High- and Ultrahigh-pressure Metamorphism and Retrogressive Textures of Gneiss in the Donghai Area——Evidence from gneisses in drillhole ZK2304

In the gneisses from the drillhole ZK2304 of the Donghai area, there have been preserved high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic mineral assemblages, a series of complicated retrogressive textures and relevant metamorphic reactions. In addition to garnet, jadeititic-clinopyroxene and rutile, other peak stage (M2) minerals in some gneisses include phengite, aragonite and coesite or quartz pseudomorphs after coesite. The typical peak-stage mineral assemblages in gneisses are characterized by garnet + jadeitic-clinopyroxene + rutile + coesite, garnet + jadeitic-clinopyroxene + phengite + rutile ± coesite and garnet + jadeitic-clinopyroxene + aragonite + rutile ± coesite. The grossular content (Gro) in garnet is high and may reach 50. 1 mol%. The SiO2 content of phengite ranges from 54.37% to 54.84% with 3.54-3.57 p.f.u. Quartz pseudomorphs after coesite occur as inclusions in garnet.The gneisses of the Donghai area have been subjected to multistage recrystallization and exhibit a closewise P-T evolution     

柴达木北缘超高压变质带形成与折返的时限及机制

位于青藏高原北缘的祁连山加里东造山带的形成是阿拉善板块、祁连微板块及柴达木一东昆仑板块在加里东期间汇聚和碰撞的结果。祁连微板块和柴达木一东昆仑板块之间的柴(达木)北缘超高压变质带形成于495～440Ma,是继南祁连洋壳向北俯冲于祁连微板块下形成增生的柴北缘火山岛弧带之后,陆壳深俯冲的产物。柴北缘超高压变质带是在祁连微板块及柴达木一东昆仑板块之间的“正向陆内俯冲”向“斜向陆内俯冲”转化过程中“斜向挤出”机制下折返的,开始折返年龄为470～460Ma,最后的折返时间为400～406Ma。折返构造很好地保存在超高压变质岩石中,并且记录了广泛的退变质作用。     

苏北高压变质带绿片岩中石榴石内文石包裹体的发现

苏北高压变质带位于苏鲁超高压变质带东南缘,露头多为绿片岩相的中—晚元古代云台岩群,典型的蓝片岩仅见于灌云县杨集的钻孔岩心中。本文通过拉曼光谱研究,在连云港地区的绿片岩内石榴石中发现文石(CaCO3)包裹体。文石呈细小包裹体残留于细粒半自形石榴石斑晶中。这些石榴石作为低扩散的刚性矿物,经历了多期变质变形作用,变质反应证据保存在石榴石的成分环带及包体矿物组合中。文石包裹体的存在证明苏北高压变质带北部的、即本区出露的这套岩系是早期经历了高压变质作用、晚期又叠加了绿片岩相变质作用的高压变质地体。     

The Bangong Lake ophiolite (NW Tibet) and its bearing on the tectonic evolution of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone

The Jurassic Bangong Lake ophiolite, NW Tibet, is a key element within the western part of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, which marks the boundary between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks. It is a tectonic mélange consisting of numerous blocks of peridotite, mafic lavas and dikes. The mantle peridotites include both clinopyroxene-bearing and clinopyroxene-free harzburgites. The Cpx-bearing harzburgite contains Al-rich spinel with low Cr#s (20–25), resembling peridotites formed in mid-ocean ridge settings. On the other hand, the Cpx-free harzburgite is highly depleted with Cr-rich spinel (Cr# = 69–73), typical of peridotites formed in subduction zone environments. Mafic rocks include lavas of N-MORB and E-MORB affinity and boninites. The N-MORB rocks consist of pillow lavas and mafic dikes, whereas the E-MORB rocks are brecciated basalts. The boninites have high SiO₂ (53.2–57.9 wt%), MgO (6.5–12.5 wt%), Cr (166–752 ppm) and Ni (63–213 ppm) and low TiO₂ (0.22–0.37 wt%) and Y (5.34–8.10 ppm), and are characterized by having U-shaped, chondrite-normalized REE patterns. The N-MORB and E-MORB lavas probably formed by different degrees of partial melting of primitive mantle, whereas the boninites reflect partial melting of depleted peridotite in a suprasubduction zone environment. The geochemistry of the ophiolite suggests that it is a fragment of oceanic lithosphere formed originally at a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) and then trapped above an intraoceanic subduction zone (SSZ), where the mantle peridotites were modified by boninitic melts. The Bangong–Nujiang suture zone is believed to mark the boundary between two blocks within Gondwanaland rather than to separate Gondwanaland from Eurasia.     

新疆西昆仑塔什库尔干地区珈玛勒厄格勒中酸性侵入岩体及其大地构造意义

新疆西昆仑塔什库尔干地区珈玛勒厄格勒侵入岩体位于塔里木板块西南缘,喀喇昆仑大陆边缘的东北缘,主要由形成于晚寒武世至早奥陶世的钙碱性二长花岗岩系列和碱性花岗岩系列组成。依据珈玛勒厄格勒中酸性侵入岩体的岩石学和地球化学特征,讨论了该侵入岩体的成因、构造环境和与其相关的板块间地球动力学模式,表明该侵入岩体属二长花岗岩-花岗岩（MG-G）组合,且岩体演化过程中存在壳源重熔的高Sr、高Zr、低Rb的偏中性花岗质岩浆混入;该岩体主要为I型花岗岩,形成于板块俯冲碰撞背景下的大陆弧后拉张盆地环境;根据岩浆演化的物理环境和构造环境,推测该侵入岩体的形成与库地洋壳向塔里木古地块俯冲密切相关,表明库地洋已消亡,形成弧后扩张花岗岩,指示塔里木古地块和柴达木古陆块已发生陆-陆碰撞。     

柴达木盆地北缘早古生代高压——超高压变质带中发现典型超高压矿物——柯石英

从都兰北带榴辉岩的片麻岩围岩的锆石中发现了柯石英包裹体和石墨包裹体，说明该超高压带的峰期变质作用已达柯石英稳定区间（＞2.8GPa）但小于金刚石的稳定区间（＜3.5GPa），从而确定柴达木盆地北缘存在早古生代超高压变质作用和陆－陆碰撞作用，为中国中部存在一条横贯东西的早古生代（大致500－400Ma）高压超高压变质带的推断提供了新的关键性证据。     

苏鲁地体超高压和退变质时代的厘定:来自片麻岩锆石微区SHRIMP U-Pb定年的证据

锆石微区矿物包体的激光拉曼和阴极发光测试以及相应的SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,苏鲁地体片麻岩锆石微区记录了十分复杂的年代学信息。其中副片麻岩锆石核部记录了345～743 Ma的继承性锆石年龄,标志着原岩碎屑锆石来源的复杂性;含柯石英的锆石微区记录了220～234 Ma的超高压变质年龄;而含石英包体的边部则记录了202～219 Ma的退变质年龄。正片麻岩继承性锆石核部所记录的年龄为574～680 Ma,表明原岩锆石曾经历了部分Pb丢失,原岩的形成年龄应大于680 Ma;含柯石英锆石微区所记录的超高压变质年龄为224～242 Ma;而锆石边部所记录的退变质年龄为209～219 Ma。两类片麻岩锆石微区所隐藏的超高压变质和退变质年龄信息十分相近,平均值分别为229±4Ma和211±4Ma,标志着苏鲁地体超高压变质时代应为印支期,相应的构造抬升速率约5.6 km/Ma。该项成果不仅确定了苏鲁地体超高压变质和退变质时代,而且对于深入探讨苏鲁地体快速折返过程中的动力学机制有着重要的科学意义。     

拉萨地体内松多榴辉岩的同碰撞折返:来自构造变形和40Ar-39Ar年代学的证据

松多地区的区域构造变形与糜棱质白云母石英片岩和绿片岩的白云母单矿物40Ar-39Ar年代学测试表明拉萨地体内的松多地区于220～240 Ma经历过印支期碰撞造山事件.这次造山事件为晚二叠世松多榴辉岩带代表的古特提斯洋盆消失闭合之后北拉萨地体与南冈瓦那大陆碰撞的结果.该区榴辉岩与退变榴辉岩白云母和角闪石的40Ar-39A...     

秦岭发现金刚石:横贯中国中部巨型超高压变质带新证据及古生代和中生代两期深俯冲作用的识别

在秦岭北带榴辉岩及其围岩片麻岩的锆石中发现金刚石和大量石墨包裹体。金刚石具典型的1331～1334cm~(-1)拉曼谱峰。变质金刚石的发现证明秦岭北带榴辉岩及其围岩片麻岩经历了超高压变质作用,其俯冲深度>120 km。片麻岩锆石的SHRIMP定年表明,锆石核部代表岩浆事件的年龄或之前的残核年龄为1200～1800 Ma,超高压变质新增生边部的年龄为507±38 Ma,属早古生代。认为北秦岭超高压变质带与印支期大别超高压变质带(240～200 Ma)是时空上两个带。北秦岭超高压变质带向西可以与南阿尔金—柴北缘早古生代(490～440Ma)超高压变质带相连,向东与大别西北部的熊店和浒湾早古生代榴辉岩(420～400 Ma)相连,组成一条沿中央造山带北部分布的加里东期超高压变质带。认为主要分布在大别山南部的印支期超高压变质带应与南秦岭的高压蓝片岩带相连,组成一条分布在中央造山带南部的印支期高压超高压变质带。北秦岭超高压变质带的发现,为中央造山带存在一条西起阿尔金,东至苏鲁的近4000 km的世界上最大的一条超高压变质带的确定提供了新的关键性证据。而沿中央造山带分布的两条超高压变质带说明:①中国南北大陆在早古生代就已拼接在一起,其后,又有印支期的俯冲和碰撞叠加,加里东期超高压变质带主要分布在北部,后者在南部,两者时     

Ultrahigh-pressure texture inheritance during retrogression: Evidence from magnetofabrics in eclogites and ultramafic rocks (Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project)

In order to contribute to a better understanding of exhumation related retrogression processes ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) in the Maobei eclogite body of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt in eastern China were studied for their magnetofabrics. Variably retrogressed eclogites and serpentinized ultramafic rocks were retrieved from the depth interval of 100 to 1000 m of the borehole. A vein network of irregular shaped veins with a retrograde metamorphic assemblage cuts across the eclogite foliation at both low and high angles. SEM imaging of the eclogites documents that magnetite associated with retrograde pargasitic amphiboles developed around shape-preferred garnet. SEM imaging of the serpentinized ultramafic rocks documents that magnetite rims grew around shape-preferred garnet and that magnetite formed within a mesh texture related to serpentinization. Syn-serpentinization magnetite growth increased bulk susceptibilities, but reduced anisotropy. Maximum susceptibility axes from both eclogites and serpentinized garnet-peridotites trend N-S, i.e. parallel with the stretching lineation as defined by olivine and omphacite grains. This implies that the magnetic fabric mimics the UHP fabric and survived retrogression and that the fabric is inherited from the UHP stage. As a consequence, retrogression was not associated with substantial ductile deformation and the mafic-ultramafic Maobei body behaved as a rigid body within a ductile deforming quartzo-feldspathic matrix during exhumation. Internal strain is restricted to brittle fracturing, associated fluid circulation and vein formation facilitating retrograde reactions in the mafic-ultramafic rocks.