三维激光扫描变形可监测性指标的确定

将三维激光扫描技术应用到变形监测中,对三维激光扫描测距、测角、光斑及配准误差进行分析,给出点云误差椭球模型。利用得到的误差椭球半轴长度和点位误差极限值的关系,推导点云变形可监测性指标。最终通过模拟的滑坡实验,验证了该变形可监测性指标的可行性。     

湖南西北部黑色岩系中的贵金属矿化

湖南西北部寒武系下统木昌组黑色岩系中蕴藏着丰富的镍钼钒多金属矿床及其伴生的贵金属矿化。可划分为２类岩性序列，分别赋存着镍钼－金银矿化和钒－银矿化。有机成矿作用对该类矿床（化）的形成起了主导作用。本区具有潜在的贵金属矿化的找矿前景     

张家口-蓬莱断裂带的中长期强地震危险性研究

张家口-蓬莱断裂带位于华北平原北部,沿张家口-怀来-三河-天津-渤海-蓬莱-烟台-北黄海展布,长约900km,宽约250km,走向北西.该带上曾发生1679年三河-平谷8级和1976年唐山7.8级大地震.本文分析了该带上以117°E为界的东、西2区历史和近代地震的G-R关系和时间进程,证明它们服从泊松过程,从而计算得到它们在2010年前发生强震的累积概率,即东区发生6级地震概率为0.80;西区发生7级地震概率为0.76.     

川西坳陷新场地区上三叠统须家河组地层水成因探讨

川西新场地区上三叠统须家河组二段和四段地层水离子组合特征显示出海相地层水以及富溴泥页岩和煤层压释水侵入的特点,整体表现为富溴的压释水和海相地层水混合,原始沉积水和淡水的影响较小。由于海相地层水和富18O而贫氘的压释水对原始沉积水的侵入和替换,地层水的氘、氧同位素值增大。须四段地层水更为强烈的水岩反应造成其相对须二段地层水更高的氧同位素值这一反常现象。尽管Cl-、Na+、Br-等含量似乎只受控于地层水的混合,但是K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、和Fe2+、HCO3-、SO42-等变化则明显受水岩反应的控制,文中提出的成岩假设与须二段和须四段地层水中上述离子变化及前人的成岩研究相符,不同的水岩体系造成两者地层水化学特征的差异性,须四段更为开放的水岩反应体系使得其相对须二段地层水富Ca2+、Mg2+和Fe2+,但贫K+,这些离子差别可以很好地区分两者中的地层水。     

磁罗盘误差校准方法及其在海洋领域的应用

针对磁罗盘自身误差以及载体平台磁干扰导致磁罗盘测量精度不高的问题,提出了一种磁罗盘误差校准方法。通过对磁罗盘自身误差以及载体平台磁干扰产生的误差进行分析,建立了误差校准模型,并结合实际应用条件给出了磁罗盘平面校准方法和空间校准方法,采用最小二乘回归算法对模型求解,解决了磁罗盘现场校准问题。利用所研制的磁罗盘开展了施加磁干扰后的磁罗盘校准验证实验,并对校准前后的方位角精度进行了测试。试验结果表明：在施加磁干扰后方位角最大误差12°的条件下,利用该方法校准后方位角最大误差仅为0.2°,说明了该方法的有效性。最后,介绍了磁罗盘在海洋领域常见的几种应用。     

地震发生非稳态泊松过程和中长期概率预测研究

在描述事件非稳态泊松过程的基本统计特征及其与稳态泊松过程差别的基础上 ,将非稳态泊松过程应用在华北地震区汾渭带和华北平原地震带的中长期地震预测研究中。研究表明 ,假定未来几百年间 ,汾渭带和华北平原带的强震 ( M≥ 7.0 )活动 ,将重现上一次地震轮回的非稳态泊松时间过程 ,那么 ,在 2 0 1 0年前它们发生一次 7级大地震的累计概率分别为 0 .2 6(不确定性范围 :0 .0 6～ 0 .5 0 )和 0 .0 4 (不确定性范围 :0 .0 0～ 0 .1 3)。它们明显地低于按稳态泊松过程得到的发生概率     

地震发生中长期预测中的非稳态泊松模型

基于实际地震的发生在一个活动期内具有加速活动的特点 ,作者提出一种非稳态泊松模型。与稳态泊松模型中地震发生率 ν为常数相对应 ,该模型中地震发生率 ν是随时间呈指数性增加。采用对数似然方法 ,通过使其最大化来确定模型的参数。作者以一个假想的时间序列 ,讨论了非稳态与稳态泊松模型之间的差别 ,并将该模型实际应用于华北地区汾渭地震带和华北平原地震带的中长期预测中     

用时面深概化法估算清江中上游流域可能最大暴雨

在分析清江流域暴雨洪水特点及含清江流域暴雨一致区内暴雨特性的基础上,推测出形成清江中上游可能最大暴雨的天气形势和梅雨形势类似,暴雨为梅雨雨带中的暴雨,水汽入流方向为西南方向,采用时面深概化法估算了清江中上游流域２４ｈ和３ｄ可能最大暴雨。     

多跨输液管的稳定性及动力响应

本文研究了在工程中常见的支承在多个弹性支座上的输液管系，用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理和有限元法建立管道系统的运动方程，通过求解带有陀螺矩阵的振动方程组的特征值问题计算了这种管系的临界流速，结果表明，前两阶模态的临界流速相同，且明显高于单跨管的最低临界流速；用威尔逊－θ逐步积分法考察了管系在临界流速附近对扰动的响应，结果表明，当小于临界流速时，响应主要是低频周期振动；反之，则位移随时间按指数增长     

Mapping deciduous broad-leaved forested swamps using ALOS/Palsar data

Accurate, updated information on the distribution of wetlands is essential for estimating net fluxes of greenhouse gases and for effectively protecting and managing wetlands. Because of their complex community structure and rich surface vegetation, deciduous broad-leaved forested swamps are considered to be one of the most difficult types of wetland to classify. In this research, with the support of remote sensing and geographic information system, multi-temporal radar images L-Palsar were used initially to extract the forest hydrological layer and phenology phase change layer as two variables through image analysis. Second, based on the environmental characteristics of forested swamps, three decision tree classifiers derived from the two variables were constructed to explore effective methods to identify deciduous broad-leaved forested swamps. Third, this study focused on analyzing the classification process between flat-forests, which are the most severely disturbed elements, and forested swamps. Finally, the application of the decision tree model will be discussed. The results showed that: 1) L-HH band(a L band with wavelength of 0–235 m in HH polarization mode; HH means Synthetic Aperture Radars transmit pulses in horizontal polarization and receive in horizontal polarization) in the leaf-off season is shown to be capable of detecting hydrologic conditions beneath the forest; 2) the accuracy of the classification(forested swamp and forest plat) was 81.5% based on hydrologic features, and 83.5% was achieved by combining hydrologic features and phenology response features, which indicated that hydrological characteristics under the forest played a key role. The HHOJ(refers to the band created by the subtraction with HH band in October and HH band in July) achieved by multi-temporal radar images did improve the classification accuracy, but not significantly, and more leaf-off radar images may be more efficient than multi-seasonal radar images for inland forested swamp mapping; 3) the lower separability between forested swamps dominated by vegetated surfaces and forest plat covered with litter was the main cause of the uncertainty in classification, which led to misleading interpretations of the pixel-based classification. Finally, through the analysis with kappa coefficients, it was shown that the value of the intersection point was an ideal choice for the variable.