松辽盆地长垣以西高台子油层沉积特征与油气分布规律

应用高分辨率层序地层学理论,通过对各级基准面旋回的沉积动力学分析,依据25口井岩芯和596口井测井、录井及分析化验资料,把松辽盆地长垣以西地区高台子油层划分为1个长期基准面旋回、5个中期基准面旋回、13个短期基准面旋回,提出了高台子油层北、西部为同沉积构造抬升控制的顶部缺失的层序地层新格架.对储层沉积特征进行精细研究,...     

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗世植物群特征及古生态、古气候研究

本文对甘肃宝积山盆地窑街组植物大化石进行了系统研究,经鉴定共有19属50种,结合已有的宝积山盆地中侏罗世植物化石资料,发现甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗世植物群由27属73种组成。其中,银杏类植物10属30种,真蕨类植物5属26种,松柏类植物5属6种,楔叶类植物3属5种,苏铁类植物2属4种,裸子植物球果和种子化石2属2种。基于当前植物群组成特征,对植物化石埋藏学特性进行分析,确定植物化石主要为原地埋藏或亚原地埋藏,少数属种为异地埋藏,并通过对化石类群古生态特征进行分析,结合现生植物的生存环境,初步重建了宝积山盆地中侏罗世植物群落,划分为四个植物群落:岸边—湿地楔叶类植物群落、低地蕨类—苏铁类植物群落、坡地银杏类植物群落和高地松柏类植物群落。通过对植物群组成特征和植物化石叶相特征的统计分析,并与其他气候带植物群特征进行对比,推断中侏罗世时期甘肃宝积山盆地为温暖潮湿的暖温带气候。     

台湾海峡及两岸发震断裂的对比研究

对比研究了台湾海峡西岸福建沿海北东向龙海角美 -白云山断裂、台湾海峡北东向平潭牛山岛 -东山兄弟屿断裂和台湾海峡东岸台湾岛北东向中央山脉等断裂晚更新世以来的活动性及其与地震的关系。结果表明 ,作为欧亚大陆板块与太平洋菲律宾海板块的边界断裂之一的中央山脉断裂第四纪以来乃至现今仍具有强烈的活动 ,因而发生了 4次M≥ 7地震 ;作为台湾海峡沉降带与福建武夷 -戴云复式隆起的边界断裂的平潭牛山岛 -东山兄弟屿断裂全新世晚期 (2 5 0 0a以来 )仍具有强烈的活动 ,从而发生了 3次M≥ 7地震 ;作为北东向长乐 -诏安断裂带西界断裂组成部分的龙海角美 -白云山断裂晚更新世期间具有强烈的活动 ,因而发生了 5次M =5～ 6 地震     

RTK和普通相机自主绝对定向的碎部测图方法

针对近景摄影测量影像立体测图中需要物方控制点并对其分布要求高,以及GPS RTK碎部测图无法解决GPS信号不佳处的测量问题,提出一种将GPS RTK和普通相机相结合的联合碎部测图技术。利用GPS RTK与近景相机相对位置关系及GPS RTK三维坐标来计算相机摄站坐标,降低了测量过程中获取拍摄中心位置信息的难度;利用相邻像对中GPS RTK标靶中心像点坐标,对相邻像对进行绝对定向,有效避免了测量过程中对控制点的依赖性。实验结果表明:该技术碎步点测量精度优于10cm,可用于GPS信号遮挡区域的城市大比例碎部测图,并较传统的碎部测图具有更高的效率,具有广阔应用前景。     

Reduced ARAIM monitoring subset method based on satellites in different orbital planes

With the development of the Global Navigation Satellite System, the increased number of satellites has resulted in more fault hypothesis situations and subset solutions. This situation represents a new challenge for advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (ARAIM) in terms of the computational load. To efficiently detect faults and reduce the computational load, a method based on the association between satellite features in the same orbital plane is proposed. This approach first tests subsets that exclude entire constellations to narrow the search range for faults. Next, we evaluate multiple-fault cases directly by utilizing the subsets that exclude entire orbit satellites. Compared with the baseline Multiple Hypothesis Solution Separation (MHSS) method, our method can clearly reduce the number of subsets and the computational time under a typical multi-constellation situation while satisfying the localizer precision vertical 200 performance requirement, i.e., the guidance supports approach operations down to 200-foot altitudes. Furthermore, the experimental results illustrate that the number of subsets is reduced at most by two orders of magnitude, from 1330 to 87, and the computational time is decreased by 66.6%. The effective monitoring threshold and the fault-free 10^?7 error bound on the accuracy of our method are much closer to those of the baseline MHSS method, and the usability coverage of both methods reaches 100%. This study verifies that the monitoring subsets and the calculation time for ARAIM are dramatically reduced by the new method.     

Air Temperature Estimation with MODIS Data over the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Time series of MODIS land surface temperature(T_s) and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) products,combined with digital elevation model(DEM) and meteorological data from 2001 to 2012,were used to map the spatial distribution of monthly mean air temperature over the Northern Tibetan Plateau(NTP). A time series analysis and a regression analysis of monthly mean land surface temperature(T_s) and air temperature(T_a) were conducted using ordinary linear regression(OLR) and geographical weighted regression(GWR). The analyses showed that GWR,which considers MODIS T_s,NDVI and elevation as independent variables,yielded much better results [R_(Adj)~2 0.79; root-mean-square error(RMSE) =0.51℃–1.12℃] associated with estimating T_a compared to those from OLR(R_(Adj)~2= 0.40-0.78; RMSE = 1.60℃–4.38℃).In addition,some characteristics of the spatial distribution of monthly T_a and the difference between the surface and air temperature(T_d) are as follows. According to the analysis of the 0℃ and 10℃ isothermals,T_a values over the NTP at elevations of 4000–5000 m were greater than 10℃ in the summer(from May to October),and T_a values at an elevation of3200 m dropped below 0℃ in the winter(from November to April). T_a exhibited an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. Except in the southeastern area of the NTP,T d values in other areas were all larger than 0℃ in the winter.     

极地微陨石的收集、研究与设想

微陨石对于人类研究地外环境和太阳系的演化而言,具有极其重要的意义。20世纪40年代开始,微陨石的收集便成了国际上的热点。尤其是80年代后,通过在南北两极开展微陨石收集,产出了大量的科学成果。我国的微陨石研究主要集中在20世纪80—90年代,而后便处于停滞的状态。本文简要介绍了各国在极地微陨石方面取得的成果,基于我国陨石和微陨石的研究现状,对我国开展极地微陨石研究提出了几点设想和规划。     

小黑山岛潮下水生层生境适宜性分析-以毛蚶为例

以小黑山岛潮下水生层为研究区域,利用生境适宜性指数（habitat suitability index,HSI）模型,同时结合GIS空间分析,选划出适宜毛蚶的增殖修复区域。综合文献查阅和咨询专家咨询的方式,确定影响毛蚶生存的7个重要影响因子,分别为：底质类型,水温,盐度,溶解氧,水深,pH和氨氮。结合专家赋值法和层次分析法确定每个评价因子的权重,利用GIS空间分析模块将现状调查数据进行插值、重分类和栅格计算,绘制研究区域目标种群生境适宜性地图。结果表明：对于刺参和紫贻贝,研究区域均适宜其生长繁殖,同一物种,相同季节在空间上无站位差异,但各季节的生境适宜性分区变化明显;对于魁蚶来说,东北部海域较适宜增殖,其次为西部海域,四季均以较适宜生境为主,仅冬季出现基本适宜生境。水温是造成季节差异的主要因素,底质类型则是引起生境站位差异的重要原因。可为后续的生物多样性保育和生态修复提供基础资料参考。     

Effects of aluminum toxicity induced by acid deposition on pine forest ecosystem in Longli of Guizhou Province,Southwestern China

The effects of acid deposition on pine forest ecosystems in Longli of Guizhou Province, southwestern China are studied using indoor experiments and model simulations. Indoor experiments are designed to explore the aluminum toxicity on pine seedlings, and the long-term soil acidification model（LTSAM） and a terrestrial biogeochemistry model（CENTURY） are used to simulate the influences of acid deposition on pine forest ecosystems. The indoor experiment results of aluminum toxicity show that aluminum ions in solution limit plant growth and acid deposition enhances this effect by facilitating the release of aluminum ions from the soil. Pine seedling biomass and root elongation decrease as the aluminum concentration increases. The results of model simulations show that the soil chemistry varies significantly with different changes in acid deposition. When the acid deposition increases, the pH value in the soil solution decreases and the soil Al³⁺ concentration increases. The increased acid deposition also has negative impacts on the forest ecosystem, i.e., decreases plant biomass, net primary productivity（NPP） and net CO₂ uptake. As a result, the soil organic carbon（SOC） decreases because of the limited supply of decomposition material. Thus acid deposition need be reduced to help protect the forest ecosystems.