柴达木盆地东北缘晚新生代构造隆升——来自碎屑锆石U- Pb年代学证据

随着印度与欧亚板块在新生代的持续碰撞,柴达木盆地东北缘发生了强烈的地壳缩短变形,形成了一系列北西西走向山脉。由于缺乏系统的沉积学研究,盆地东北缘一系列山脉隆升过程存在不同认识。笔者等选取柴达木盆地东北缘怀头他拉剖面,对中新统下油砂山组、上油砂山组及中新统—上新统狮子沟组采集碎屑锆石样品,开展碎屑锆石U- Pb年代学测试。结合已有的研究成果,分析了柴达木盆地东北缘山脉隆升过程。研究结果显示,研究区碎屑锆石Th/U值介于0. 03~3. 3之间,以岩浆锆石为主。碎屑锆石年龄具有200~300 Ma、400~500 Ma、750~950 Ma、1. 6~2. 0 Ga以及2. 2~2. 5 Ga共5个年龄段。结合MDS（Multidimensional scaling)图分析表明：上油砂山组沉积中期（14. 8~12. 5 Ma）,研究区发生一次物源转换,指示研究区南边的埃姆尼克山发生隆升,成为研究区物源地。狮子沟组沉积早期（8. 6~7. 0 Ma）,研究区物源再次发生变化,表明南祁连山发生快速隆升,为研究区提供物源。据此,笔者等提出青藏高原北东向生长导致柴达木盆地东北缘构造隆升依次向北东传递。     

柴达木盆地东北缘晚新生代构造隆升——来自碎屑锆石U- Pb年代学证据

随着印度与欧亚板块在新生代的持续碰撞,柴达木盆地东北缘发生了强烈的地壳缩短变形,形成了一系列北西西走向山脉。由于缺乏系统的沉积学研究,盆地东北缘一系列山脉隆升过程存在不同认识。笔者等选取柴达木盆地东北缘怀头他拉剖面,对中新统下油砂山组、上油砂山组及中新统—上新统狮子沟组采集碎屑锆石样品,开展碎屑锆石U- Pb年代学测试。结合已有的研究成果,分析了柴达木盆地东北缘山脉隆升过程。研究结果显示,研究区碎屑锆石Th/U值介于0. 03~3. 3之间,以岩浆锆石为主。碎屑锆石年龄具有200~300 Ma、400~500 Ma、750~950 Ma、1. 6~2. 0 Ga以及2. 2~2. 5 Ga共5个年龄段。结合MDS（Multidimensional scaling)图分析表明：上油砂山组沉积中期（14. 8~12. 5 Ma）,研究区发生一次物源转换,指示研究区南边的埃姆尼克山发生隆升,成为研究区物源地。狮子沟组沉积早期（8. 6~7. 0 Ma）,研究区物源再次发生变化,表明南祁连山发生快速隆升,为研究区提供物源。据此,笔者等提出青藏高原北东向生长导致柴达木盆地东北缘构造隆升依次向北东传递。     

柴达木盆地东部扎布萨尕秀组的时代归属讨论

柴达木盆地石炭系是中国北方新区新层系油气勘探调查研究的热点,盆地东部地区石炭系出露较全,但多数学者认为柴东地区不存在二叠系。针对扎布萨尕秀组归属于石炭纪还是二叠纪的争议,采集扎布萨尕秀组的砂岩碎屑锆石开展了U-Pb LA-ICP-MS同位素测年,获得40个和谐年龄分布在2488±34 Ma至288±3 Ma之间,最年轻的一组碎屑锆石的加权平均年龄288.0±2.0 Ma（MSWD=0.112,n=21）。这意味着该扎布萨尕秀组中的砂岩沉积于288 Ma之后,晚于国际石炭—二叠纪界限（299 Ma）。依据野外调查和已有研究成果,扎布萨尕秀组中赋存丰富的虫筳科化石,其中膨胀型虫筳属Pseudoschwagerina或Sphaeroschwagerina的出现是进入二叠纪的重要标志。结合碎屑锆石年代学和虫筳属化石特征,扎布萨尕秀组应归属早二叠世,说明柴达木东部地区存在二叠纪沉积记录。该认识为深化柴达木盆地晚古生代—中生代沉积建造和构造演化提供了重要的地层学证据。      

海相低勘探程度地区油气资源评价:以柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系为例

海相低勘探程度地区油气资源评价的难点是资料少、地质认识程度低、主要参数获取难度大,影响评价结果可信性.以柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系为例,系统评价德令哈坳陷石炭系生储盖条件,油气资源评价选用盆地模拟法与类比法相结合方法,关键参数的确定采用了地球物理、地球化学与石油地质学等多种方法,利用油气运移聚集模拟和不同运聚单元资源量...     

水温梯度精细测量在井孔内部参数反演中的应用

对云南保山市地震局新井、四川川03井、山西静乐井等3口井的温度梯度进行精细测量,反演研究井孔中主涌水段位置、含水层分布、水温水位同震响应异步原因,甚至可分析井孔内不同岩性、井口套管对温度的影响机制。
     

Changes of the Hailuogou Glacier, Mt. Gongga,China, against the Background of Global Warming in the Last Several Decades

Great change, associated with global warming, has occurred at the Hailuogou (海螺沟)has retreated 1 822 m in the past 106 years, with an annual mean retreat of 17.2 m, and the front elevation has risen by 300 m since 1823. Comparison of glacier variations and temperature fluctuations in China and the Northern Hemisphere, over the last 100 years, indicates that glacier retreat stages occurred during the warm phase, and vice versa. Mass balance records during 1959/60--2003/04 have shown that the glacier has suffered a constant mass loss of snow and ice. The accumulated mass balance, -10.83 m water equivalent, indicates an annual mean value of -0.24 m water equivalent. The correlation between the mass balance and temperature is significant, which also indicates that climate warming is the crucial cause of glacier loss.Local hydrological and climatic data demonstrate that runoff from the glacier has been increasing both seasonally and annually.The correlation analysis and trend analysis indicate that ice and snow melted water is the main cause of an increase in the runoff. As the climate has become warmer, changes in the glacier surface morphology have obviously occurred. These include a decrease in glacier thickness, enlargement of glacial caves, and reduction of the size of clefts on the glacier surface. The ablation period has lengthened and the ablation area has expanded. A variety of factors thus provide evidence that the Hailuogou glacier has suffered a rapid loss of snow and ice as a result of climatic warming.     

祁连山古浪河流域径流组分特征

为了探究气候变暖、冰冻圈急剧萎缩背景下祁连山内陆河的水文状况,依据古浪河流域所采集的各类水体样品和相关观测数据,分析了各水体稳定同位素特征及其所指示的环境意义,并进行了径流分割。结果表明：（1）与降水相比,河水稳定同位素年际变化较小,从季节变化角度来看,河水δ¹⁸O值夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季,反映了不同季节蒸发强度的差异。（2）泉水稳定同位素特征与河水相似,年际变化较为稳定,表明山区河水与泉水之间可能存在转换过程。（3）由于土壤水分交换、地表土壤蒸发、植被蒸腾以及土壤水和地下水之间的同位素差异,引起土壤水同位素组成的梯度差异比较明显,土壤水δ¹⁸O由地表向下经历了富集―贫化―富集的过程,d-excess变化则与之相反。（4）径流分割结果显示大气降水对古浪河流域出山径流的补给率高达76%±2.4%,冻土层上水补给为24%±2.4%。     

滇西实验场水汞同步性异常与中强地震的关系

研究了1992年以来滇西地震预报实验场（24°40’～27°20’N,99°～101°30’E）水汞同步性异常与中强地震的关系。研究结果表明：滇西地震预报实验场水汞同步性异常出现后,滇西实验场区发生M≥5．0地震或滇西实验场邻区（24°～28°N,97°～103°E）发生肘≥6．5强震的概率为75％,平均应震间隔时间为2．7个月,对应效果较好;而且滇西实验场区肘≥5．0地震发生前和滇西实验场邻区M≥6．5强震发生前,滇西实验场水汞同步性异常有很好的反映,概率为83％。     

Evolution of the Carboniferous Reef in Eastern Qaidam Basin and its Hydrocarbon Significance

<正>Objective Reef reservoirs have recently been receiving more and more attention due to their important role in petroleum exploration.Large-scale reefs have been previously discovered in the Paleozoic strata of western China,suchas the Late Permian of the Sichuan Basin,Late Ordovician of the Ordos Basin,and Late Ordovician of the Tarim Basin,which are all important hydrocarbon reservoirs in     

Meso—Cenozoic lithospheric thermal structure in the Bohai Bay Basin,eastern North China Craton

The Bohai Bay Basin is a region where part of the North China Craton has been thinned and destroyed. It has experienced two periods of crustal thinning that occurred during the Cretaceous and Paleogene, but investigations of its Mesozoic and Cenozoic lithospheric thermal structure are limited. Therefore, in this study,the distributions of mantle heat flow, crustal heat flow, and Moho temperatures during the Meso-Cenozoic are calculated based on analyses of the thermal history of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results indicate that the ratio of mantle heat flow to surface heat flow peaked during the late stages of the early Cretaceous and during the middle to late Paleogene. The corresponding mantle heat flow was more than 65% of the surface heat flow. Moho temperatures reached three peaks: 900-1100℃ in the late stages of the early Cretaceous;820-900℃ in the middle to late Paleogene; and(in the Linqing Depression, Cangxian Uplift, and Jizhong Depression) 770-810℃ during the early Neogene. These results reveal that the Bohai Bay Basin experienced significant geological change during the Cretaceous, including the transformation of lithospheric thermal structure from "cold mantle and hot crust" before the Cretaceous to "hot mantle and cold crust" after the Cretaceous. The results also indicate that the basin experienced two large-scale rifting events.Therefore, this work may provide the thermal parameters for further investigations of the geodynamic evolution of eastern China.