强震造成的活动地块地壳形变差异探讨

20 0 1年 11月 14日发生在昆仑山口西的 8 1级地震 ,在地表产生了长度大于 35 0km的破裂带 ,最大水平位移 6m左右 ,为左旋走滑断层。在昆仑山口西 8 1级地震周围不同活动地块内不同构造部位布设的GPS基准站对地震的响应存在明显的差异。其中位于柴达木活动地块内部的德令哈基准站在地震的当天观测到 7 5mm的同震位移 ,位于川滇活动地块西南边界带的下关基准站在震后 3d发生了 6 8mm以上的明显位移 ,而位于同一地块内部的昆明基准站和位于祁连山活动地块内的西宁基准站、位于拉萨活动地块内的拉萨基准站震时和震后都没有产生明显的位移。GPS基准站的观测资料表明 ,强震所处的活动地块和其相邻活动地块对强震有明显的响应 ,如果相隔一活动地块 ,则受强震的影响较小 ;在活动地块内 ,活动强烈的边界带或其它活动较强的部位对强震引起的地壳形变的响应明显大于活动强度较弱的部位 ;强震对相邻活动地块影响的差异 ,主要与强震所处活动地块运动时对其产生的作用方式的差异有关     

Hydrochemical variations of epikarst springs in vertical climate zones: a case study in Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve of China

High temporal resolution (15 min) measurements of stage, pH, electric conductivity, temperature, and other hydrochemical parameters of groundwater at two sites in the Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve of China were collected using automatic data loggers. Bitan Spring (BS 700 m a.s.l.) sits in subtropical climate zone, while Shuifang Spring (SS 2,060 m a.s.l.) is located in plateau temperate climate. The data show that hydrochemistry of epikarst springs at different altitudes is very sensitive to the changes of their physical environment, especially two factors: air temperature and soil CO₂ concentration. Springs at lower altitude are associated with higher air temperature and soil CO₂ concentration, thus more likely leading to more active karst processes than those at higher elevation. Water temperature and pH of BS showed a noticeable diurnal circle with high values in daytime and low values at night. The data also indicate that at least there are two effects that could impact the variations of groundwater hydrochemistry during flood pulse: dilution effect and CO₂ effect.     

点云滤除临时动地物构建表面模型方法探讨

针对获取高精度数字表面模型(DSM)效率不高的现状,文章研究了基于机载激光雷达点云滤除临时动地物的方法:通过对TIN迭代滤波与聚类进行改进,提出了两种滤除临时动地物构建DSM的方法,第一种是基于数据流TIN迭代与临时动地物的特征,直接滤除临时动地物构建DSM;第二种是基于数字高程模型(DEM),逆向添加滤除临时动地物点的非地面点构建DSM。最后通过实验证明这两种方法均可较好地滤除临时动地物构建DSM。     

Petrogenesis of I-type granites from Yuqikapa granite pluton of the western Kunlun orogen: Deformation-driven filter-pressing differentiation

<正>1 Introduction The western Kunlun orogen,located in the northwest Tibet Plateau,and is a conjunction between the Pan-Asian and the Tethys tectonic domains.From north to south,the Western Kunlun orogen includes four     

国际碳税格局及其对中国的启示

本文在总结分析全球已经实施碳税的国家碳税实施情况及其效果,评价分析国内外学者对中国征收碳税的相关研究和科学观点的基础上,针对中国碳税设计提出如下建议：目前实施碳税的大多是发达国家,国际上征收碳税的舆论日益高涨,但国内对碳税征收要素研究还不透彻,依据中国的国情开征碳税环境尚不成熟,未来需要进一步加强对碳税开征各要素的调研。     

0418号台风"艾利"路径特点分析

本文利用天气学对风场、物理量诊断、卫星云图等方法并结合0418号台风“艾利”路径进行分析研究。结果表明,850hPa正涡度、700hPa较强的垂直上升运动,台湾岛地形及双台风藤原效应对台风路径的预报有一定的指导意义.     

基于模糊层次分析法对“一带一路”重要区域地质灾害危险性评价——以关中经济区为例

在“一带一路”沿线区域开展地质灾害危险性评价与区划具有重大意义。本文以关中经济区为例,综合考虑地质灾害特点、分布规律与孕灾环境等要素,基于坡度和地形起伏度的组合,提出了地质灾害安全区域与非安全区域的初步识别方法。在此基础上,采用模糊层次分析法和GIS空间分析方法对地质灾害各孕灾因子进行了危险性等级评价,并分别进行了单因子和多因子综合制图与结果验证。研究结果表明：1）地质灾害安全区域与非安全区域的初步判识,对灾害风险管理和降低防灾减灾成本有重要参考价值,也大大提高了地质灾害评价区域的针对性和准确性。2）研究区地质灾害安全区域面积占比22.9%（17054.5km²）,非安全区域占比77.1%（57462.6km²）,轻度危险区、低危险区、中危险区和高危险区面积分别占非安全区域面积的17.2%、32.2%、32.0%、18.6%,以中、低危险性为主（64.2%）。高危险性区域集中分布在关中经济区的西北、西南、东南部,而轻度危险性区域集中分布在关中平原以南地区,呈现出东西走向的“条带状”。3）共计3230个灾害点中,仅有3.3%（106个）的灾害点分布在安全区域中,其余96.7%（3124个）的灾害点均分布在非安全区域之中。分布在轻度危险、低危险、中危险和高危险区域中的分别有328个（10.2%）、765个（23.7%）、1007个（31.2%）、1024个（31.7%）,这与危险性等级区划结果具有很好的一致性。表明本文提出的地质灾害安全区域识别方法和地质灾害危险性区划方法具有一定的科学性和准确性。

     

Hydrogeochemistry of Water in Coal Measures during Grouting Treatment of Taoyuan Mine,China

Permian coal measure sandstone fissure water (referred to as “coal measure water,” that is, water in coal measures) is one of the important water sources for industrial and agricultural activities in mining areas. However, the regional high-pressure grouting, one of the most widely used floor control methods, may affect the coal measure water which is connected with limestone aquifer. This study used Taoyuan mine, a typical coal mine in Huaibei coalfield, as the research area to study the influencing mechanism of a grouting treatment on the hydrogeochemical evolution of coal measure water. The hydrogeochemical characteristics and water-rock interaction mechanism of the coal measure water before and during the treatment were evaluated using a Piper trigram, ion combination ratio, and hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope. The anions and cations in the coal measure water before and during the treatment had the same trends at SO₄²⁻ > HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻ and Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺, respectively. Hydrochemical types of coal measure water before treatment were mainly SO₄·Cl-Ca·Mg, SO₄·Cl-Na, and HCO₃-Na, and during treatment they were mainly SO₄·Cl-Na and HCO₃-Na. The formation of chemical components of coal measure water before treatment was mainly caused by carbonate dissolution, sulfate dissolution, and pyrite oxidation. During the treatment, sulfate dissolution and pyrite oxidation were the main geochemical processes, and ion exchange was enhanced. Atmospheric precipitation was the source of all water samples, and all showed an obvious ¹⁸O drift.     

全国海岸带地质环境综合数据集

全国海岸带地质环境综合数据集为海岸带综合地质调查工程的数据成果,按照陆海统筹的总体思路设计,重点实现海陆调查专业学科全覆盖,技术方法手段全覆盖。数据内容主要包括野外综合调查、野外综合施工、野外动态监测、样品测试4大类,共计数据表130个,数据177 592条。其中野外综合调查类包含9个数据表,9 006条数据;野外综合施工类包含68个数据表,89 551条数据;野外动态监测类包含28个数据表,12 305条数据;样品测试类包含25个数据表,66 730条数据。本数据集为海岸带自然资源统一管理、国土空间规划和用途管制以及生态保护修复等提供高效精准的数据服务。     

山西省高速公路大雾预报方法研究

通过对山西省已经运营和拟建的高速公路沿线17个气象站1971年～2000年气候资料的分析,应用统计预报方法和诊断分析方法对山西省高速沿线大雾预报进行了研究。结果表明,这两种预报方法在实际工作中是可行的,将两种方法集成后预报效果较好。