冬季南海上层环流动力机制的数值研究

通过利用一个分区性的正压-斜压衔接模式来探讨冬季南海的上层环流特征及其动力机制,结果表明:(1)在南海北部,流态主要受黑潮的影响,除了东沙群岛西南的大陆架海域以及吕宋岛北部西岸附近各为一反气旋涡外,整个南海北部为一气旋式大环流所控制.(2)在南海南部主要是风生环流,源自粤西沿岸的水体在东北季风的作用下顺南海西边界岸线向南流动,形成一支相当强的西边界流;同时,由于受北康暗沙以南的陆架坡底形效应和β效应的作用,使得在南海南部出现以一个反气旋涡在南沙海槽处产生、发展并向西传播乃至衰减的约50d的周期性过程     

LINEAR WAVES IN ROTATIONAL HOMOGENEOUS FLUID WITH UNIFORM WATER DEPTH Ⅱ. POSSIBLE WAVES FILTERED OUT BY THE ASSUMPTION OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

In the first part of our studies, the unified solutions of existing waves have been obtained by using the linear wave equations without making the assumptions of irrotation and hydrostatic pressure. In this paper, the second part of our studies, we shall devote to linear long wave equations without the assumption of hydrostatic pressure. All the solutions in the case of ω=f are found. A set of solutions is also obtained, with a similarity to the unified solutions of the Sverdrup waves and the Poincare waves, but the corresponding waves represented by such a set have a different vertical structure of velocities. The set is not included in the solutions of linear long wave equations under the assumption of hydrostatic pressure and, therefore, is regarded as possible waves filtered out by the assumption of hydrostatic pressure.     

大灶火玉石矿成矿条件及找矿远景分析

大灶火玉石矿位于东昆仑西段,区内发现6个玉石矿群,圈定矿体24条。矿体赋存于下元古界金水口群中岩组地层内,呈脉状及似层状,受岩浆岩及地层层位控制,属接触变质成因。通过对该矿成矿条件及找矿远景分析,对东昆仑地区寻找昆仑软玉有重要的指导意义。     

多通道波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪的升级改造

采用面向对象、开放式、功能模块化结构设计原理及X射线荧光光谱分析数据处理和信息共享等方面的新技术，研究开发了多通道波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪仪器控制和分析应用软件，在中文Windows XP／2000平台运行。操作界面全部中文显示，具有定量、半定量、定性分析等多种X射线荧光光谱分析的整体解决方案，功能完善，操作方便，分析效率高，易于维护和移植，具有较好的推广应用前景。     

South China Sea Monsoon Experiment （SCSMEX） and the East Asian Monsoon

The SCSMEX is a joint atmospheric and oceanic experiment by international efforts, aiming at studying the onset, maintenance, and variability of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon, thus improving the monsoon prediction in Southeast and East Asian regions. The field experiment carried out in May-August 1998 was fully successful, with a large amount of meteorological and oceanographic data acquired that have been used in four dimensional data assimilations by several countries, in order to improve their numerical simulations and prediction. These datasets are also widely used in the follow-up SCS and East Asian monsoon study. The present paper has summarized the main research results obtained by Chinese meteorologists which cover six aspects: (1) onset processes and mechanism of the SCS summer monsoon; (2) development of convection and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) during the onset phase and their interaction with large-scale circulation; (3) low-frequency oscillation and teleconnection effect; (4) measurements of surface fluxes over the SCS and their relationship with the monsoon activity; (5) oceanic thermodynamic structures, circulation, and mesoscale eddies in the SCS during the summer monsoon and their relationship with ENSO events; and (6) numerical simulations of the SCS and East Asian monsoon.     

High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Profiling of the Fenhe Fault in Taiyuan City

In this paper, we demonstrate the high-resolution seismic reflection data for a depth range of several hundred meters across the Fenhe fault in Taiyuan city, China. In combination with the relevant borehole logs, these data provide useful constraints on the accurate position, geometry and deformation rate of the fault, as well as the kinematics of recent fault motion. The highresolution seismic reflection profiling revealed that the western branch of the Fenhe fault is a high angle, eastward dipping, oblique-normal fault, and cutting up to the lower part of the Quaternary system. It was revealed that the top breaking point of this fault is at a depth of～70m below the ground surface. A borehole log across the Fenhe fault permitted us to infer that there are two high-angle, oppositely dipping, oblique-normal faults. The eastern branch lies beneath the eastern embankment of the Fenhe river, dipping to the west and cutting into the Holocene-late Pleistocene strata with a maximum vertical offset of～8m. Another borehole log across the northern segment of the Fen]he fault indicates that the western branch of this fault has cut into the Holocene-late Pleistocene strata with a maximum vertical offset of～6m. The above-mentioned data provide a minimum average Pieistocene-Holocene vertical slip rate of 0.06～0.08mm/a and a maximum average large-earthquake recurrence interval of 5.0～6.7ka for the Fenhe fault.     

基于特征谱带的高光谱遥感矿物谱系识别

文中初步提出并建立矿物识别谱系的分层识别技术以及部分离子、矿物的光谱识别规则。矿物光谱包含一系列特征吸收谱带。这些特征谱带在不同的矿物中具有较稳定的波长位置和较稳定的独特波形 ,能够指示离子类矿物、矿物的存在 ,是利用高光谱进行矿物识别的基础。文中分析了部分在自然界广泛存在的一些阴阳离子 (如CO2 -3 ,Fe2 + ,Fe3 + ,Al3 + ,Mn2 + ,Al—OH和Mg—OH等 )的可识别特征光谱 ,总结部分离子类矿物或矿物识别规则 ,并以美国Cuprite地区的AVIRIS数据进行矿物识别试验 ,利用矿物谱系识别技术从离子类矿物到单矿物再到更精细类矿物逐层开展识别 ,取得了较好的效果 ,初步实现利用宏观的手段 (遥感技术 )进行微观 (矿物 )的探测。     

GPS对滇西北土地覆盖的遥感多波段光谱响应特性分析 --以大中甸乡为例

分析覆盖地物的遥感光谱响应特性对于利用遥感监测土地覆盖是非常必要的。基于GPS实地调查，利用ETM 数据，采用全数字化遥感定量方法对大中甸乡典型土地覆盖地物多波段光谱响应特性进行研究。结果表明，该区13种典型覆盖地物，同属于非植被类型与同属于植被类型覆盖地物所表现的响应特性曲线形态具有明显差异，NDVI表现出以数值0为分界限，大于0为植被地物，小于0为非植被地类；另外，光谱响应分析还应考虑遥感信息获取的时相特性。     

应用三极断面测深技术探测井下含水构造

在研究矿井特殊条件下电流场分布规律的基础上,阐述了矿井直流电法勘探的原理和三极断面测深技术,并结合一个具体实例介绍了断面测深技术在井下含水构造探测中的应用,旨在说明井下电法勘探的特殊性。实践证明三极断面测深技术能够查明井下含、隔水层结构和厚度等几何特征,查清工作面断层、褶曲等含水构造的位置、产状、导水性和富水性等,作为采前水文地质勘探的主要技术手段是切实可行的。     

元代以来黄土塬区沟谷发育与土壤侵蚀

以洛川旧县镇南沟小流域为研究对象，用实地考察和史料考证相结合的方法，恢复了元代(1267年)以来洛川黄土塬区沟谷发育与土壤侵蚀过程，计算出了不同时段沟谷发育速度、土壤侵蚀强度，分析了黄土塬区沟谷形态的演变。自元代以来黄土塬区沟谷发育、土壤侵蚀呈加剧态势，其变化一方面与降水量变化关系密切，降水量较丰富时沟谷发育、土壤侵蚀较强；另一方面人为加速侵蚀与自然侵蚀相叠加是近现代沟谷发育、土壤侵蚀剧烈的主要原因。黄土塬区沟谷形态由巷形谷、V形谷向U形谷演变，沟头段巷形谷和上游段V形谷是土壤侵蚀与治理的重点。