Review and Prospect of Global Operational Ocean Forecasting

The marine environmental forecast plays an increasingly important role in economic growth and infrastructure development, and touches upon many fields and aspects, including marine security, energy resources development and protection, ocean shipping and fisheries. Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) OceanView supports the national research groups providing them with coordination and technical support among the partners. Forecasting centers develop and establish global operational ocean forecast systems. The global operational ocean forecasting system uses the ocean dynamic numerical model as the dynamic framework, and the near real-time high-quality observation input field is integrated into the model by data assimilation to realize the future environmental forecasts of the marine conditions covering the multi-time scale. The products are routinely validated with observations in order to assess their quality. This paper briefly introduced and reviewed the development process and current situation of the global ocean forecasting system covered by GODAE OceanView, and outlined the future development of global ocean forecasting.     

负离子热表面电离质谱法测量铼的化学分离方法研究

Re-Os同位素定年中,丙酮萃取法分离Re比传统的阴离子交换法流程简单快速.用本实验室原有丙酮萃取流程纯化的Re溶液可用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定,但由于盐量较高(＞1 mg/mL)不能直接用于负离子热表面电离质谱(N-TIMS)测定.本文对Re-Os同位素定年方法中原有丙酮萃取分离Re的流程进行改进,将丙酮萃取和碱洗时的氢氧化钠浓度由5 mol/L提高到10 mol/L,有效降低了萃取后的Re溶液中的盐量,由此分离纯化的Re溶液经硝酸和过氧化氢处理,可直接点带用于N-TIMS测定.与阴离子交换分离Re方法相比,改进的丙酮萃取方法操作简单,缩减实验时间,同时有效降低全流程空白至3 ～7 pg,并且1 ng的Re测量信号可达到100 mV以上.经国家一级标准物质(GBW 04436)和实验室铜镍硫化物监控样品(JCBY)验证,利用改进的方法纯化,Re的测定值分别为(17.17±0.50)μg/g和(38.34±0.44) ng/g,与推荐值(17.39±0.32) μg/g和(38.61 ±0.86) ng/g在不确定度范围内完全吻合.目前改进的丙酮萃取方法已经应用于实际样品分析,并取得了长期稳定的良好效果.     

南极乔治王岛六种苔藓植物的X荧光分析

在无标样条件下 ,我们利用微束 X荧光分析法对南极乔治王岛的 6种苔藓植物的叶和茎进行重元素分析。它们是 :Andreaea regularis,Bryum muehlenbeckii,Drepanocladus uncinatus,Brachythecium subpilosum,Tortula saxiola,Ditrichum austro- georgicum。研究结果发现 ,不同苔藓植物对各种不同重元素的吸收能力不同 ,即使是同一种植物 ,叶和茎中的重元素成分也有差异。在 6种苔藓中 ,Andreaea regularis体内的重元素种类最少 ,但其对 Fe有较强的吸收。由于南极环境条件优越 ,在苔藓植物体内 ,尚未发现大量有毒重金属元素的存在     

2021年日本福岛7.3级地震铁路系统震害与启示

2021年2月13日日本福岛县发生了M7.3级地震,造成了大量铁路基础设施破坏。介绍了铁路系统在此次地震中的震害和应急修复情况,总结了震害的典型特征及启示。通过与2011年东日本大地震进行比较,从土木结构和电气设施两方面对铁路系统震害特点进行了分析,从抗震韧性角度讨论了此次地震应急修复方法与策略,总结了日本铁路设施抗震的经验和对我国铁路设施抗震的启示。分析表明:支柱折断、支柱开裂倾斜、架空电线拉断和定位设施损坏为铁路电气设施常见震害;土木结构方面,随着地震强度的增大,可能伴有轨道变形、挡块开裂、梁端破坏、横系梁开裂甚至墩柱损伤的发生。从震害现象的比较中,可以看出东日本大地震以来的维修加固措施是有成效的。     

CGCS2000高精度坐标转换格网模型的建立

CGCS2000启用后,用于地形图图廓线和坐标网变换的高精度坐标转换格网模型的建立成为实用中的重要问题。本文阐述我国CGCS2000高精度坐标转换格网模型的建立方法。一是讨论坐标转换最小曲率方程,该方程同时具备整体光滑和局部光滑特性,可以更好地符合地图线状要素坐标转换时的连续光滑性;二是提出格网节点迭代计算方法以及拟合推估两步极小法构建区域性格网模型的方法,构建了格网模型数据结构;三是给出全国范围CGCS2000高精度坐标转换格网模型的最优格网间距和转换精度,按48 433个2000国家大地控制网点坐标构建了BJS54和XAS80到CGCS2000坐标转换格网模型,转换后的点位外符精度分别为0.26m和0.03m。     

柴达木盆地西部古近系储层裂缝有效性的影响因素

古近系盐湖相裂缝性泥灰岩储层是柴达木盆地西部地区的重要储层类型,储层中发育剪切裂缝、纵张裂缝、顺层滑动裂缝和成岩裂缝4种类型。裂缝普遍被方解石、石膏或钙芒硝等充填,裂缝的有效性对储层评价十分重要。有效裂缝不仅提供了储层的重要储集空间和主要渗流通道,还决定了油气的富集规律和储层的潜在生产能力。裂缝的有效性主要受裂缝形成时间、溶蚀作用、第四纪以来的构造抬升剥蚀作用、异常流体高压作用、膏盐层分布和断层的活动性等因素控制。晚期形成的裂缝有效性更好;溶蚀作用可明显地增加裂缝的有效性;第四纪以来的构造抬升剥蚀作用和异常流体高压作用可使裂缝重新裂开,使裂缝的有效性变好;离膏盐层越远,裂缝的有效性越好。裂缝的有效性与现今地应力方向关系不密切,主要受断层活动的影响,与主断层平行的裂缝有效性最好。     

Recent improvements to the physical model of the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Operational Oceano-graphy Forecasting System

In order to satisfy the increasing demand for the marine forecasting capacity, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Operational Oceanography Forecasting System (BYEOFS) has been upgraded and improved to Version 2.0. Based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), a series of comparative experiments were conducted during the improvement process, including correcting topography, changing sea surface atmospheric forcing mode, adjusting open boundary conditions, and considering atmospheric pressure correction. (1) After the topography correction, the volume transport and meridional velocity maximum of Yellow Sea Warm Current increase obviously and the unreasonable bending of its axis around 36.1°N, 123.5°E disappears. (2) After the change of sea surface forcing mode, an effective negative feedback mechanism is formed between predicted sea surface temperature (SST) by the ocean model and sea surface radiation fluxes fields. The simulation errors of SST decreased significantly, and the annual average of root-mean-square error (RMSE) decreased by about 18％. (3) The change of the eastern lateral boundary condition of baroclinic velocity from mixed Radiation-Nudging to Clamped makes the unreasonable westward current in Tsushima Strait disappear. (4) The adding of mean sea level pressure correction option which forms the mean sea level gradient from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea to the western Pacific in winter and autumn is helpful to increasing the fluctuation of SLA and outflow of the Yellow Sea when the cold high air pressure system controls the Yellow Sea area.     

雪硅钙石的矿物学特征研究

研究发现,雪硅钙石是一种硅酸钙水化物.根据电子探针分析结果计算得到的化学式为（Ca_4.424K_0.021Mg_0.003）_4.448（Si_5.731Al_0.728）_6.465O₁₆（OH）₂·4H₂O,与经典化学式Ca₅Si₆O₁₆（OH）₂·4H₂O基本一致.通过X射线粉晶衍射结果分析认为,该雪硅钙石属于1.4 nm类型雪硅钙石.雪硅钙石矿物呈放射状纤维集合体,颗粒大小为0.2 mm×0.5 mm×0.3 mm,黄褐色,正低突起,最高干涉色为Ⅰ级黄,二轴晶正光性,光轴角为53°.     

64排螺旋CT血流灌注对肺内肿块的诊断价值

目的:探讨肺部肿块的CT血流灌注的特征及临床价值.方法:对35例患者(男21例,女14例;平均年龄,64.7岁,年龄范围,24～83岁)进行CT灌注检查.使用64排螺旋CT,先平扫有问题的结构区域,然后选定肿块扫描层面,使用高压注射器,经肘静脉注入50mL·300mg·100mL-1的优维显,速率为4mL·s-1,延迟5 s后,以电影模式行多层灌注扫描,持续35～40 s.使用Perfusion 3灌注软件测量血容量及表面透过性乘积.3个独立样本(肺癌组、结核组及炎症组)两两进行统计学分析(t检验).结果:恶性肿块20例(4例鳞癌,12例腺癌,1例未分化癌,3例转移癌),炎性肿块8例,结核灶7例.肺癌、结核灶及炎性肿块的灌注均值(BV和PS)分别为:(8.43±2.44)mL·100g-1,(24.30±5.80)mL·min-1·100g-1;(1.90±0.60)mL·min-1·100g-1,(1.19±0.37)mL·min-1·100g-1;(19.73±6.65)mL·100g-1,(30.01±9.06)mL·min-1·100g-1.肺癌组与结核灶组及炎性肿块组与结核灶组之间的灌注均值均有显著差异(p<0.05);肺癌组与炎性肿块组之间的BV均值有显著差异(p=0.014,t=2.639),但二者PS均值无统计学意义(p=0.506,t=0.674).结论:利用灌注值可以区分肺癌与结核灶、炎性肿块与结核灶,虽然单独依靠灌注值很难区分肺癌与炎性肿块,但是血流灌注仍间接反映了肺部肿块的生物学行为.     

河南留山盆地上三叠统沉积粒度分析

通过留山盆地上三叠统概率累积曲线、粒度参数和C-M图解等分析,沉积物粒度特征主要反映了扇三角洲泥石流、水下分流河道和河口坝沉积。下部太山庙组显示了水流由强至弱,搬运能力逐渐减小的过程;上部太子山组显示出水流不稳,流速交替多变的特点。粒度特征也显示了紊流作用的强烈影响,而紊流作用的产生可能与快速水流以及较高的悬浮颗粒含量有关。