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751.
夏季北冰洋无冰海域次表层暖水结构的形成机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在夏季北冰洋的无冰海域,经常可以观测到次表层暖水现象,即在水深20~50m的范围内发生海水温度的极大值。建立了一个一维的热力学解析模式,用于研究夏季北冰洋次表层暖水的形成机制。模式的计算结果表明,太阳辐射作用是形成次表层暖水的关键因素。在北冰洋的开阔水域,大气吸收海洋热量的过程导致了海面温度下降,使温度极大值出现在次表层。海洋垂向湍流热扩散对次表层暖水温度有显著影响;当湍流热扩散较弱时,热扩散的范围较小,有利于形成次表层暖水。次表层暖水的位置随着时间的推移不断加深,温度不断增高。在北极,大气温度低于海面温度是普遍现象,次表层暖水经常发生。虽然当海面气温发生变化时,次表层海水温度结构会发生相应的变化,但次表层暖水结构形成之后,如果不受强烈天气过程的破坏,则会一直存在下去。按照本文的结论,随着北极气候变暖,海冰将进一步减少,次表层暖水现象还会明显增加,海洋对气候变化将有更加强烈的响应和反馈,对全球气候变化产生意义深远的影响。 相似文献
752.
西藏枪勇冰川冰下富碎屑化学沉淀特征与冰下过程 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
西藏枪勇冰川是我国现代大陆性冰川之一,在其外缘冰床背冰面的基岩表面和节理裂隙中发现了富碎屑化学沉淀,为研究冰岩界面的物理、化学过程提供了良好载体。对该区富碎屑化学沉淀理化特征的研究表明:枪勇冰川冰下存在压力融水,冰下碎屑,特别是陆源气溶胶粉尘来源的碎屑,能与融水及其中溶解的CO2发生化学反应,释放出Ca++;Ca++随融水向下游方向迁移,在冰床背冰面,由于上覆压力减小,融水中的CO2逸出并发生复冰作用,使融水中的Ca++重新富集,形成CaCO3沉淀,并将融水中的粉砂粘粒碎屑胶结,形成富碎屑化学沉淀;枪勇冰川冰下融水的存在,证明其冰下存在温度接近融点的融区,有类似于温性冰川的滑动过程。 相似文献
753.
754.
Effects of rock fragment cover on hydrological processes under rainfall simulation in a semi‐arid region of China
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Rock fragment cover has long been an important agricultural crop production technique on the Loess Plateau, China. Although this approach plays an important role in controlling hydrological processes and preventing soil erosion, inconsistent results have been recovered in this field. In this study, we investigated the effects of rock fragment cover on infiltration, run‐off, soil erosion, and hydraulic parameters using rainfall simulation in the field in a semi‐arid region of China. Two field plots encompassing 6 rock fragment coverages (0%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 40%), as well as 2 rock fragment positions and sizes were exposed to rainfall at a particular intensity (60 mm h?1). The results of this study showed that increasing the rock fragment coverage with rock fragments resting on the soil surface increased infiltration but decreased run‐off generation and sediment yield. A contrasting result was found, however, when rock fragments were partially embedded into the soil surface; in this case, a positive relationship between rock fragment coverage and run‐off rate as well as a nonmonotonic relationship with respect to soil loss rate was recovered. The size of rock fragments also exerted a positive effect on run‐off generation and sediment yield but had a negative effect on infiltration. At the same time, both mean flow velocity and Froude number decreased with increasing rock fragment coverage regardless of rock fragment position and size, whereas both Manning roughness and Darcy–Weisbach friction factor were positively correlated. Results show that stream power is the most sensitive hydraulic parameter affecting soil loss. Combined with variance analysis, we concluded that the order of significance of rock fragment cover variables was position followed by coverage and then size. We also quantitatively incorporated the effects of rock fragment cover on soil loss via the C and K factors in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. Overall, this study will enable the development of more accurate modelling approaches and lead to a better understanding of hydrological processes under rock fragment cover conditions. 相似文献
755.
756.
甘翠 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(8):139-141,145
主要研究将ArcGIS强大的图形、属性数据组织和管理能力与CityEngine基于CGA规则的建模思想相结合,进行大面积三维场景的自动化精细建模,高效实现三维可视化.不但能够实现GIS数据中各种属性的快速、自动建模,还能实时修改规则,调整模型显示,降低了三维GIS建模的成本,缩短了三维建模的周期,同时也扩展了参数化精细建模的应用领域. 相似文献
757.
Suofei Xiong Mouchun He Shuzhen Yao Yubao Cui Guanzhong Shi Zhenju Ding Xinlu Hu 《Geological Journal》2015,50(6):720-738
The Chalukou giant Mo deposit in the Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China, is a porphyry deposit hosted in an intermediate‐felsic complex surrounded by Mesozoic volcano–sedimentary rocks. The mineralization process is composed of four stages, including quartz + K‐feldspar (Stage I), quartz + molybdenite (Stage II), pyrite + chalcopyrite + quartz ± other sulphides (Stage III) and carbonate ± fluorite ± quartz (Stage IV). The mineralization is generally associated with intense K‐feldspar‐, fluorite‐, phyllic‐ and propylitic alteration. Primary fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz include four compositional types, i.e. pure carbonic (PC‐type), aqueous‐carbonic (C‐type), daughter mineral‐bearing (S‐type) and aqueous (W‐type) inclusions. Halite, sylvite and hematite are recognized as the daughter minerals in Stage I S‐type FIs, whereas molybdenite and chalcopyrite occur as daughter minerals in Stage II S‐type FIs. High‐salinity and high pressure (>220 MPa) FIs exist in Stage I quartz veins, characterized by homogenization through halite dissolution at temperatures of 324 to 517 °C. The paucity of coexisting vapour‐rich FIs with similar homogenization temperatures at this stage indicates that the initial S‐type inclusions have directly exsolved from the magma rather than boiling off of a low‐salinity vapour. Stage I quartz has captured the C‐ and W‐type FIs, which have totally homogenized at 270–530 °C with salinities of 1.6–17.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. At Stage II, the coexistence of all FI types were only observed at pressures of 150–218 MPa and temperatures of 352–375 °C, with two salinity clusters of 0.9–16.6 wt.% NaCl equiv. and 37–56 wt.% NaCl equiv. Stage III quartz contains W‐type FIs with homogenization temperatures of 158–365 °C, salinities of 0.5–9.0 wt.% NaCl equiv., and minimum pressures of 12–116 MPa; whilst Stage IV fluorite or calcite only contains W‐type FIs with homogenization temperatures of 121–287 °C, salinities of 0.5–5.3 wt.% NaCl equiv., and minimum pressures of 10–98 MPa. The estimated trapping pressure from Stages II to III suggests an alternating lithostatic–hydrostatic fluid‐system caused by fluid boiling. Ore fluids at the Chalukou Mo deposit may have been evolved from a CO2‐rich, high‐salinity, and high‐oxygen fugacity (fO2) magma system, to a CO2‐poor, low‐salinity, and low‐fO2 epithermal system. Two key points may have contributed to the formation of the Chalukou giant Mo deposit: The magmatic origin and fluid boiling that has resulted in decompression and rapid precipitation of metals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
758.
Dai Jie Tang Hongzhi Li Xuegong Santini Claire-Lise Cui Wenpeng Liu Na Qi Xiaoqing Cui Xuehua Grossi Alain Notareschi Philippe Zhang Wei-Jia Wu Long-Fei 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,39(1):297-305
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Resazurin (RZ) is a weakly fluorescent blue dye and can be reduced irreversibly to highly fluorescent pink resorufin (RF) that is reduced reversibly to... 相似文献
759.
高光谱图像分类是遥感领域中一个具有挑战性的问题。基于深度学习框架的高光谱图像分类方法,由于其良好的分类性能受到了越来越多的关注。然而,这些方法普遍存在的问题为:模型的训练不仅需要大量的时间,而且还需要大量的标签样本。针对此问题,本文提出了一种基于超像素图卷积网络的高光谱图像分类方法。该方法以超像素作为图的节点,极大地减小了图的规模,从而提高了分类效率;提出的超像素合并技术能有效地融合光谱-空间信息,增强了空间信息在分类中的作用;为了验证该方法的有效性,在Indian Pines、Pavia University两个实际数据集上进行试验,并与一些先进的基于深度学习框架的高光谱图像分类方法进行比较。结果表明,本文方法在分类精度和分类效率上均优于其他方法。 相似文献
760.
南极冰盖物质收支与不稳定性对全球气候变化和海平面升高有着重要影响,而冰盖厚度和冰下地形则是研究南极冰盖的物质平衡、动力及不稳定性极为重要的参数。自20世纪50年代以来,国际上针对南极冰盖开展了大量的冰雷达以及重、磁测量,这些测量结果被汇集并形成冰厚和冰下地形数据库,进而服务于冰盖模式和地球系统研究,最新推出的成果便是BEDMAP 2(Bedrock Mapping Project 2)。首先介绍了BEDMAP 2的数据来源、结构以及数据处理,并讨论了数据的质量评价,然后分析了BEDMAP 2中展示的整个南极冰盖与冰下地形及其特点。最后,对于BEDMAP 2对中国在南极冰盖考察和研究方面的作用进行了一些讨论与展望。 相似文献