基于镉污染风险的湖南省龙山县百合种植区安全区划

湖南省龙山县作为我国重要的百合生产基地县之一,其土壤却存在一定程度的镉（Cd）污染风险。同时,百合作为一种食药同源的植物,其食用和药用的质量安全标准不一致。因此,在龙山县提出百合种植区安全区划具有重要意义。笔者等在龙山县耕地采集326件表层土壤样品和70件百合样品（配套根系土样）,在分析土壤及百合中Cd的含量和土壤中氧化物、有机质、pH等指标的基础上,探讨Cd生物有效性的影响因素,并据此建立百合Cd生物富集系数预测模型,结合土地质量地球化学调查数据预测耕地的百合Cd含量,给出百合种植区安全区划及建议。结果表明,研究区土壤存在Cd污染风险,百合具有质量安全问题。研究区Cd的生物有效性受到土壤CaO、S、P、K2O含量和土壤pH的共同影响。与多元线性回归模型相比,随机森林模型能够更好地预测百合Cd生物富集系数。百合种植区安全区划显示,研究区食用百合优先种植区、药用百合优先种植区、药用百合次级种植区、结构调整种植区面积占比分别为1. 49%、92. 71%、2. 88%、2. 92%,建议大力开发药用百合农产品。该研究成果将Cd污染风险耕地的安全利用与食药同源农产品的质量安全有效衔接,完善了受污染耕地安全利用的工作方法,为推动龙山县百合产业发展提供了科学依据。     

基于镉污染风险的湖南省龙山县百合种植区安全区划

湖南省龙山县作为我国重要的百合生产基地县之一,其土壤却存在一定程度的镉(Cd)污染风险。同时,百合作为一种食药同源的植物,其食用和药用的质量安全标准不一致。因此,在龙山县提出百合种植区安全区划具有重要意义。笔者等在龙山县耕地采集326件表层土壤样品和70件百合样品(配套根系土样),在分析土壤及百合中Cd的含量和土壤中氧化物、有机质、pH等指标的基础上,探讨Cd生物有效性的影响因素,并据此建立百合Cd生物富集系数预测模型,结合土地质量地球化学调查数据预测耕地的百合Cd含量,给出百合种植区安全区划及建议。结果表明,研究区土壤存在Cd污染风险,百合具有质量安全问题。研究区Cd的生物有效性受到土壤CaO、S、P、K₂O含量和土壤pH的共同影响。与多元线性回归模型相比,随机森林模型能够更好地预测百合Cd生物富集系数。百合种植区安全区划显示,研究区食用百合优先种植区、药用百合优先种植区、药用百合次级种植区、结构调整种植区面积占比分别为1.49%、92.71%、2.88%、2.92%,建议大力开发药用百合农产品。该研究成果将Cd污染风险耕地的安全利用与食药同源农产品的质量安全有...     

Under the surface: Pressure-induced planetary-scale waves,volcanic lightning,and gaseous clouds caused by the submarine eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano

We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached—at 58 ?km—the Earth's mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods of phreatoplinian activity, and they correlated well with the infrasound pressure waveform recorded in Fiji. Gravity wave signals were strong enough to be observed over the entire planet in just the first few hours, with some circling the Earth multiple times subsequently. These large-amplitude, long-wavelength atmospheric disturbances come from the Earth's atmosphere being forced by the magmatic mixture of tephra, melt and gasses emitted by the unsteady but quasi-continuous eruption from 0402±1–1800 UTC on January 15, 2022. Atmospheric forcing lasted much longer than rupturing from large earthquakes recorded on modern instruments, producing a type of shock wave that originated from the interaction between compressed air and ambient (wavy) sea surface. This scenario differs from conventional ideas of earthquake slip, landslides, or caldera collapse-generated tsunami waves because of the enormous (～1000x) volumetric change due to the supercritical nature of volatiles associated with the hot, volatile-rich phreatoplinian plume. The time series of plume altitude can be translated to volumetric discharge and mass flow rate. For an eruption duration of ～12 ?h, the eruptive volume and mass are estimated at 1.9 ?km³ and ～2 900 ?Tg, respectively, corresponding to a VEI of 5–6 for this event. The high frequency and intensity of lightning was enhanced by the production of fine ash due to magma—seawater interaction with concomitant high charge per unit mass and the high pre-eruptive concentration of dissolved volatiles. Analysis of lightning flash frequencies provides a rapid metric for plume activity and eruption magnitude. Many aspects of this eruption await further investigation by multidisciplinary teams. It represents a unique opportunity for fundamental research regarding the complex, non-linear behavior of high energetic volcanic eruptions and attendant phenomena, with critical implications for hazard mitigation, volcano forecasting, and first-response efforts in future disasters.     

Melut盆地富含CO2油气藏的成因及期次

Palogue油田的发现打开了Melut盆地古近系勘探新方向,证实了北部凹陷为富油气凹陷.Palogue油田具有以下白垩统为主力烃源岩,古近系为主力成藏组合的跨时代运聚风格,幔源CO₂气体对油气的聚集和改造具有不可忽略的作用.通过对CO₂气体、原油特征、生标特征、包裹体特征进行研究,结合地层埋藏史,分析油气特征及成藏期次.结果表明:Palogue油田具有两期成藏的特征,古近纪中期发生第1期油气成藏事件,随后原油被降解;古近纪晚期-新近纪以来,伴随幔源CO₂气体油气发生第2次运移充注事件,且CO₂气体对油藏进行了强烈的气洗作用.      

Study on Rationality of Large Diameter Pressure Relief Drilling Parameters Under Different Coal Seam Conditions

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - To study the influence of changes in the coal seam mechanical characteristics at depth on the stress relief effect of a borehole, this paper established...     

基于机器学习的表层土壤成矿元素空间预测: 以稀有金属铷元素为例

近些年随着土地质量地球化学调查工作的开展,获取了大量表层土壤样品数据。然而,这些数据也存在一个明显的缺陷,即1∶50 000大比例尺表层土壤数据往往缺少成矿元素。鉴于土壤成矿元素含量对于矿产资源勘查的重要指示作用,尝试基于现有数据对大比例尺表层土壤成矿元素含量提供一个补全方案。以稀有金属铷元素为例,采用随机森林算法把同一区域2 548组1∶250 000小比例尺表层土壤数据按照8∶2的比例随机分为两组,用80%的数据进行训练建模,20%的数据对模型进行验证。采用变量重要性度量排序和构建学习曲线的组合方法优选了8种元素(K、B、Ni、V、Zn、As、Co、Cu)作为预测变量,模型对训练数据和测试数据的拟合优度R²分别达到0.983 2和0.895 6,说明预测变量的优选方法是有效的。随后将1∶50 000表层土壤的上述预测变量数据作为输入变量导入模型中,得到预测的Rb元素含量,预测结果比较符合实际特征。本研究表明将大数据机器学习随机森林算法引入表层土壤地球化学元素含量空间定量预测具有可行性,可进一步拓展土地质量地球化学数据的服务应用维度。     

High pressure equation of state for molten CaCO3 from first principles simulations

Carbonate melts are important active metasomatic agents and efficient transport agents; their thermodynamic properties at high temperatures and pressures are therefore of considerable interest for various geochemica applications. However, due to the extreme challenges in relevant experiments, current knowledge of even the density of carbonate melts is limited. In this study, we provide high quality volumetric data of Ca CO3-melt from firs principles at high temperatures and pressures(up to3,500 K and 60 GPa). The accuracy of these data is demonstrated through comprehensive comparison with available experimental data and a thorough discussion of the predictability of the re-scaling method proposed in this study. Based on the simulations, an equation of state has been established that is critical to relevant highly disputed questions such as the decomposition and solidification boundaries of Ca CO3 melts, the latter of which is briefly discussed in this study with a newly derived ab initio melting curve to high pressures.     

Recent Activity of the Badu-Longwei Segment, Guguan-Xiangong Fault in Southern Liupanshan, Constrained by Rhythmic Sediment Lithology and Geomorphic Characteristics

This study's objective was to investigate the Guguan-Xiangong Fault, which lies in the southern Liupanshan area, through satellite image interpretation and field observations. Guguan-Xiangong Fault is divided into five subsegments; among these, the Badu-Longwei segment has been the most recently active. The geomorphic features of the Badu-Longwei segment are clearly displayed, including multiple high fault scarps with fresh bedrock free faces. There is significant evidence for Holocene activity of the three fault sections, located in Renhuashu, Tianjiagou, and Xinjiecun respectively. The three sections feature distinct episodic deposition and fault scratches. Based on 14 Cdating and field observations on the three fault sections, two or more paleoearthquakes across the Badu-Longwei fault segment are ascertained, between 5874±116 and 5430±140 a BP, and after 2037±83 a BP respectively. The Badu-Longwei segment of the Guguan-Xiangong Fault is preliminarily extrapolated as the seismogenic structure of the 600 A.D. Qin-Long earthquake.     

Dynamical downscaling simulation and projection for mean and extreme temperature and precipitation over central Asia

Climate Dynamics - As a typical arid and semi-arid area, central Asia (CA) has scarce water resources and fragile ecosystems that are particularly sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. In...     

Artificial Martian frozen orbits and Sun-Synchronous orbits using continuous low-thrust control

This paper analyses three types of artificial orbits around Mars pushed by continuous low-thrust control: artificial frozen orbits, artificial Sun-Synchronous orbits and artificial Sun-Synchronous frozen orbits. These artificial orbits have similar characteristics to natural frozen orbits and Sun-Synchronous orbits, and their orbital parameters can be selected arbitrarily by using continuous low-thrust control. One control strategy to achieve the artificial frozen orbit is using both the transverse and radial continuous low-thrust control, and another to achieve the artificial Sun-Synchronous orbit is using the normal continuous low-thrust control. These continuous low-thrust control strategies consider J ₂, J ₃, and J ₄ perturbations of Mars. It is proved that both control strategies can minimize characteristic velocity. Relevant formulas are derived, and numerical results are presented. Given the same initial orbital parameters, the control acceleration and characteristic velocity taking into account J ₂, J ₃, and J ₄ perturbations are similar to those taking into account J ₂ perturbations for both Mars and the Earth. The control thrust of the orbit around Mars is smaller than that around the Earth. The magnitude of the control acceleration of ASFOM-4 (named as Artificial Sun-Synchronous Frozen Orbit Method 4) is the lowest among these strategies and the characteristic velocity within one orbital period is only 0.5219 m/s for the artificial Sun-Synchronous frozen orbit around Mars. It is evident that the relationship among the control thrusts and the primary orbital parameters of Martian artificial orbits is always similar to that of the Earth. Simulation shows that the control scheme extends the orbital parameters’ selection range of three types of orbits around Mars, compared with the natural frozen orbit and Sun-Synchronous orbit.