Chaba (0417) 台风变性前后热力结构特征

运用美国NOAA-15极轨气象卫星高分辨率的AMSU探测资料, 结合NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和GMS-5气象卫星红外云顶亮温(TBB)资料, 对2004年Chaba(0417)台风(TC)变性前后的热力结构特征进行分析。发现变性前TC暖核结构呈对称分布, 在高空存在一强暖心; 变性后原TC对称暖心结构消失, 存在于温带气旋上空的相对暖区呈现出倾斜的非对称分布, 在高、低层各形成一弱的暖区中心, 锋面的斜压特性显著。通过热力结构对比, 进一步揭示出TC在向高纬度方向移动时, 与中纬度系统相互作用发生变性, 实质上是两个相继过程, 即热带气旋的消亡和温带气旋的生成发展。TC西侧高空干冷空气的入侵下沉, 破坏了其发展所需的水汽条件, 造成TC对称暖核结构的削弱和损毁。与此同时, 在TC残留区域, 由于空气较暖且存在气旋式环流, 暖空气在东侧呈气旋式上升, 与西侧高空入侵下沉的干冷空气形成偶极, TC暖气团与冷空气相交发展形成斜压的结果, 则为温带气旋的生成和发展创造了有利条件。     

基于GIS的贵州省冰雹分布与地形因子关系分析

使用贵州省1961—2004年84个气象台站44年历史冰雹记录及1:1000000全国数字高程模型(DEM)资料, 采用基于GIS的数字地形分析、分区统计和图像分类方法, 研究了冰雹分布与地形高程、坡向、坡度及地形切割深度的关系。研究表明:地形高程是影响贵州省降雹分布的最主要地形影响因子; 微观地形因子如坡向和坡度对降雹日数的变异并没有显著性影响, 但大范围的地势抬升及暖湿空气的迎风坡有利于降雹; 地形切割深度并不是年平均降雹日数差异的显著影响因子; 纬度位置的不同, 使其受暖湿空气影响程度不同, 热力条件也存在差异, 也是影响平均降雹日数差异的因子之一; 根据3个影响因子建模获得的方程及贵州省冰雹风险分区图, 经统计检验和与历史乡镇降雹资料比较, 具有较好的一致性。     

基于内涝模型的西安市区强降水内涝成因分析

利用西安市近10～40年降水资料、市政信息资料,采用统计学方法,分析了强降水内涝的成因.结果表明:短时强降水或过程量偏大的降水天气过程是引发西安市内涝的直接气象因素;排水能力的强弱是发生内涝关键因素;随着城市化的发展,极端雨强的强度及大于10 mm/h降水的总时次数均有上升趋势,强降水发生概率的提高加强了内涝灾害发生频率及强度,城市效应是内涝加强的主要原因.用西安市强降水内涝仿真模型来进行模拟试验表明:西安是一个内涝发生降水雨强临界值偏低的城市,小时雨强3 mm/h、13 mm/h是发生内涝、严重内涝的临界值,天气预报、雨情监测重点及市政防御关键部位是西北区.总体上缩小井距效果好一些.     

An unusual timing and spectral state of a black hole microquasar XTE J1550-564

An unusual timing and spectral state of a black hole microquasar XTE J1550-564 observed with RXTE is analyzed. Millisecond variabilities are found, which are significantly shorter than the minimum possible time scale in the light curves of black hole binaries, as suggested by Sunyaev & Revnivtsev (2000). The X-ray spectral fitting result indicates that there is an unusual soft component in the spectrum, which may be responsible for the millisecond variabilities. The millisecond variabilities as well as the unusual soft spectral component should be produced from some small, but independent active regions in the accretion disk.     

Flare-induced signals in polarization measurements during the X2.6 flare on 2005 January 15

Flare-induced signals in polarization measurements which were manifested as apparent polarity reversal in magnetograms have been reported since 1981. We are motivated to further quantify the phenomenon by asking two questions: can we distinguish the flare-induced signals from real magnetic changes during flares, and what we can learn about flare energy release from the flare-induced signals? We select the X2.6 flare that occurred on 2005 January 15, for further study. The flare took place in NOAA active re-gion (AR) 10720 at approximately the central meridian, which makes the interpretation of the vector magnetograms less ambiguous. We have identified that flare-induced signals during this flare appeared in six zones. The zones are located within an average distance of 5 Mm from their weight center to the main magnetic neutral line, have an average size of (0.6±0.4)×1017 cm2, duration of 13±4 min, and flux density change of 181±125 G in the area of reversed polarity. The following new facts have been revealed by this study: (1) the flare-induced signal is also seen in the transverse magnetograms but with smaller magnitude, e.g., about 50 G; (2) the flare-induced signal mainly manifests itself as apparent polarity reversal, but the signal starts and ends as a weakening of flux density; (3) The flare-induced signals appear in phase with the peaks of hard X-ray emission as observed by the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic lmager (RHESSI), and mostly trace the position of RHESSI hard X-ray footpoint sources. (4) in four zones, it takes place cotemporally with real magnetic changes which persist after the flare. Only for the other two zones does the flux density recover to the pre-flare level immediately after the flare.The physical implications of the flare-induced signal are discussed in view of its relevance to the non-thermal electron precipitation and primary energy release in the flare.     

基于TIFF和XML标准的瓦片金字塔模型

随着数字地球、数字城市研究的深入,多分辨率空间数据模型已成为GIS研究的热点之一,瓦片金字塔作为管理栅格型空间数据的有效手段更得到了广泛应用.文中分析了普通金字塔模型的缺点,在此基础上设计并实现了符合TIFF和XML标准的通用数据模型;通过应用证明了模型的实用价值.     

基于分层模式的随钻地震数据处理软件系统体系结构研究

针对目前国内随钻地震数据处理技术研究的需求,提出了基于分层模式的随钻地震资料处理集成平台体系结构,依次针对框架内的数据存储和服务层、应用服务层、执行控制层和用户界面层等每层的主要功能进行了界定和说明,并给出系统实现。该系统集资料处理、数据管理、可视化于一体,既满足常规室内资料处理的需求,也适用于钻井现场的实时处理,对现场监控钻探过程,及时调整施工方案具有意义。     

高分辨率卫星数据在矿山开发状况及环境监测中的应用效果比较

以著名钨矿生产基地———江西省崇义县为实验区,对QUICKBIRD和SPOT-5数据在南方高植被覆盖山区矿产资源开发状况及其引发的环境问题的监测效果和与性能作了系统比较,为类似地区矿山监测时数据源的选择提供参考。     

基于DEM的洪涝灾害信息提取与损失估算

数字高程模型(DEM)作为洪涝灾害遥感研究的辅助信息源可以提供两类信息,一是地面点的高程和所处地形部位以及与邻域的相互关系等方面的背景数据,二是研究区高程-面积关系、高程-容积关系及面积-容积关系等基本关系信息。利用这些背景数据和基本关系信息,结合洪水期遥感图像的解译,可以获取洪水淹没范围、淹没区积水量、水深、淹没历时以及作物受灾程度等灾情信息。本文阐述了这种研究的原理和方法。