A study of soil dispersivity in Qian'an, western Jilin Province of China

Saline soil is vulnerable to water erosion because of its dispersivity. This characteristic has a great influence on dam and slope engineering. There is a large area of saline soil in western Jilin Province, the seasonal frost zone, and this soil is highly dispersive. We studied the properties of soil samples collected from vertical holes near Qian'an Dabusu Lake, assessing the particle size distribution and the chemical components. We also comprehensively identified the level of soil dispersivity by three standard methods, the pinhole test, the crumb test, and the double-hydrometer test. The soil composition and basic physicochemical properties are proved to be the most important factors which determine the dispersion degree of the saline soil. Our results showed that, within depth ranges from 0 to 1 m, silt particles highly influenced the soil dispersivity, and the total soluble salt accounted for ≥0.3%. At the first sampling point, in a tall soil column, the dispersion degree decreased with increasing depth, but this was not as obvious at the second sampling point, which was in a flat area. Nevertheless, the superficial soils of these two sampling sites were strongly dispersive, which must be taken into consideration for soil engineering in this region.     

一种可用于估计全球水汽标高的经验模型

水汽标高是一个反映水汽垂直分布特征的参数,也是全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)对流层天顶湿延迟改正和GNSS水汽层析中的一个辅助参数。本文对2006—2012年水汽标高的时间序列进行频谱分析,发现水汽标高在时间上呈现出年周期和半年周期变化,因此利用包含年周期和半年周期的三角函数来表达水汽的时变规律,然后利用欧洲中尺度天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting,ECMWF)的数据在全球1°×1°的格网点上分别拟合了三角函数的系数。通过上述方法首次构建了一个全球适用的水汽标高模型GSH,该模型既体现了水汽标高的时变特性又考虑了其地理差异。以无线电探空数据为参考,GSH具有-0.19km的偏差(bias)和1.81km的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE);以ECMWF数据为参考,GSH具有0.04km的bias和1.52km的RMSE。GSH整体上表现出了比较稳定的精度,可服务于GNSS气象学研究,也可为其他相关气象研究提供水汽标高参考。     

基于LBS的智能信息推送技术研究

随着时代的发展,LBS技术在人们日常生活中的作用越来越大,同时与信息推送技术的结合已成为一个必然的热点,本文在围绕LBS服务和智能信息推送的基础上,提出了一个基于位置的智能信息服务模式,它通过引入位置过滤模块、用户兴趣模型匹配、智能信息的分类模块,达到层层过滤的目的,同时结合反馈处理部分的修正功能来实时改进推送模型的精度,从而提高信息服务的质量和效率。     

玉溪空气负氧离子预测模型的建立

利用玉溪市九县区14台空气负氧离子自动测报系统实时观测数据和同步气象要素观测资料,使用相关分析、回归分析等方法,分析了影响空气中负氧离子浓度的主要气象因子,以及影响因子与空气负氧离子浓度的关系,并建立预测模型。结果表明,玉溪市空气负氧离子浓度年变化、季节变化与各气象因子之间无显著的相关关系。影响玉溪空气负氧离子浓度日变化的主要气象因子为空气相对湿度和空气温度。当空气温度20.4℃时,空气负氧离子浓度日变化与空气温度呈负相关关系。当空气湿度45.6%时,空气负氧离子浓度与空气湿度呈正相关关系。通过建立负氧离子浓度预测模型,实现了负氧离子预报的定量化。经检验,预报方程效果显著,在预报业务中具有参考价值。     

基于GRAPES的气象-水文模式在淮河流域的一次试验

Global-regional assimilation and prediction system(GRAPES)模式为中国气象局于2000年开始组织研究开发的数值预报系统,GRAPES_Meso模式是其区域中尺度数值预报系统版。GRAPES_Meso中的陆面模式选取的是Noah-Land Surface Model(NOAH-LSM)模式。NOAH-LSM陆面模式选取Simple Water Balance(SWB)对陆面水文过程进行描述。SWB是一个简单水量平衡模型,不能完整地描述陆面水文过程,特别是对径流的模拟存在不足。随着GRAPES_Meso模式不断的发展,对预报能力的要求逐渐提高,对其陆面模式中产流过程的描述也需要进一步的研究。本文中所应用的改进陆面水文过程的NOAH-LSM陆面模式,借鉴了水文模型的思想,利用蓄水容量曲线描述单元网格内产流面积的变化,并在模式中增加Muskingum汇流模块,完整陆面模式水文循环。将原GRAPES模式和改进陆面水文过程的GRAPES模式分别与新安江模型进行单向耦合,选取模式TS评分相差不大的试验流域——淮河流域上游控制站王家坝站,进行流量模拟对比。从试验结果可以看出,改进后的模式在洪量相对误差、洪峰相对误差、确定性系数上均优于原模式,并为未来利用水文模型对降水落区检验进行了探索性研究。     

Chemistry of pyrites from Babaoshan iron and copper polymetallic ore deposit in Western Henan ProvinceEI北大核心CSCD

The Babaoshan iron and copper polymetallic deposit, which is located in Lushi county Henan province, is unique for its iron-predominated ore mineralization among all the Mesozoic porphyry metallogenic systems in the southern margin of the North China Craton. Pyrite is ubiquitous in the southern and western parts of the deposit. Their EMPA analyses indicated the contents of S and Fe are more than 90% in total, the contents of Cu and As of the pyrites vary considerably even within the same grain. The abrupt change suggests mixing of ore-forming fluid and upward magmatic vapors from the same magmatic-hydrothermal system is the major force to induce pyrite deposition. That As exist in two valence states, As3+ and As1-, revealed that the Babaoshan pyrite-forming fluid was oxidative originally and changed to be reductive subsequently. The oxygen fugacity fluctuation is a positive factor to the formation of the Babaoshan porphyry copper deposit. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

澜沧江下游补远江大型底栖动物群落结构的时空分布及其影响因素

自然流淌的支流在维持建坝河流水生生物多样性中起着重要作用。补远江是澜沧江下游的重要一级支流,保持了较为天然的河流状态,人类活动干扰相对较少,是流域土著鱼类保护区和水生生物重要栖息地。在澜沧江流域水电开发的背景下,掌握补远江大型底栖动物群落结构的时空分布及其影响因素,对澜沧江乃至西南河流的水生生物多样性保护和恢复具有重要参考意义。于2019年4月(旱季)和2019年10月(雨季)对补远江的大型底栖动物进行了详细调查,共检出大型底栖动物150个分类单元,隶属于5门7纲68科,其中水生昆虫121种,软体动物20种,蛭类3种,寡毛类2种,甲壳类2种,涡虫、线虫各1种。毛翅目和蜉蝣目为全流域优势类群。补远江底栖动物密度和生物量在旱季和雨季均表现为上游大于中下游,物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在雨季显著高于旱季。功能摄食类群中,滤食者(41.09%)和收集者(31.81%)占绝对优势,其次为刮食者(11.00%)、捕食者(11.21%),撕食者(4.89%)较少。Mantel检验分析表明,河宽(RW)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)、化学需氧量(COD_Mn)是影响补远江大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子;不同功能摄食类群所受到的环境影响因素不同。生物指数(BI)和生物监测工作组记分(BMWP)系统评价显示,补远江大部分样点处于良好及以上水平,少数样点处于中等及以下水平,总体水生态状况良好。     

Isolation and characterization of bioactive fungi from shark <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carcharodon carcharias</Emphasis>’ gill with biopharmaceutical prospects

Until recently, little was known about the fungi found in shark gills and their biomedicinal potential. In this article, we described the isolation, bioactivity, diversity, and secondary metabolites of bioactive fungi from the gill of a shark (Carcharodon carcharias). A total of 115 isolates were obtained and grown in 12 culture media. Fifty-eight of these isolates demonstrated significant activity in four antimicrobial, pesticidal, and cytotoxic bioassay models. Four randomly selected bioactive isolates inhibited human cancer cell proliferation during re-screening. These active isolates were segregated into 6 genera using the internal transcribed spacer-large subunit (ITS-LSU) rDNA-sequence BLAST comparison. Four genera, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Chaetomium were the dominant taxa. A phylogenic tree illustrated their intergenera and intragenera genetic diversity. HPLC-DAD-HRMS analysis and subsequent database searching revealed that nine representative strains produced diverse bioactive compound profiles. These results detail the broad range of bioactive fungi found in a shark’s gills, revealing their biopharmaceutical potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study characterizing shark gill fungi and their bioactivity.     

Handling dip discrimination phenomenon in common‐reflection‐surface stack via combination of output‐imaging‐scheme and migration/demigration

In the application of a conventional common‐reflection‐surface (CRS) stack, it is well‐known that only one optimum stacking operator is determined for each zero‐offset sample to be simulated. As a result, the conflicting dip situations are not taken into account and only the most prominent event contributes to any a particular stack sample. In this paper, we name this phenomenon caused by conflicting dip problems as ‘dip discrimination phenomenon’. This phenomenon is not welcome because it not only leads to the loss of weak reflections and tips of diffractions in the final zero‐offset‐CRS stacked section but also to a deteriorated quality in subsequent migration. The common‐reflection‐surface stack with the output imaging scheme (CRS‐OIS) is a novel technique to implement a CRS stack based on a unified Kirchhoff imaging approach. As far as dealing with conflicting dip problems is concerned, the CRS‐OIS is a better option than a conventional CRS stack. However, we think the CRS‐OIS can do more in this aspect. In this paper, we propose a workflow to handle the dip discrimination phenomenon based on a cascaded implementation of prestack time migration, CRS‐OIS and prestack time demigration. Firstly, a common offset prestack time migration is implemented. Then, a CRS‐OIS is applied to the time‐migrated common offset gather. Afterwards, a prestack time demigration is performed to reconstruct each unmigrated common offset gather with its reflections being greatly enhanced and diffractions being well preserved. Compared with existing techniques dealing with conflicting dip problems, the technique presented in this paper preserves most of the diffractions and accounts for reflections from all possible dips properly. More importantly, both the post‐stacked data set and prestacked data set can be of much better quality after the implementation of the presented scheme. It serves as a promising alternative to other techniques except that it cannot provide the typical CRS wavefield attributes. The numerical tests on a synthetic Marmousi data set and a real 2D marine data set demonstrated its effectiveness and robustness.     

白茨生物学特性

白茨: 属蒺藜科, 白茨属, 是我国古老的乡土沙生植物种。在内蒙古自治区有四种: 1.小果白茨 2.白茨 3.大白茨 4.球果白茨 白茨在亚州中部旱生区系中, 它是古老的第三纪残遗种。是沙漠、半沙漠区域建群植物种之一。是优良的并具有较高经济价值的固沙植物。经研究: 白茨具有较强的耐旱性, 耐热性, 耐瘠薄, 耐沙漠、抗风蚀的特性。在脆弱的生态环境中, 积极保护天然野生的自然资源, 大量培育和发展白茨对固定流沙, 资源开发与利用将起到重要作用。