Geostatistics as a groundwater exploration planning tool: case of a brackish-saline aquifer

This paper discusses a geostatistical approach to model a groundwater aquifer in 3-D. The study aims at utilizing geostatistics as a tool for characterizing zones of better-water quality in a brackish-saline aquifer. In particular, the geostatistical model was constructed to characterize the aquifer’s salinity, represented by total dissolved solids (TDS), using logs of porosity and resistivity. Quality-checked estimated TDS vertical profiles were employed to construct and model horizontal and vertical semivariograms. Parameters of semivariogram models were used to develop both the kriging plan and the generated model. Results of this modeling process are shown in the form of horizontal salinity distribution maps. The aquifer was sliced into 20 layers, each 20 m thick, to represent its overall thickness. Salinity layers maps reflect vertical stratification of TDS concentrations in the aquifer and show that water quality deteriorates with depth and toward the northern part of the aquifer. Relatively better-quality water (TDS ≤10,000 mg/l) can be found at depths between 100 and 250 m below the aquifer’s top in both eastern and southeastern parts. Water in the same interval to the western and southwestern parts reflects the presence of higher TDS concentration. From a planning point of view, it is more feasible to target the eastern part of the aquifer for pumping and desalination purposes. In addition, the generated model could be utilized as an initial condition for flow simulation.     

Effect of azimuthal coverage of an earthquake on moment tensor solutions estimated by waveform inversion

The purposes of this seismological investigation are to understand and describe the effect of decrease in the azimuthal coverage of an earthquake on moment tensor solution estimated by waveform inversion. It will be very useful and worthwhile as mostly seismological networks are sparse and in case when only one or two station data are available. In this work, we have used two moderate earthquakes, 21 September 2009 (near Uttarakashi) and 3 May 2010 (near Ghansali). The waveform inversion has been carried using ISOLA software. The moment tensor is first estimated by using all station data and then by removing the stations so that the azimuthal coverage changes. The results show that strike of both nodal planes is varying with the change in azimuthal coverage. However, the slip and dip of both nodal planes remain quite stable against the variation in azimuthal coverage for these two earthquakes analyzed. The effect of decrease in the azimuthal coverage showed increase in double-couple percentage (DC %) and decrease in compensated linear vector decomposition (CLVD %). The other focal parameters such as T-axis azimuth, P-axis azimuth, T-axis plunge, and P-axis plunge have been found stable against the variation in azimuth coverage. The study also demonstrates that the moment tensor solutions obtained from waveform inversion using single station are almost similar to those estimated using maximum azimuthal coverage data and by polarity inversion.     

滇黔桂晚海西—中印支伸展裂谷海盆地的演化

在详细研究各类喾体积的相序构成和沉积演化过程的基础上，采用动态成因及地层分析的方法，恢复了已曹受严重构造破坏的滇黔桂伸展裂谷海盆地的地层格架，根据各类等时地层界面的性质和地层序列划分出了５个沉积幕，详细解剖了各沉积幕的三维空间构成。同时以沉积体系或为单位，恢复了各沉积幕中相应阶段的构造古地理环境，将伸展裂谷盆地的演化历史划分为陆壳初始裂陷和洋壳化阶段，盆地伸展扩张阶段、洋壳俯冲和盆地分化段以及盆地     

山西义兴寨金矿流体包裹体的特征及意义

对山西省义兴寨金矿的流体包裹体进行了详细研究,测试样品为本区的花岗岩、花岗斑岩、多金属硫化物含金石英脉、黄铁矿含金石英脉、片麻岩和伟晶岩6种。研究发现有四个类型的流体包裹体:Ⅰ1,富液相气液包裹体、Ⅰ2富气相气液包裹体、Ⅱ含CO2包裹体和Ⅱ含NaCl子晶多相包裹体。在矿石样品中可见到沸腾包裹体群发育,沸腾机制是热液运移时遇到火山通道及断裂而产生的压力下降。含矿石英脉的包裹体与次火山岩脉的包裹体特征十分相似,说明二者的热液具同源性。     

Evaluation on Groundwater Resources of Medium Salinity in Tarim Basin and Development and Demonstration of Under-mulch-drip Irrigation Technology for Cotton

The groundwater of medium salinity refers to the groundwater with a mineralization degree of 2-7 g/L that can be directly or indirectly used for irrigation. This paper determined the distribution area of the groundwater with medium salinity in Tarim Basin, estimated the total amount of recharge resources and exploitable quantity of the groundwater of medium salinity. The irrigation water quality assessment was conducted on the groundwater of medium salinity by using multiple factors and methods. The salt tolerance parameters and irrigation water mineralization control parameters of the cotton in under-mulch-drip irrigation were determined. The under-mulch-drip irritation technology for cotton in groundwater of medium salinity was developed and applied successfully to the demonstration area. The social, economic and ecological effects of this technology as well as the application prospect were analysed. This paper also puts forward two questions that need to be further studied     

县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统研发与应用: 以陕西省宁强县为例

滑坡风险管理是国际上广泛应用于滑坡灾害防灾减灾的有效途径之一。以县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统(County Landslides Risk Management Information System,CLRMIS)研发及应用为研究目标,在简述国内外相关研究现状的基础上,分析了我国县域滑坡灾害风险管理的基本特征与需求,设计了县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统的总体架构与功能模块,详细论述了县域滑坡灾害风险管理的技术流程、评价方法及评价标准,基于地理信息系统技术,完成了CLRMIS软件的开发。选择陕西省宁强县为应用研究区,基于CLRMIS平台,在对宁强县地质环境与地质灾害数据管理的基础上,采用信息量方法和要素权重叠加方法分别进行了区域(县域)滑坡灾害危险性和易损性研究,采用专家打分方法进行了单体滑坡灾害危险性和危害性研究,在此基础上应用风险矩阵分析方法进行了区域(县域)及单体滑坡灾害广义风险评价方法研究和基于降雨量的动态风险评价与预报预警。应用结果表明,CLRMIS能够在滑坡信息管理、风险分析与评价、预报预警等方面提供较为有效的支持,具有一定的实用价值。     

氢氧化物族矿物的氧同位素分馏

应用增量方法计算了氢氧化物族矿物的氧同位素分馏,得到常见氢氧化物的18O富集顺序为：褐铁矿＞三水铝石＞针铁矿＞水镁石＞硬水铝石。氢氧化物与其对应的氧化物相比显著地富集18O。三价阳离子的氢氧化物和氧化物的18O富集顺序为：M（OH）3＞MO（OH）＞M2O3。Al（OH）3同质多象变体之间也存在一定的分馏。对于石英-氢氧化物、方解石-氢氧化物和氢氧化物-水体系,本文计算提供了在0-1200℃温度范围内三组内部一致的分馏系数方程。这些理论校准与合成实验结果和／或地表温度下的天然样品相吻合,特别针铁矿、勃姆石和硬水铝石与水之间的氧同位素分馏关系能够满足地质测温的要求。因此,对氢氧化物-水体系的氧同位素分析可望提供表生环境下可靠的地质温度计。     

豫西小秦岭地区太华杂岩中花岗质片麻岩的元素地球化学及其构造意义

豫西小秦岭地区太华杂岩中花岗质片麻岩为古老侵入岩,主要由黑云斜长片麻岩、黑云钾长片麻岩和黑云二长片麻岩等类型岩石组成,具有ＴＴＧ岩系的组成特征,元素地球化学特征反映其形成于类似现代板块碰撞带的构造环境．     

西昆仑库地西北依沙克群中首次发现放射虫化石

新藏公路137km处一些克沟中自下而上发育一套由基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩及深海复理石组成的库地蛇绿岩系。     

浙赣皖交界区新元古代火山-沉积岩系的比较——有关火山作用同期异相的探讨

本文综合野外地质、同位素年代学和岩石地球化学资料,对浙赣皖交界区,即江南造山带东段发育的众多新元古代火山—沉积岩系进行了对比研究。从岩石组合及其大地构造含义和火山作用同期异相的观点加以认识.揭示它们的内在联系,为该区地层单元的清理和归并提供依据。