垩纪是渤海湾盆地岩石圈热结构的重要转型期,即由三叠纪和侏罗纪的"冷幔热壳"型转变为白垩纪以来的"热幔冷壳"型的岩石圈热结构,还揭示出渤海湾盆地在早白垩世晚期和古近纪中晚期发生两期强烈的构造裂陷作用。因此,本文的研究可以为中国东部大陆岩石圈地球动力学的研究提供地热学参数。     

柴东欧南凹陷石炭系烃源岩有机质富集的影响因素

柴达木盆地东部地区欧南凹陷是石炭系油气运聚成藏的有利构造单元,具有一定勘探潜力,但对有机质富集机理认识不清导致对优质烃源岩分布的预测缺乏有效指导,制约了油气勘探进程.基于地球化学分析、XRD、SEM等分析测试,对石炭系烃源岩矿物组分、 有机质丰度、 干酪根类型、 热演化程度、 形成环境、TOC与主要矿物关系等进行了综合...     

Changes of Monsoonal Temperate Glaciers in China during the Past Several Decades under the Background of Global Warming

Based on various data,it can be concluded that eight monsoonal temperate glaciers in China were in stationary or ad-vancing between 1900s~1930s and 1960s~1980s,and were in retreating during 1930s~1960s and 1980s~present under the background of climate warming.The total glacier area has reduced by 3.11 km2 with a mean front altitude rise of 3.2 m/yr and 4 glaciers have disappeared in Mt.Yulong during 1957~1999.Mass balance records indicated that glaciers had suf-fered a constant mass loss of snow and ice during the last several decades,and the accumulated mass balance in Hailuogou basin in Mt.Gongga was 10.83 m water equivalent in the past 45 years with a annual mean value of-0.24 m,and the value at Baishui glacier No.1 was-11.38 m water equivalent in the past 52 years with-0.22 m/yr.The inverse variation between mass balance and temperature in China and the Northern Hemisphere reflected that climate warming is mainly corresponding to constant ice and snow mass loss in the past 50 years.The change of the glaciers’ surface mor-phology has occurred since the 1980s,such as enlargement of glacier-lake and ice falls,resulted from the accelrative cli-mate warming.