Taxonomic distinctness of macrofauna as an ecological indicator in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters

In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising.     

新疆哈密玉西银矿床特征及成因

玉西银矿床产在中元古界长城系星星峡群黑云斜长片麻岩和藓县系卡瓦布拉克群大理岩间的韧性剪切带、韧脆性破碎带中;矿体呈脉状、透镜状和似层状;矿石由辉银矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、石英和黄铁矿等４０余种矿物组成;围岩蚀变有硅化、内铁矿化和碳酸盐化;经历热液成矿期、叠加成矿期和表生成矿期。矿质源自地壳浅部和深部岩石,介质来自地壳封存水、变质水和雨水的混合水,热源主要来自地壳圈层剪切热。在同构造、中低温、中     

南海北部天然气水合物远景区末次冰期以来底栖有孔虫稳定同位素特征及其影响因素

底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏移是地质记录中天然气水合物释放的重要证据之一.对南海北部西沙海槽和东沙陆坡等天然气水合物远景区XH-27PC和DS-4PC柱状样分别进行顶空气甲烷含量分析、有机碳含量分析、粒度分析和有孔虫氧碳同位素分析.结合碳酸盐含量及AMS 14C 测年,揭示研究区末次冰期以来底栖有孔虫的稳定同位素特征.结果显示: 西沙海槽BSR区沉积物中甲烷含量较低; 底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏不明显,与顶空气甲烷含量呈弱正相关(R=0.32),与有机碳含量有强负相关(R=-0.82),说明低通量甲烷不足以引起底栖有孔虫碳同位素显著偏移,在无甲烷或甲烷轻微渗漏的环境中有机碳的厌氧氧化是影响底栖有孔虫碳同位素组成的主要因素.东沙陆坡BSR区沉积物中含有大量的甲烷气体; 底栖有孔虫氧同位素记录在末次冰期异常偏重,可能与天然气水合物的分解释放有关; 同时可识别出多期碳同位素快速负偏事件,其成因很可能是末次冰期海平面下降导致海底沉积物的温度、压力条件发生变化,从而引发水合物甲烷失稳分解,底栖有孔虫吸收富 12C的甲烷源碳致使壳体碳同位素负偏移.     

渤海湾海河口区耗氧有机物的分布特征

渤海湾海河口区是北京、天津二大城市工业及生活污水排放入海处，是一比较典型的海域。1972年以来曾对渤海湾进行过综合性的环境污染调查和研究，但由于受调查范围和项目的限制，对河口区特别是大沽口、北塘口区有机污染物的迁移转化研究甚少，尚不足以就有机污染对河口生态环境的潜在影响作出科学判断。目前，有机污染已成为海河口区特别是其附近大城市的主要污染问题之一。本文以化学耗氧量(COD)、生物耗氧量(BOD5)、溶解氧(DO)等项目作为耗氧有机物污染程度评价的主要指标(还有氮、磷、本集另有专文讨论)，对海河口区有机污染物的迁移、转化及生态效应进行了调查研究，为有机污染评价提供数据并作初步探讨。     

基于智能计算的广西大风短临预报预警系统的产品检验

利用机器学习和人工智能技术研发了广西大风短临预报预警系统,该系统的产品与同期广西各地气象局发布的大风预警信号(以下简称“人工预警”)进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)按业务评分规定,大风预警系统在漏报率和命中率方面更优,人工预警在TS评分和空报率方面更优;(2)有效提前预警情况下,大风预警系统在大风蓝色、黄色预警和不分级预警中TS评分较高。基于对大风预警系统和人工预警的数量、TS评分和预警提前量的差异分析,广西大风短临预报预警系统的产品性能达到同期人工预警水平。     

基于SMAP卫星雷达资料的海冰密集度反演技术研究

SMAP是美国于2015年初发射的一颗卫星,搭载了L波段的雷达。它采用圆锥扫描方式,具有固定的入射角、较大的幅宽和千米级的分辨率,在海冰监测方面具有独特的优势。本文利用SMAP卫星雷达资料分别与德国Bremen大学海冰密集度产品和美国国家冰雪数据中心（NSIDC）海冰密集度产品建立3.125 km和25 km匹配数据集,分析了L波段雷达后向散射系数、极化比和归一化极化差与海冰密集度之间相关性,建立基于人工神经网络的海冰密集度反演算法。为了验证SMAP卫星雷达资料反演海冰密集度的精度,本文选择德国Bremen大学和美国冰雪数据中心发布的海冰密集度产品分别与SMAP海冰密集度产品进行对比分析,SMAP海冰密集度与Bremen海冰密集度的偏差为0.07、均方根误差为0.14;与NSIDC海冰密集度的偏差为0.04、均方根误差为0.18,这表明SMAP海冰密集度产品与现有业务化海冰密集度产品具有很好的一致性。     

右江褶皱带有金属矿床成矿系列初步研究

右江褶皱带位于华南褶皱系的南西端，地质构造复杂，有色金属矿产丰富，本文对该区有色金属矿床的两个主要成矿系列进行了研究，一是与重熔型花岗岩类有关的锡－铜－银多金属矿床成矿系列，其中又可将其分为锡－铜与银多金属两个亚系列，二是沉积－改造型层控锑矿床成矿系列，本文以上旧，都龙，白占厂，德保，凤凰山和木利，马雄等矿床为实例，分别讨论了两个成矿系列的主要特征，控矿因素和矿床成因。     

Wave-dependence of friction velocity,roughness length,and drag coefficient over coastal and open water surfaces by using three databases

The parameterization of friction velocity, roughness length, and the drag coefficient over coastal zones and open water surfaces enables us to better understand the physical processes of air-water interaction. In context of measurements from the Humidity Exchange over the Sea Main Experiment (HEXMAX), we recently proposed wave-parameter dependent approaches to sea surface friction velocity and the aerodynamic roughness by using the dimensional analysis method. To extend the application of these approaches to a range of natural surface conditions, the present study is to assess this approach by using both coastal shallow (RASEX) and open water surface measurements (Lake Ontario and Grand Banks ERS-1 SAR) where wind speeds were greater than 6.44 m s^-1. Friction velocities, the surface aerodynamic roughness, and the neutral drag coefficient estimated by these approaches under moderate wind conditions were compared with the measurements mentioned above. Results showed that the coefficients in these approaches for coastal shallow water surface differ from those for open water surfaces, and that the aerodynamic roughness length in terms of wave age or significant wave height should be treated differently for coastal shallow and open water surfaces.     

Crustal Structure beneath Yinggehai Basin and Adjacent Hainan Island, and Its Tectonic Implications

Two NE-SW trending wide-angle seismic profiles were surveyed across the Chinese side Two NE-SW trending wide-angle seismic profiles were surveyed across the Chinese side of the Yinggehai (莺歌海) basin (YGHB) with ocean bottom hydrophones (OBHs) and piggyback recorded by onshore stations located on the Hainan (海南)Island.Detailed velocity-depth models were obtained through traveltime modeling and partially constrained by amplitude calculations.More than 15 km Tertiary sedimentary infill within the YGHB can be divided in to three layers with distinct velocity-depth distribution.Overall,the upper layer has a high velocity gradient with 3.8-4.1 km/s at its bottom,consistent with progressive compaction and diagenesls.Its thickness increases gradually towards the basin center,reaching 4.5 km along the southern profile.The middle layer is characterized in its most part as a pronounced low velocity zone (LVZ) with average velocity as low as 3.0 km/s.Its thickness increases from 3.0 to over 4.5 km from NW towards SE.The primary causes of the velocity inversion are high accumulation rate and subsequent under-compaction of sediments.The velocity at the top of the lower layer is estimated at about 4.5 km/s.Despite strong energy source used (4 x 12L airgun array),no reflections can be observed from deeper levels within the basin.Towards NE the basin is bounded sharply by a clear and deep basement fault (Fault No.1),which seems to cut through the entire crust.A typical continental crust with low-velocity middle crust is found beneath the coast of the western Hainan Island.Its thickness is determined to be 28 km and shows no sign of crustal thinning towards the basin.The sharp change in crustal structure across Fault No.1 indicates that the fault is a strike-slip fault.The crustal structure obtained in this study clearly favors the hypothesis that the YGHB is a narrow pull-apart basin formed by strike-slip faulting of the Red River fault zone.