福建两个块状硫化物矿床中磁黄铁矿结构的研究

福建大田前锋梅仙块状硫化物矿床中六方磁黄铁矿中的单斜磁黄铁矿有两种交生态：受结晶方位控制的叶片状交生和受颗粒边界、裂隙控制的不规则状交生。着重由六方磁黄铁矿在冷却过程中出溶形成,而后者则是单斜磁黄铁矿交代六方磁黄铁矿的结果。叶片状交生体经历后期变形、变质后产生粗化和均一化,形成了楔形边、箱形、得杂叶片等结构。单斜磁黄铁矿在变形较弱的矿区保存较好,而在强烈部位消失殆尽,说明应力对磁黄铁矿的均一化效应     

取土器几何尺寸对饱和软黏土样结构的扰动研究

基于颗粒流软件模拟,以吹填淤泥为例,分析了取土器的内径、切角、壁厚等尺寸参数对高黏性软土微观动力学特性的影响;通过分层方法,比较了7组土样层间颗粒特征拐点的运动行为。模拟结果表明:土样的颗粒在底部形成对流位移场,对流处上方颗粒主要受拉膨胀,对流处下方颗粒主要受压收缩,由此造成孔隙率的规律变化和层理的弯曲变形。7组参数对应土样的孔隙率曲线与初始孔隙率曲线的交点同颗粒位移场的对流位置存在协同关系。土样层理表现为向下弯曲变形,层间颗粒位移行为存在特征拐点,拐点之间颗粒扰动行为不明显;反之,颗粒扰动行为较大,这种变形特征可拟合为下开口的旋转抛物面,且曲面方程的曲面形状拟合系数a值能初步评估7组土样的扰动程度。层间特征拐点的连线可再拟合为旋转抛物面,抛物面体积与土样体积的比值可用来评估土样的原状性。     

陕甘宁盆地中部马五段上部成岩层序地层学研究及其意义

陕甘宁盆地具有较有利的成岩层序地层学研究条件。根据多种资料,将盆地中部马五段上部划分出八个准层序。准层序内部的酸不溶物含量、自然伽玛、曲线、稳定碳同位素值及残余含盐量等参数呈现规律性变化,这为相似类型的地层的准层序划分提供了新的方法。在不同的成岩作用中,准层序上站的溶解作用／去膏化作用明显强于准层序下部;准层序上部多为准同生白云岩化形成的泥－粉晶白云岩,下部则多为再次云化形成的细粉晶－粗粉白云岩,     

基于QuickBird影像生成菲尔德斯半岛数字正射影像图及其精度评价

南极菲尔德斯半岛地区是世界各国进行极地科学考察的重要地区,该地区的高精度数字正射影像图(DOM)给极地考察提供了重要的信息支持。由于受地面控制点数量、分布以及DEM精度的影响,该地区已获取的数字正射影像图精度不能满足高精度应用需求。对此,本文讨论了利用QuickBird影像制作该地区数字正射影像图的方法,基于QuickBird影像,利用中国第25次南极考察队采集的地面控制点对正射纠正模型进行修正,并结合1∶20000比例尺地形图提取的DEM对影像进行投影差改正。误差分析表明,纠正后影像平面精度优于1m,满足1∶5000比例尺遥感平面图制图要求。     

Valuation of lake and marsh wetlands ecosystem services in China

Wetlands are highly productive natural ecosystems, providing valuable goods and services. There is growing interest in transferring ecosystem service value from the existing wetlands studied to other wetlands ecosystems at a large geographic scale. The benefit transfer method uses the known values from wetlands to predict the value of other wetland sites. This methodology requires only limited time and resources. The present study calculated the value of the ecological services provided by lake and marsh wetlands in China in terms of biodiversity indices, water quality indices and economic indices. Basic data on wetlands were obtained through remote sensing images. The results show that: 1) The total ecosystem service value of the lake and marsh wetlands in 2008 was calculated to be 8.1841 × 1010 United States Dollars(USD), with the marsh and lake wetlands contributing 5.6329 × 1010 and 2.5512 × 1010 USD, respectively. Values of marsh ecosystem service were concentrated in Heilongjiang Province(2.5516 × 1010 USD), Qinghai Province(1.2014 × 1010 USD), and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(1.1884 × 1010 USD). The value of the lakes were concentrated in Tibet Autonomous Region(6.223 × 109 USD), Heilongjiang(5.810 × 109 USD), and Qinghai(5.500 × 109 USD). 2) Waste treatment and climate regulation services contributed to 26.29% and 24.74% respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the marsh wetlands. Hydrological regulation and waste treatment contributed to 41.39% and 32.75%, respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the lake wetlands. 3) The total ecological service value of the lake and marsh wetlands was 54.64% of the total service value of natural grassland ecosystems and 30.34% of the total service value of forests ecosystems in China.     

当前国际水文学科技术领域的研究方向

根据联合国有关机构发布的公报和世界各国近年来的学术研究情况，整理出了近期水文学科在地表水、地下水、水质、水资源系统、大气～土壤～植被、大陆侵蚀、冰雪、遥感技术和示踪技术等领域的热门研究课题，在一定程度上反映了当前国际上水文学科的研究和发展方向，对国内同行有一定的参考价值。     

沪版新教材应用GIS助推地理实践力的案例研究——以"利用三维GIS观察典型地貌形态"的实践活动为例

随着新课标的颁布和新课程的实施,如何在教学中将地理实践力“落地生根”成为一线中学地理教师的关注点之一。本文以沪版高中地理新教材必修第一册第四单元的实践活动“利用三维GIS观察典型地貌形态”为例,应用谷歌地球GIS软件平台,对疏勒河冲积扇这一典型地貌的模拟考察活动进行教学设计,以期展示基于地理信息技术培养地理实践力的具体做法与过程,为一线地理教师提供参考。     

城市景观公园对城市热岛调控效应分析——以哈尔滨市为例

采用哈尔滨市2007年9月30日Landsat TM数据,基于哈尔滨市地表温度反演结果,对城市公园对热岛效应的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明:哈尔滨市主城区热岛效应明显,高温区呈现集中分布,市区内的公园在高温区域内形成明显的热岛空洞;公园对周围区域降温作用明显,降温效应随距离增加呈递减趋势;在公园周围120 m范围内,不同面积的公园对周围环境温度影响存在明显差异,不同缓冲带的降温幅度存在极显著差异;公园面积和内部平均温度呈显著负相关,即公园面积越大,内部平均温度越低,反之亦然,二者存在显著的回归关系,因此可以通过设计不同面积公园,以实现城市高温区降温效应。研究表明一个大的景观公园的降温效应要强于总面积相等的多个小公园的降温效应。     

Wave radiation and diffraction by a two-dimensional floating body with an opening near a side wall

The radiation and diffraction problem of a two-dimensional rectangular body with an opening floating on a semi-infinite fluid domain of finite water depth is analysed based on the linearized velocity potential theory through an analytical solution procedure. The expressions for potentials are obtained by the method of variation separation, in which the unknown coefficients are determined by the boundary condition and matching requirement on the interface. The effects of the position of the hole and the gap between the body and side wall on hydrodynamic characteristics are investigated. Some resonance is observed like piston motion in a moon pool and sloshing in a closed tank because of the existence of restricted fluid domains.