A Preliminary Study of the Validation of Land Surface Models with Large Aperture Scintillometer Data

The application of large aperture scintillometer observations to the validation of land surface models has important significances in better understanding and describing the influences of land surface processes on climate change. With observational data from stations, field survey data, and remote sensing data, the land surface processes of Miyun and Arou, two typical flux observation stations in northern China, were simulated by SiB2 model at the spatial scale of 1km². The simulation was validated by the sensible heat fluxes obtained by Large Aperture Scintillometer (LAS) and Eddy Covariance measurement (EC). The results showed that: ①SiB2 has given a good simulation of the sensible heat flux as well as its diurnal variation and seasonal variation; ②The validation of large scale simulation by LAS can avoid the disadvantage of EC, such as energy disclosure and spatial scale differences with model simulation, and could give better results.     

基于重力差方法检测重力仪一次项格值系数变化

根据重复重力测量中重力差与重力仪一次项格值系数的关系,研究了基于重力差变化检测重力仪一次项格值系数变化的方法,并以滇西重力网1989-1996年观测资料为例,计算了 G793、G854两台仪器一次项格值系数的变化结果.实验结果表明,利用该方法计算得到的一次项格值系数变化值精度能满足地震重力测量规范要求,对于重力仪一次项...     

江苏省研发企业空间格局演化及其影响因素分析

以江苏省县区为研究单元,综合运用标准差椭圆、Ripley’s K函数和探索性空间数据分析方法,探究2005、2011和2017年江苏省研发企业的空间分异特征,并采用负二项回归模型考察江苏省研发企业空间分异的影响因素,研究结论如下：研发企业空间分布呈现出稳定的西北-东南分布格局,且具有显著的空间集聚性,聚集规模和强度先增强后减弱;研发企业冷热点呈块状分布,存在明显的“俱乐部趋同”现象;研发企业和开发区、高等学校空间匹配程度较高;经济发展水平、劳动力成本、开发区建设、邻近高等院校以及集聚经济等因素对江苏省研发企业空间布局影响显著。     

降雨导致的海面粗糙度对Aquarius卫星盐度反演的影响研究

Rainfall has two significant effects on the sea surface, including salinity decreasing and surface becoming rougher,which have further influence on L-band sea surface emissivity. Investigations using the Aquarius and TRMM 3B42 matchup dataset indicate that the retrieved sea surface salinity(SSS) is underestimated by the present Aquarius algorithm compared to numerical model outputs, especially in cases of a high rain rate. For example, the bias between satellite-observed SSS and numerical model SSS is approximately 2 when the rain rate is 25 mm/h. The bias can be eliminated by accounting for rain-induced roughness, which is usually modeled by rain-generated ring-wave spectrum. The rain spectrum will be input into the Small Slope Approximation(SSA) model for the simulation of sea surface emissivity influenced by rain. The comparison with theoretical model indicated that the empirical model of rain spectrumis more suitable to be used in the simulation. Further, the coefficients of the rain spectrum are modified by fitting the simulations with the observations of the 2–year Aquarius and TRMM matchup dataset. The calculations confirm that the sea surface emissivity increases with the wind speed and rain rate. The increase induced by the rain rate is rapid in the case of low rain rate and low wind speed. Finally, a modified model of sea surface emissivity including the rain spectrum is proposed and validated by using the matchup dataset in May 2014. Compared with observations, the bias of the rain-induced sea surface emissivity simulated by the modified modelis approximately 1e–4, and the RMSE is slightly larger than 1e–3. With using more matchup data, thebias between model retrieved sea surface salinities and observationsmay be further corrected,and the RMSE may be reduced to less than 1 in the cases of low rain rate and low wind speed.     

Study on the New Methods of Ship Object Detection Based on GNSS Reflection

This paper presents a study on the new methods of ship object detection based on GPS-R correlation power spectra. Both the principle and the algorithms for recognition are given in detail. The architecture of Doppler Delay Mapping Receiver (DDMR), signal-processing chain, and correlation power spectra discriminant of the reflected signals from the ship object are discussed. Real-time data collection campaigns were done near the sea at Sanya with the Doppler delay mapping receiver mounted on an airplane. Some preliminary experiment results show that the DDMR could work well and can be used in ship object detecting.     

Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a marine food web from Liaodong Bay,North China

The concentrations of 21 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners were analyzed in organisms within a marine food web collected from the Liaodong Bay, North China. The total concentrations of PBDEs in all samples ranged from 0.87 to 91.4 ng g⁻¹ lipid weight (lw). BDE-47 was the predominant congener and had a concentration ranging from 0.30 to 36.1 ng g⁻¹ lw. The trophic magnification factors (TMF) of the PBDEs were calculated using the trophic levels obtained from the stable nitrogen isotope ratios. The TMF value of ∑PBDEs was 3.50 for the entire food web and 2.21 for the food web excluding seabirds. Four concentration ratios, BDE-99/BDE-100, BDE-99/BDE-47, BDE-153/BDE-154 and BDE-183/BDE-154, decreased linearly with the increase of the trophic levels in the invertebrates and the fishes (p < 0.01). The results suggested that the PBDEs were steadily metabolized in the trophic transfer process along the food chain.     

2017年4月大气环流和天气分析

2017年4月大气环流的主要特征是极涡呈偶极型分布,强度偏弱,中高纬环流呈4波型分布,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏强,南支槽强度与常年相当。4月全国平均气温为12.0℃,较常年同期偏高1.0℃;全国平均降水量为44.0 mm,较常年同期偏少2%。月内出现1次全国大范围较强冷空气过程;南方多降水天气,共出现3次区域性暴雨天气;北方出现2次扬沙天气;多省(区、市)局地遭遇风雹灾害。     

海洋环境监测实验室沉积物中铜、铅、锌、镉能力考核结果评价

文章基于2015年11月国家海洋局海洋环境监测实验室外控样考核活动得到的328个考核结果数据,根据《能力验证结果的统计处理和能力评价指南》(CNAS-GL02)中稳健统计Z比分数法进行各参与实验室测试能力评价。评价结果表明,浓度含量较低的样品对实验室的分析能力要求更高,75%以上参与考核的实验室具备准确测定海洋环境沉积物中铜、铅、锌、镉等4种重金属的能力;对测试结果不合格的实验室进行不合格原因查找及分析,针对各种不合格情况提出应对办法和建议,主要包括改善实验室环境状况、相关单位组织基层技术人员开展分析技术培训和交流、进行标准方法修订和完善等。