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101.
The effects of past climate change on the northern limits of maize planting in Northeast China 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Northeast China (NEC) is one of the major agricultural production areas in China and also an obvious region of climate warming. We were motivated to investigate the impacts of climate warming on the northern limits of maize planting. Additionally, we wanted to assess how spatial shifts in the cropping system impact the maize yields in NEC. To understand these impacts, we used the daily average air temperature data in 72 weather stations and regional experiment yield data from Jilin Province. Averaged across NEC, the annual air temperature increased by 0.38 °C per decade. The annual accumulated temperature above 10 °C (AAT10) followed a similar trend, increased 66 °C d per decade from 1961 to 2007, which caused a northward expansion of the northern limits of maize. The warming enabled early-maturing maize hybrids to be sown in the northern areas of Heilongjiang Province where it was not suitable for growing maize before the warming. In the southern areas of Heilongjiang Province and the eastern areas of Jilin Province, the early-maturing maize hybrids could be replaced by the middle-maturing hybrids with a longer growing season. The maize in the northern areas of Liaoning Province was expected to change from middle-maturing to late-maturing hybrids. Changing the hybrids led to increase the maize yield. When the early-maturing hybrids were replaced by middle-maturing hybrids in Jilin Province, the maize yields would increase by 9.8 %. Similarly, maize yields would increase by 7.1 % when the middle-maturing hybrids were replaced by late-maturing hybrids. 相似文献
102.
Xinhui Bi Bernd R.T. Simoneit Guoying Sheng Shexia Ma Jiamo Fu 《Atmospheric Research》2008,88(3-4):256-265
Total suspended particles (TSP), collected during June 2002 to July 2003 in Guangzhou, a typical economically developed city in South China, were analyzed for the organic compound compositions using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Over 140 organic compounds were detected in the aerosols and grouped into different classes including n-alkanes, hopanoids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanols, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids excluding oxalic acid, polyols/polyacids, lignin products, phytosterols, phthalates and water-soluble sugars. The total amounts of the identified organic compounds including unresolved complex mixture (UCM) ranged from 3112 ng/m3 in spring to 5116 ng/m3 in winter, comprising on seasonal average 2.8% of TSP. Primary organic compounds peaked in winter although there are no heating systems burning fuels in Guangzhou. The highest saccharide levels occurred in fall due to agricultural activities. This study demonstrated that utilization of fossil fuels, biomass burning, soil resuspension and plastic/refuse burning are the major contributors to the identified organic compounds in the urban atmosphere of South China. 相似文献
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105.
在低纬地区,风速的垂直切变也是很明显的,作者解释了这些纬向气流的垂直切变对低纬长波性质以及对不同模态的相互作用的影响,并且发现切变对低纬波动的影响具有明显的选择性. 相似文献
106.
利用风云2号水汽通道的云图进行强对流天气的临近预警,发现每小时1次的风云2号云图对强对流天气有着重要指示作用,尤其水汽图反映了大气中上层的水汽分布,水汽区的活动、干湿区边界、暗区等都与强对流的发生发展有着密切关系,并找出了可以作为临近预警的关键指标,在2003年的几次强对流天气预报中,风云2号云图发挥了很好的作用。 相似文献
107.
基于卫星遥感图象纹理特征的云类识别方法及软件设计 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了基于卫星遥感资料,运用纹理学识别云类的原理、方法及软件设计。理论与实际分析表明,不同的云类对纹理敏感,纹理特征量是识别云类的良好因子,软件设计充分考虑了模块化,可视化与交互性。 相似文献
108.
109.
台风灿鸿造成浙江东北部大暴雨地形作用的数值模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
利用中尺度非静力数值模式WRF V3.6.1对台风灿鸿(1509)进行了高分辨率数值模拟,模式较好地再现了台风灿鸿的发展演变过程和在浙江东北部产生的强降水。观测资料显示台风接近浙江期间,在东北气流下,浙东北地形的摩擦辐合及抬升作用使得大量的对流云团汇集在台风西北侧,对流系统活跃,是浙江东北部产生强降水的重要原因。控制试验也模拟出了在台风接近陆地时,内核区西北侧存在有组织的、切向分布的小尺度对流系统,由地形强迫产生的降雨量和地形走向一致,迎风坡降雨量增加。通过升降地形,改变土地类型和将杭州湾水体用陆地替换等敏感性试验发现:(1)地形的影响对台风降雨量的增幅最为明显。通过降低地形,台风西北侧小尺度雨带明显减弱,浙江东北地区降水也明显减少。可见地形会影响这些中小尺度系统的结构和演变,引起降水异常变化。(2)大暴雨期间,台风一直维持较强的对称性,具有典型的眼墙和暖心结构。 相似文献
110.
Impact of Cloud Microphysical Processes on the Simulation of Typhoon Rananim near Shore. Part II: Typhoon Intensity and Track 下载免费PDF全文
The impact of cloud microphysical processes on the simulated intensity and track of Typhoon Rananim is discussed and analyzed
in the second part of this study. The results indicate that when the cooling effect due to evaporation of rain water is excluded,
the simulated 36-h maximum surface wind speed of Typhoon Rananim is about 7 m s−1 greater than that from all other experiments; however, the typhoon landfall location has the biggest bias of about 150 km
against the control experiment. The simulated strong outer rainbands and the vertical shear of the environmental flow are
unfavorable for the deepening and maintenance of the typhoon and result in its intensity loss near the landfall. It is the
cloud microphysical processes that strengthen and create the outer spiral rainbands, which then increase the local convergence
away from the typhoon center and prevent more moisture and energy transport to the inner core of the typhoon. The developed
outer rainbands are supposed to bring dry and cold air mass from the middle troposphere to the planetary boundary layer (PBL).
The other branch of the cold airflow comes from the evaporation of rain water itself in the PBL while the droplets are falling.
Thus, the cut-off of the warm and moist air to the inner core and the invasion of cold and dry air to the eyewall region are
expected to bring about the intensity reduction of the modeled typhoon. Therefore, the deepening and maintenance of Typhoon
Rananim during its landing are better simulated through the reduction of these two kinds of model errors. 相似文献