蒙脱石酸处理产物的表面结构变化

本文对广东和平蒙脱石及其酸处理产物进行了化学分析、Ｘ射线粉末衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析、原子力显微镜及魔角旋转核磁共振等研究。结果表明,酸处理浓度对蒙脱石的表面结构有很大的影响。当酸处理浓度达到２０％时,蒙脱石硅氧四面体中的Ｑ＾３Ｓｉ环境发生结构重组,有部分转变为畸变的Ｑ＾３Ｓｉ环境和Ｑ４Ｓｉ环境,而Ａ１的结构状态则没有发生任何变化,这与原子力显微阄的观察结果相一致。     

岩湾矿段风化磷矿形成条件及其三种类型

湖北省鹤峰磷矿走马矿区岩湾矿段风化磷矿是湖北境内首次探明的一中型风化磷矿。矿床成因类型有风化残余型、风化淋滤型、洪积型砂磷矿等三类。在时间上 ,风化淋积型矿体位于风化残余型矿体之下 ,是风化残余型的继承发展。在雨水和洪水冲刷下 ,风化残余磷矿在适当的低洼地带堆积成洪积型砂磷矿。对这种风化矿的勘探应因地制宜 ,灵活运用。对岩湾矿段风化磷矿的成因探讨和勘探研究为东山峰寻找和勘探类似风化磷矿积累了经验。     

中国南方二叠纪层序岩相古地理特征及演化

在层序地层研究基础上,以沉积体系域和相关界面为编图单元,采用体系域压缩法和瞬时作图法,以油气勘探为目标,有针对性的编制了中国南方二叠纪11张层序岩相古地理图。在此基础上,全面系统地阐述了该区二叠纪层序岩相古地理特征及演化。结果表明,中国南方二叠纪层序古地理演化具有明显的继承性、不均一性、阶段性、方向性和同步性。与传统的岩相古地理图相比,层序岩相古地理图具有动态、精确、等时、成因连续和勘探实用等优点。     

甘肃省石板墩铁矿矿床地质特征及找矿标志

石板墩铁矿位于甘肃省肃北蒙古族自治县南东方向,含矿地层蓟县系花儿地组是一套薄-中厚层浅海环境的碳酸盐岩为主夹碎屑岩的岩石,经区域低温动力变质作用形成低绿片岩相;通过详细地质勘查,已圈定矿体23条,是近年来甘肃省铁矿勘查找矿的一项重大突破.     

辽河流域土壤酸化与作物籽实镉生物效应的地球化学预警

土壤酸化及其引发的生态安全问题是公众广泛关注、全球研究的热点。辽河流域多目标区域地球化学调查结果显示：当土壤中的w(CaO+K2O)≥3.86%时,土壤对酸性沉降物具有缓冲能力;当w(CaO+K₂O)<3.86%时,则土壤对酸性沉降物的缓冲能力显著下降。利用土壤酸化缓冲能力的地球化学预测模型,对全流域土壤酸化的缓冲能力进行了预测,指出辽河流域东部,即营口-鞍山-辽阳-沈阳-抚顺-铁岭-开源的广大区域内既是土壤酸化的脆弱区,也是作物籽实Cd超标的预警区,辽河流域土壤酸化区域将进一步扩大。     

粉石英在蓄电池胶壳中的应用

本文着重介绍了粉石英的工艺矿物特性以及其在蓄电池胶壳中的应用效果,证明了粉石英用作蓄电池胶壳的填料,能够改善混炼工艺、提高产品质量、增加填充量、降低生产成本,是一种理想的橡胶填料。     

粘结式锚杆在爆炸动载下轴向应力分布研究

通过物理模型试验,研究在爆炸动载作用下临近工作面支护锚杆的应力状态。根据相似条件和简化假设,采用集中装药进行工程掏槽爆破模拟,利用粘贴在锚杆上的应变片测得近区端锚和全锚锚杆的轴向应变波。测试结果表明,爆破引起锚杆振动时间约为6 ms,经过9 ms的缓降期锚杆变形趋于稳定值;动载期间端锚锚杆在杆体中部锚固段测得峰值应力比杆体尾部自由段的值大,但相差不大,动载过后尾部的残余应力较大;全锚锚杆在杆体尾部测得的峰值应力和残余应力都远大于杆体中部测得值。利用无限体内一点受法向集中力作用的位移势函数,推导锚固体及周围岩体的轴向应力分布,并计算一定预应力在锚固区产生的附加轴向应力,结合动应力的作用分析锚杆的受力状态     

Study on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin

Studies on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, which is regarded as a key ecological shelter, will contribute to flood control and environmental protection for the Upper Yangtze River Basin. In two typical catchments--the Fujiang River Catchment and the Wujiang River Catchment, rainfall simulations have been conducted to study the rain-runoff processes of yellow soil and limestone soil in three types of land use--forestland, farmland and grassland. Results showed that （1） within the same rainfall process, overland flow occurs first on farmland, then on grassland, and finally on forestland; （2） soil surface coverage has a great impact on the occurrence and amount of overland flow. The runoff amount can increase 2-4 times after the coverage is removed; （3） the infiltration before the occurrence of overland flow will decrease because of higher gravel contents of soil, but it takes no effect on infiltration once overland flow becomes stable; （4） the runoff coefficient of the limestone soil forestland is greater than that of the yellow soil forest land, but less than that of the farmland; （5） three empirical infiltration models, including Horton＇ model, Kostiakov＇ model, and modified Kostiakov＇ model, were compared by using the observed results under rainfall simulation. The results showed that the Kostiakov＇ model performed better than both the Horton＇ model and modified Kostiakov model. According to the results of this research, the Kostiakov＇s model can be used to simulate rainfall infiltration when water erosion is modeled in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin.     

马槽滩磷矿区的矿体形态特征及合理勘查工程间距

马槽滩磷矿区矿体形态复杂,底板起伏不定,多年来勘查工程间距不断改变,因此用多种方法讨论了合理工程间距.探采对比和数理统计学方法求得控制资源量的合理工程间距分别为200m×150m和200m×100m;控制半变异函数的变程亦为200m×100m,均与现行规范相吻合。但沿走向和倾向的变异相同,因此建议用正方形网格进行勘查更为合理,间距为150m×150m。     

Comparison of dissolved and particulate arsenic distributions in shallow aquifers of Chakdaha, India, and Araihazar, Bangladesh

Background  

The origin of the spatial variability of dissolved As concentrations in shallow aquifers of the Bengal Basin remains poorly understood. To address this, we compare here transects of simultaneously-collected groundwater and aquifer solids perpendicular to the banks of the Hooghly River in Chakdaha, India, and the Old Brahmaputra River in Araihazar, Bangladesh.