深海底钻机动力头的钻杆自行抛弃和冲击卸扣机构

文章介绍了深海岩心取样钻机的主要部件动力头的结构及特点。根据深海钻进的特殊情况,专门在动力头上设计了钻杆自行抛弃机构和冲击卸扣机构。这两种机构可在发生卡钻事故钻机无法回收已经深入孔内的钻杆串时,可将其自行抛弃,或由于动力头扭矩液压马达出现故障不能拧卸钻杆时,冲击卸扣机构将对钻杆丝扣进行冲击使其松动而卸扣。文章重点介绍了钻杆自行抛弃机构和冲击卸扣机构的结构及工作原理。     

河南省区域经济发展水平评价分析

选取经济总量、对外经济开放程度、人民生活水平和基础设施4个系统共24个区域经济指标,构建河南省区域经济发展水平评价指标体系。回归分析法和KMO统计检验结果表明,因子分析法对评价河南省区域经济发展水平是合理有效的。依据2012年的数据,运用因子分析法对河南省18个地级市的区域经济发展水平进行综合评价,对评价结果进行K-均值聚类分析,将各区域经济发展水平分为4类,进而提出协调区域经济发展水平的建议。     

Luminescence dating of sand–loess sequences and response of Mu Us and Otindag sand fields (north China) to climatic changes

The sand–loess transition zone in north China is sensitive to climate change, and is an ideal place to investigate past environmental changes. However, past climate change at millennial–centennial timescales in this region has not been well reconstructed because of limited numerical dating. Alternations of sandy loam soils with aeolian sand layers in the Mu Us and Otindag sand fields, which lie along the sand–loess transition zone, indicate multiple intervals of dune activity and stability. This change is probably a response to variations of the East Asian monsoon climate during the late Quaternary. The single aliquot regeneration (SAR) optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating protocol, which has been successfully applied to aeolian deposits worldwide, is applied to these two sand fields in this study. The OSL ages provide reliable constraints for reconstruction of past climate changes at suborbital timescale. Sections in both sand fields contain aeolian sand beds recording millennial‐scale episodes of dry climate and widespread dune activation, including episodes at about the same time as Heinrich Event 5 and the Younger Dryas in the North Atlantic region. These results demonstrate the potential of aeolian sediments in semi‐arid north China to record millennial‐scale climatic events, and also suggest that dry–wet climate variation at the desert margin in China may be linked to climatic change elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere, through atmospheric circulation. This article was published online on 27 November 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected (16 December 2008). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

气候异常对我国北方地区沙尘暴的影响及其对策

利用(1951～2000年)气温、降水资料分析我国北方地区沙尘暴的演变趋势,探讨沙尘暴的机理和形成机制,重点研究了气候异常事件对今春我国北方沙尘天气频发的可能影响.指出,为加深对沙尘暴的认识并减轻其对社会经济可持续发展的影响,应加强对沙尘暴形成机理的科学研究建立沙尘暴监测、预警系统,同时对荒漠化土地进行科学的治理.     

火电厂粉煤灰的矿物磁性及其环境意义

火电厂排放的粉煤灰是重要的大气颗粒污染物之一,利用粉煤灰的磁性监测环境污染是新近发展的新手段。应用矿物磁测技术和X射线衍射对浙江省主要电厂排放的粉煤灰的矿物磁性特征和磁性矿物学,以及与重金属元素的关系进行了研究,结果表明粉煤灰具有较高的磁化率（X）、软剩磁（IRM20mT）和饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）值,粉煤灰频率磁化率（Xfd）的平均值为2．5％,磁性矿物以多畴（MD）颗粒存在,粉煤灰的剩磁矫顽力（BCR）在42～53mT之间。矿物测试结合X射线衍射分析表明粉煤灰中的氧化铁矿物以FeO4和Fe2O3-α为主,粉煤灰的磁化率与Fe、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cu、CA含量呈显著线性正相关,相关系数（r）分别是0．924,0．866,0．725,0．756,0．945和0．867,磁化率可作为粉煤灰中重金属元素含量的代用指标。     

激光探测能见度的实验研究

利用红宝石激光雷达初步实验对比表明,利用激光雷达可以定量求得各种能见度下的水平能见度值,只是在低能见度情况要采取适当的技术和分析方法。用激光探测目前飞机临界着陆能见度也是可能的,但在更低能见度下大气多次散射起着重要作用,给利用激光探测斜视能见度带来局限。     

论卡以头组的时代

中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所的有关人员 (1980 )曾做过大量地层古生物工作 ,证实卡以头砂页岩层或卡以头组的时代为三叠纪最早期 ,是飞仙关组底部地层的相变。“论卡以头组”一文认为该组下部的时代为二叠纪 ,上部则属三叠纪。对该文提供的地层古生物资料进行分析后 ,本文作者认为该论点缺乏证据 ,不能成立 ;将陆相的威宁哲觉剖面代替标准地点宣威羊场的过渡相剖面作为卡以头组的标准剖面 ,也是不合适的     

澳大利亚西北陆架中生界生储盖组合特征

澳大利亚西北陆架是一个贫油富气的地区,在近年的勘探开发中显示出广阔的前景。区域上包含4个盆地和1个造山带:北卡那封盆地、柔布克盆地、布劳斯盆地、波拿巴盆地和帝汶—班达褶皱带。西北陆架油气绝大多数集中在中生界。中生界发育4套主要烃源岩:三叠系湖相泥页岩、下—中侏罗统海相和海陆交互相碳质泥岩和煤系、上侏罗统海相页岩及下白垩统海相泥页岩;主要储集岩为中—上三叠统三角洲—边缘海相砂岩、下—中侏罗统砂岩、上侏罗统砂岩和白垩系砂岩;主要区域性盖层是下白垩统海相泥页岩。根据生储盖组合的沉积环境,主要发育海生海储海盖型和陆生陆储陆盖型两大生储盖组合类型。海生海储海盖型生储盖组合广泛分布于西北大陆架,是区域最重要的成藏组合。     

Mineralogy,major and trace element geochemistry of riverbed sediments in the headwaters of the Yangtze,Tongtian River and Jinsha River

We collected riverbed sediments of the headwaters of the Yangtze River (Chumaer River, Tuotuo River, Gaerqu River and Buqu River), Tongtian River and Jinsha River (HTJR) flowing on the eastern Tibetan Plateau and analyzed their mineralogical features, major and trace element contents. The results show: (i) very poor correlations of Na₂O, K₂O, CaO, Ba, and Sr to SiO₂, LREE to Th, HREE to Hf, and Ta/La to Ti, and characteristics of Eu anomaly (the ratios of (Eu/Eu^*)_N range from 0.60 to 0.83 with an average value of 0.71) all indicate that the Jinsha River sediments have not undergone much mineralogical sorting; (ii) illite and chlorite are predominant clay minerals, and quartz, calcite, dolomite, albite, and K-feldspar are prevailing non-clay minerals. The characteristics of mineral assemblage indicate relatively weak chemical weathering degree in these river basins; (iii) very high contents of Fe₂O₃, MgO, TiO₂, Sc, V, Cr, Co, and Ni at Panzhihua mainly result from the huge-sized V–Ti magnetite deposits occurred in layered gabbroic intrusion; and (iv) the chemical alteration index (CIA) in the HTJR ranges from 46.5 to 69.2 and with an average value of 60.5 which indicates relatively weak weathering degree.