地震计阶跃标定自动处理算法研究

标定是监测运行中的地震计主要技术参数的有效手段,保证了观测数据的产出质量。本文介绍了一种新的地震计阶跃标定算法,旨在提高算法的稳定性和自动化程度,适合计算机自动的,成批的处理标定数据。     

Effect of bis(tributyltin) oxide on reproduction and population growth rate of calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia

A full life-cycle toxicity test, combined with histology, on calanoid copepod Schmackeria poplesia was used to study the effect of bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO). The results indicate no sex-specific differences in TBTO toxicity. Long-term mortalities of the copepods exposed to concentrations higher than 20 ng TBTO L⁻¹ were significantly elevated compared with that of control, and larval development was inhibited when they were exposed to 40 and 60 ng TBTO L⁻¹. The percentages of ovigerous females were reduced compared with the control (P<0.01) after 24 days exposure to concentrations higher than 10 ng TBTO L⁻¹. Histological examinations suggest that exposure to TBTO might block the posterior end of the diverticula and inhibits the production of egg sacs. A modified Euler-Lotka equation was used to calculate a population-level endpoint, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r _m), from individual life-table endpoints, i.e. mortality rate, time of release of first brood, sex ratio, the fraction of ovigerous females among all females as well as the number of nauplii per ovigerous female. Apart from the highest TBTO concentration (60 ng L⁻¹), where all females aborted their egg sacs, 20 ng TBTO L⁻¹ was the only concentration that significantly decreased r _m compared with that of control (an effect associated with decreased sex ratio). The results show that the S. poplesia is affected by prolonged exposure to low concentrations of TBTO. The full life-cycle toxicity test combined with histology experiments provides more integral understanding of the toxicity of endocrine disrupters.     

Contribution of climatic and technological factors to crop yield: empirical evidence from late paddy rice in Hunan Province,China

Climatic and technological factors are two remarkable aspects that are thought to contribute to crop yield change. However, the most significant factors and their contribution rate remain debatable. Selecting Hunan Province, which is one of the largest paddy rice producing regions in China as the research area, the marginal contributions of climatic and technological factors to late paddy yield change are estimated using a county-level panel data regression model with explicit consideration of technological variables during 2000–2011. The results indicate that the mean daily temperature and adoption rate of hybrid rice have significant positive impacts on late paddy rice yield. During the research period, 1 °C temperature increase will cause 7.220 t/km² increase in late paddy rice yield, and 1 % increase in the adoption rate of hybrid rice will cause 0.212 t/km² increase. Climatic factors, especially their annual variability, exhibit a stronger overall linkage to changes in late paddy rice yield in the study area compared with the technological factors. Climatic factors accounted for 67.645 and 74.585 % of the trend and variability in late paddy rice yield, respectively. The results of this study can provide valuable information for stakeholders to adjust the input on late paddy rice production and better adapt to the effect of climate change.     

Statistic inversion of multi-zone transition probability models for aquifer characterization in alluvial fans

Understanding the heterogeneity arising from the complex architecture of sedimentary sequences in alluvial fans is challenging. This paper develops a statistical inverse framework in a multi-zone transition probability approach for characterizing the heterogeneity in alluvial fans. An analytical solution of the transition probability matrix is used to define the statistical relationships among different hydrofacies and their mean lengths, integral scales, and volumetric proportions. A statistical inversion is conducted to identify the multi-zone transition probability models and estimate the optimal statistical parameters using the modified Gauss–Newton–Levenberg–Marquardt method. The Jacobian matrix is computed by the sensitivity equation method, which results in an accurate inverse solution with quantification of parameter uncertainty. We use the Chaobai River alluvial fan in the Beijing Plain, China, as an example for elucidating the methodology of alluvial fan characterization. The alluvial fan is divided into three sediment zones. In each zone, the explicit mathematical formulations of the transition probability models are constructed with optimized different integral scales and volumetric proportions. The hydrofacies distributions in the three zones are simulated sequentially by the multi-zone transition probability-based indicator simulations. The result of this study provides the heterogeneous structure of the alluvial fan for further study of flow and transport simulations.     

Interaction of geometry and mechanical property of trapezoidal sedimentary basins with incident <Emphasis Type="Italic">SH</Emphasis> waves

This paper investigated the effects of basin geometry and material property on the response of 2D trapezoidal sediment-filled basin to incident plane SH waves. Ten basin configurations with different geometries were developed, and then their seismic responses to both Ricker wavelets and seismic records were simulated by using an explicit finite difference scheme. The definition of deep/shallow basin, the precondition for the observation of prominent surface waves and the influential area of edge effects of the shallow basin were discussed quantitatively in this study. The followings were concluded: in the common velocity contrast range (v _s1/v _s2 < 10), the fundamental frequency a basin with W/H > 3.0 can be estimated approximately by 1D theory. The complexity of peak ground acceleration distribution pattern, the width of the most affected section as well as the amplitude of ground motion in the Edge Region increase with incident frequency. Prominent surface waves can only be observed when the incident wavelength is shorter than the critical wavelength λ _c . The interaction between incident wave and basin dynamic property plays a dominant role on the peak ground acceleration amplitude while the interaction between incident wave and geometry plays a more significant role on the peak ground acceleration distribution. For very shallow basin, different areas along the basin width are affected to different extents. Only a limited area close to the basin edge is influenced significantly. It is more feasible to propose spectral aggravation factor for different surface zones respectively than a uniform constant as a tool to calibrate the 1D-based design spectrum so as to take the basin effects into account.     

浙江常山里山岭斑岩型铜矿床成岩时代及岩浆源区

浙江是非金属矿大省,金属矿特别是斑岩型矿床的研究亟待进行。本文以里山岭斑岩型铜矿床为研究对象,首次采用SHRIMP U-Pb对该岩体侵位时代进行精确限定,利用Sr-Nd同位素示踪含矿岩体的岩浆源区,不仅为浙江斑岩型矿床成因的深入研究增加了新资料,还对浙西下一步找矿勘探具有重要意义。浙江常山里山岭斑岩型铜矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段,受球川-萧山深断裂带控制。该矿床铜矿化主要赋存于花岗斑岩体中。含矿花岗斑岩为高硅、富碱、高分异、过铝质S型花岗岩。岩体的稀土分布型式右倾,整体呈“海鸥型”,有明显负Eu异常。岩石亏损Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素,富集Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti、Y、Yb等高场强元素。含矿花岗斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为（131±2）Ma,为早白垩世构造-岩浆活动的产物,形成于中国东部岩石圈减薄背景。岩浆岩（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i值为0.679 95~0.721 08,平均0.701 14。ε_Nd（t）值为-8.4~-5.8,平均-6.7。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明含矿花岗斑岩源区主要为地壳,兼有少量地幔物质的混染。     

水库诱发地震讨论及其动力学机制分析

本文介绍了几个典型水库地震事件,总结了目前对水库诱发地震的分析方法及其依据,重点从地震发生的时间、空间、强度、活动特征、震源深度5个方面介绍了水库诱发地震的特征,最后简要分析了水库诱发地震的动力学机制,认为通过人为调整库水载荷大小等因素来研究水库地震活动性,对于研究地震触发及地震预报等有重要的社会价值和科学意义。     

东疆地区某氧化铜矿选矿试验研究

对新疆东疆地区某氧化铜矿石进行选别试验,确定该氧化铜矿选别流程为一粗二扫一精：选别的最佳条件为：磨矿细度90％;粗选硫化钠用量2500g／t;BX与丁胺黑药组合使用做捕收剂,用量分别为3500g／t和850g／t;2#油用量106g／t.铜精矿品位25．76％,回收率73.51％.     

The influence of volcanism on paleoclimate in the northeast of China： Insights from Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China

Just like contemporary sediments, peat itself is a good repository of information about climate change, the effects of volcanic activity on climate change have been truly recorded in peat, since it is a major archive of volcanic eruption incidents. A section of sand was identified as tephra from the Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China, for the grains look like slag with surface bubbles and pits, characterized by high porosity, and loose structure with irregular edges and corners. According to the peat characteristics of uniform deposition, the tephra was dated at 2002–1976 a B.P. by way of linear interpolation, so the time of volcanic eruption was 15 B.C.–26 A.D. (the calibrated age). While the geochemical characteristics of tephra in this study are quite the same as those of tephra from the Jinlongdingzi volcano at Longgang and from alkaline basaltic magma, with the contents of SiO₂<55%, and the similar contents to Al₂O₃ and Fe, but the contents of Na₂O>K₂O. We speculated that the tephra in this study came from the Longgang volcano group. Compared with 11 recorded volcanic eruption events as shown on the carbon and oxygen isotope curves of the Jinchuan peat cellulose, it is obviously seen that adjacent or large-scale volcanic eruptions are precisely corresponding to the minimum temperature and humidity. It seems that these volcanic eruptions indeed affected the local climate, leading to the drop of regional temperature and humidity. As a result, there was prevailing a cold and dry climate there, and all these changes can be well recorded in peat. So the comparison of volcanic eruption events with information about climate change developed from peat, can provide strong evidence for the impact of volcanism on climate change.     

中国耕地资源开发强度及其演化阶段

地域资源禀赋差异及经济社会发展阶段性决定了耕地资源开发强度理应存在结构演化的阶段性。基于粮食生产角度提出了涵盖开发广度、开发深度、开发频度的耕地资源开发强度评价方法。据此,通过评价分析全国及区域开发强度演化特征,论证了耕地资源开发强度阶段性结构演化假设。结果表明:耕地资源开发强度评价能准确判断耕地资源开发状态;中国耕地资源开发已基本完成以提高开发广度为主要特点的外延式开发历程,当前正值以提高开发深度为主要特点,同时面临开发频度降低问题的内涵式开发阶段;2004年,中国耕地资源开发强度为25.064%,区域开发强度及其结构演化差异显著。最后,在明确耕地资源管理政策转型基本导向的基础上,探讨了区域差别化的开发强度管控政策。