GIS and ANN-based spatial prediction of DOC in river networks: a case study in Dongjiang, Southern China

This paper investigates the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a river network and evaluates the impacts of watershed characteristics on stream DOC. Samples and relevant environmental variables were obtained from field sampling at 28 hydrological response units (HRUs) and a MODIS/SRTM DEM satellite image. HRUs can provide reliable spatial interpolation for filling data gaps and incorporate potential spatial correlation among observations in each ANN neuron. The process and results of neural network modeling were assessed by deterministic and statistical methods and spatial regression kriging. The spatial prediction results show that ANN, using improved back propagation algorithms of 7-15-1 architecture, was the optimal network, by which predictions maintained most of the original spatial variation and eliminated smoothing effects of RK. The sum of the relative contributions of four sensitive variables, including soil organic carbon density, geographic longitude, surface runoff and Chl a in river water, was >75 %. A minor prediction error of ~6 % was found in HRUs of open shrublands, but HRUs of urban and croplands had an error of 24–30 %. This pattern exemplifies anthropogenic impacts in urban areas on stream DOC and agricultural activities in croplands. The usefulness of ANN modeling-based GIS in this study is demonstrated by depiction of spatial variation of stream DOC and indicates the benefits of understanding sensitive factors for watershed impact assessments.     

岱衢洋鱼类索饵场仔稚鱼的生态位及其分化研究

为掌握重要鱼类索饵场仔稚鱼的生态分布,促进海洋渔业的发展,文章基于2011—2012年岱衢洋海域4个航次的定量采样,运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠和典范对应分析等方法,分析该海域仔稚鱼群落与海水环境因子的关系。研究结果表明：岱衢洋海域仔稚鱼的生态位宽度可分为广生态位、中生态位和窄生态位,其中广生态位种对资源环境的适应能力强且分布范围较广,而窄生态位种对资源环境的适应能力较弱且分布不均匀;生态位宽度与相对重要性指数呈极显著的正相关关系;仔稚鱼群落生态位重叠指数大于0.6的种对占总种对数的24.24%,生态位重叠程度较低;仔稚鱼分布存在明显的生态分化现象,仔稚鱼的生态位特征和生态习性受温度、盐度、悬浮物和叶绿素a等环境因子的影响较大。     

Cyclic Characteristics of the Physical Properties of Key Strata in CBM Systems Controlled by Sequence Stratigraphy—An Example from the Gujiao Block

Multiple coal seams and interbedded rock assemblages formed in vertical progression due to the influence of multiple stages of sea level transgressions.Based on mercury injection experiment,low temperature liquid nitrogen experiment,porosity and permeability experiment and breakthrough pressure experiment,the vertical variation characteristics of coal-bearing strata in Gujiao block are explained in detail.The results of the mercury injection and low temperature liquid nitrogen experiments show that the pore structure characteristics fluctuate with increasing depth in the strata,with fewer micropores followed by transition pores.The BET specific surface area and average pore diameter of the Shanxi Formation are generally larger than those of the Taiyuan Formation.Due to the continuous cyclic sequence stratigraphy changes,the porosity,permeability,breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time of the samples show a certain cyclicity.Within the same sequence,the porosity is larger,and the permeability is smaller near the maximum flooding surface.Although the permeability of the sandstone samples is higher,the porosity is lower,and the breakthrough pressure and breakthrough times are greater.The strata in the study area formed in an oxidized environment that was affected by freshwater,and the pore structure of different lithologies is quite different.After the formation of sandstone,the intergranular pores generally underwent filling with secondary quartz,clay minerals and organic matter,resulting in low porosity and permeability.     

Rectifying the Neoproterozoic Stratigraphic Framework of Eastern Jiangnan Orogen, Southeast China

Studies on the metamorphic and related magmatic rocks within the Jiangnan Orogen, southern China, are important to understand the formation and evolution of this Neoproterozoic orogen because they can provide evidence for revealing the tectonic evolution of the South China Block. Following on from earlier attempts at stratigraphic correlation and creating a framework for the low-grade metamorphosed basement, new first-hand information on the composition and deformation of the East Jiangnan Orogen basement indicates that the sedimentary rocks in the north are composed of the sequential Shangxi Group (Gp) and the overlying Likou Gp, with a clear regional unconformity in between. The Likou Gp includes the Zhentou Formation (Fm.) and the Dengjia Fm., with the previously named Puling Fm. only basalt interbeds within the Dengjia Fm. The Xucun granodiorite pluton of ~830 Ma intrudes the Shangxi Gp, thereby resulting in a 100 m-wide hornfels zone within the wall rocks, indicating that the formation of the group occurred earlier than that of the pluton. By contrast, the southern metamorphic rocks of the Xikou Gp and the overlying Jingtan Fm. are flaky, disordered, and strongly deformed. The Jingtan Fm. is roughly equivalent to the Heshangzhen Gp and includes the Zhoujiacun conglomerates in the lower part and a rhyolite in the upper part with interbedded basalt. This assessment of Neoproterozoic stratigraphic sequences and magmatic rocks in the east of the Jiangnan Orogen differs from and rectifies previous studies, emphasizing that explanation of analytical results, particularly geochronology, should be consistent with facts gathered in the field.     

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Atmospheric frontal gravity waves observed in satellite SAR images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea

In the satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea, the authors observe sea surface imprints of wave-like patterns with an average wavelength of 3.8 km. Comparing SAR observations with sea surface wind fields and surface weather maps, the authors find that the occurrence of the wave-like phenomena is associated with the passing of atmospheric front. The authors define the waves as atmospheric frontal gravity waves. The dynamical parameters of the wave packets are derived from statistics of 9 satellite SAR images obtained from 2002 to 2008. A two-dimensional linear physical wave model is used to analyze the generation mechanism of the waves. The atmospheric frontal wave induced wind variation across the frontal wave packet is compared with wind retrievals from the SAR images. The CMOD-5 (C-band scatterometer ocean geophysical model function) is used for SAR wind retrievals VV (transmitted vertical and received vertical) for ENVISAT and HH (transmitted horizontally and received horizontally) for RADARSAT-1. A reasonable agreement between the analytical solution and the SAR observation is reached. This new SAR frontal wave observation adds to the school of SAR observations of sea surface imprints of AGWs including island lee waves, coastal lee waves, and upstream Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW).     

中国中部重点农区新型城镇化与粮食安全耦合协调发展研究——以河南省为例

运用耦合协调模型、地理探测器等分析方法测度了中国中部重点农区——河南省2006—2018年各市域新型城镇化与粮食安全的时空耦合协调水平及具体类型特征,并定量探测了两系统协调发展的影响要素。研究表明：① 2006—2018年河南省新型城镇化与粮食安全耦合协调度从0.339稳步上升到0.784,基本实现了“濒临失调→中度协调”的跨越,空间上呈“北部高南部低、中部高东西低”的特征。② 河南省各市域新型城镇化与粮食安全耦合特征分异明显,长期为粮食安全滞后型市域占比29%,长期为新型城镇化发展滞后型市域占比53%。③ 影响新型城镇化与粮食安全耦合协调度的核心要素转向土地与劳动力资源,外部经济变化对其协调发展所带来的敏感性逐步降低,科技进步始终是新型城镇化与粮食安全协调发展的促进力。研究旨为中部农区在新型城镇化发展过程中,扛稳国家粮食安全政治责任、担当保障国家粮食安全供给的使命提供参考。     

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云南省石漠化调查及治理综述

经过全面调查,查明了云南石漠化分布、成因及资源环境条件。通过统一规划,多方协作,采取生物、工程、经济、社会建设等多方面的措施开展石漠化综合治理,取得了一定成效,遥感监测石漠化面积减少6.2 万hm2。其中,国土资源部门进行的地下水开发、土地及矿山地质环境整治、地质旅游资源开发等综合治理工作,消除或削弱了造成石漠化的自然或人为因素,标本兼治的效果突出。石漠化治理工作中的问题,主要有石漠化治理仍限于治点,区域面貌改观不大;考虑岩溶流域的系统性不够,选择治理方法未考虑对流域下游的影响;重植被恢复,对于区域经济和生态功能整体修复的考虑不足;调查变化情况监测手段落后,治理效果及动态不清;地下水资源的科学开发利用和依法管控尚待加强;部门之间协调整合不够,影响综合治理成效等。因此云南的石漠化治理任重道远,尚需做好第二期综合治理规划,采取有效措施,加大规划的执行力度。