Evaluation of reanalysis surface wind products with quality-assured buoy wind measurements along the north coast of the South China Sea

Three archived reanalysis wind vectors at 10 m height in the wind speed range of 2–15 m/s, namely, the second version of the National Centres for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSv2), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Interim Reanalysis(ERA-I) and NCEPDepartment of Energy(DOE) Reanalysis 2(NCEP-2) products, are evaluated by a comparison with the winds measured by moored buoys in coastal regions of the South China Sea(SCS). The buoy data are first quality controlled by extensive techniques that help eliminate degraded measurements. The evaluation results reveal that the CFSv2 wind vectors are most consistent with the buoy winds(with average biases of 0.01 m/s and 1.76°). The ERA-I winds significantly underestimate the buoy wind speed(with an average bias of –1.57 m/s), while the statistical errors in the NCEP-2 wind direction have the largest magnitude. The diagnosis of the reanalysis wind errors shows the residuals of all three reanalysis wind speeds(reanalysis-buoy) decrease with increasing buoy wind speed, suggesting a narrower wind speed range than that of the observations. Moreover, wind direction errors are examined to depend on the magnitude of the wind speed and the wind speed biases. In general, the evaluation of three reanalysis wind products demonstrates that CFSv2 wind vectors are the closest to the winds along the north coast of the SCS and are sufficiently accurate to be used in numerical models.     

学习刘东生先生环境地质观、深入环境演化与过程研究——贺东生院士九十华诞

1972年刘东生先生发表了"环境地质学的出现".刘东生院士的环境地质观聚焦于:环境地质学发展的动力源于社会需要、地球环境系统的整体性及其与人类关系的相互依存性.35年来,地质环境的地球化学研究以区域环境质量和全球环境变化两大科学问题作为基本目标,经历了调查评价-区域综合-界面机理的3个发展阶段,在典型区域环境演化及环境-生态效应方面取得了重要进展.环境地质学以"地质学与人类"为宗旨,将在21世纪为人类谋求更多的福祉.     

多进制小波及其在DEM数据有损压缩中的应用

多进制小波是近几年刚发展的小波理论的一个新的分支,本文阐述了多进制小波分析的基本方法及其较之于二进制小波的若干优点,提出利用多进制小波变换压缩（简化）ＤＥＭ数据的方法,并给出实验结果。     

A statistical study of the interplanetary magnetic field control of sporadic E-layer occurrence in the southern polar cap ionosphere

The influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on the occurrence of sporadic E (Es)-layers in the southern polar cap ionosphere has been investigated. We statistically analysed ionogram and Doppler velocity observations made using a HF digital ionosonde located at Casey, Antarctica (66.3°S, 110.5°E; 81°S magnetic latitude) during the two summer campaign intervals 1 January to 18 February, and 1 November to 31 December 1997. The ionogram and Doppler velocity measurements were used to determine the Es-occurrence and electric field vectors (assuming E×B/B² drift), respectively. Concurrent IMF data were obtained from measurements made on board the Wind spacecraft. First, the gross properties of the IMF dependence of Es-formation were obtained: the occurrence rate was higher for negative B_y and/or positive B_z, and lower for positive B_y and/or negative B_z. To reconcile these gross properties with the electric field theory of Es-layer formation, the detailed diurnal variation of both Es-occurrence and the ionospheric electric field were obtained for different orientations of the IMF. The main statistical results are that: (1) the B_y component mainly controls the occurrence of the midnight Es-layers through its influence on the corresponding South West electric field; and (2) the B_z component mainly controls the occurrence of the evening Es-layers. However, the change in the occurrence rate for evening Es-layers was not related to the strength of the associated North West and North East electric fields. The total occurrence of Es-layers depended more on B_y than on B_z, owing to the dominance of B_y-controlled midnight Es-layers in the occurrence distribution. Nevertheless, the dependence of Es-occurrence on B_z was important. We suggest that the increase in Es-occurrence for positive B_z might be explained by the intermittent production of lower F-region ionisation by polar showers and squalls, which also increase in frequency and intensity for positive B_z. The importance of metallic ion transport within the ionosphere is also considered.     

多线程技术在伽玛全谱仪软件系统中的应用

介绍了采用多线程实现的ＣＤ－１０型野外伽玛全谱仪的软件系统,以串口这时通讯为例,说明多线程的使用方法及程步骤。     

贵州后寨河喀斯特小流域水化学特征

通过分析后寨河流域内各测站的水化学资料,讨论了流域内各点的水化学类型及其空间分布,分析了水化学类型的形成原因,并详细讨论了水量的季节变化和人为因素对水中离子含量变化的影响。      

湘西浅变质岩系中钨锑金矿床成矿系列

湖南西部钨锑金矿床主要集中分布于雪峰弧形构造带内,赋存于元古宇浅变质岩系中,严格受断裂构造控制。矿种组合为一组具有成因联系的Ｗ－Ｓｂ－Ａｕ,Ｓｂ－Ａｕ,Ｗ－Ａｕ和Ａｕ、Ｓｂ等矿床成矿系列。各矿床具有相似的区域构造－地球化学环境、形成规律及成因机制。在元古宇浅变质岩系中控矿构造系统发育的区（带）是金矿有利的远景区（带）。     

地面核磁共振感应系统(NUMIS)及其在找水中的应用

地面核磁共振找水技术是一种新的地球物理勘探技术,具有直接找水的特点.本文简述了该方法的原理、仪器及工作过程,并给出了两个应用实例来说明该方法的应用效果.     

空间紫外天文探测者

现代紫外天文学的测波段是３１００－１００Ａ,和Ｘ线相接,紫外观测要把望远镜到１５０ｋｍ高度以上,以避开臭氧层和大气吸收。９０年代以发射的专用紫外空间探测器有Ａｓｔｒｏ－１,Ａｓｔｒｏ－２,ＩＵＥ,ＥＵＶＥ,在ＨＳＴ和ＴＲＡＣＥ上也安装有紫外空间探测器。这些紫外空间观测已覆盖了全部紫外光谱。１９９９年６月２４日发射升空的ＦＵＳＥ卫星是ＮＡＳＡ的“起源计划”项目,将通过氘或“重氢”的探测来研究轻元素丰