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31.
Unconsolidated sand, gravel and clay deposits near Beihai and in the Leizhou Peninsula in southern China form an unconfined
aquifer, aquitard and a confined aquifer. Water and soil samples were collected from the two aquifers in the coastal Beihai
area for the determination of chemical compositions, minerals and soluble ions. Hydrogeochemical modeling of three flow paths
through the aquitard are carried out using PHREEQC to determine water–rock interactions along the flow paths. The results
indicate that the dissolution of anorthite, fluorite, halite, rhodochrosite and CO2, and precipitation of potash feldspar and kaolinite may be occurring when groundwater leaks through the aquitard from the
unconfined aquifer to the confined aquifer. Cation exchanges between Na and Ca can also happen along the flow paths. 相似文献
32.
A. van Geen K. Radloff Z. Aziz Z. Cheng M.R. Huq K.M. Ahmed B. Weinman S. Goodbred H.B. Jung Y. Zheng M. Berg P.T.K. Trang L. Charlet J. Metral D. Tisserand S. Guillot S. Chakraborty A.P. Gajurel B.N. Upreti 《Applied Geochemistry》2008
One of the reasons the processes resulting in As release to groundwater in southern Asia remain poorly understood is the high degree of spatial variability of physical and chemical properties in shallow aquifers. In an attempt to overcome this difficulty, a simple device that collects groundwater and sediment as a slurry from precisely the same interval was developed in Bangladesh. Recently published results from Bangladesh and India relying on the needle-sampler are augmented here with new data from 37 intervals of grey aquifer material of likely Holocene age in Vietnam and Nepal. A total of 145 samples of filtered groundwater ranging in depth from 3 to 36 m that were analyzed for As (1–1000 μg/L), Fe (0.01–40 mg/L), Mn (0.2–4 mg/L) and S (0.04–14 mg/L) are compared. The P-extractable (0.01–36 mg/kg) and HCl-extractable As (0.04–36 mg/kg) content of the particulate phase was determined in the same suite of samples, in addition to Fe(II)/Fe ratios (0.2–1.0) in the acid-leachable fraction of the particulate phase. Needle-sampler data from Bangladesh indicated a relationship between dissolved As in groundwater and P-extractable As in the particulate phase that was interpreted as an indication of adsorptive equilibrium, under sufficiently reducing conditions, across 3 orders of magnitude in concentrations according to a distribution coefficient of 4 mL/g. The more recent observations from India, Vietnam and Nepal show groundwater As concentrations that are often an order of magnitude lower at a given level of P-extractable As compared to Bangladesh, even if only the subset of particularly reducing intervals characterized by leachable Fe(II)/Fe >0.5 and dissolved Fe >0.2 mg/L are considered. Without attempting to explain why As appears to be particularly mobile in reducing aquifers of Bangladesh compared to the other regions, the consequences of increasing the distribution coefficient for As between the particulate and dissolved phase to 40 mL/g for the flushing of shallow aquifers of their initial As content are explored. 相似文献
33.
34.
Jos M. Marques Paula M. Carreira Maria Rosrio Carvalho Maria J. Matias Fraser E. Goff Maria J. Basto Rui C. Graa Luís Aires-Barros Luís Rocha 《Applied Geochemistry》2008,23(12):3278-3289
This paper reviews the geochemical, isotopic (2H, 18O, 13C, 3H and 14C) and numerical modelling approaches to evaluate possible geological sources of the high pH (11.5)/Na–Cl/Ca–OH mineral waters from the Cabeço de Vide region (Central-Portugal). Water–rock interaction studies have greatly contributed to a conceptual hydrogeological circulation model of the Cabeço de Vide mineral waters, which was corroborated by numerical modelling approaches. The local shallow groundwaters belong to the Mg–HCO3 type, and are derived by interaction with the local serpentinized rocks. At depth, these type waters evolve into the high pH/Na–Cl/Ca–OH mineral waters of Cabeço de Vide spas, issuing from the intrusive contact between mafic/ultramafic rocks and an older carbonate sequence. The Cabeço de Vide mineral waters are supersaturated with respect to serpentine indicating that they may cause serpentinization. Magnesium silicate phases (brucite and serpentine) seem to control Mg concentrations in Cabeço de Vide mineral waters. Similar δ2H and δ18O suggest a common meteoric origin and that the Mg–HCO3 type waters have evolved towards Cabeço de Vide mineral waters. The reaction path simulations show that the progressive evolution of the Ca–HCO3 to Mg–HCO3 waters can be attributed to the interaction of meteoric waters with serpentinites. The sequential dissolution at CO2 (g) closed system conditions leads to the precipitation of calcite, magnesite, amorphous silica, chrysotile and brucite, indicating that the waters would be responsible for the serpentinization of fresh ultramafic rocks (dunites) present at depth. The apparent age of Cabeço de Vide mineral waters was determined as 2790 ± 40 a BP, on the basis of 14C and 13C values, which is in agreement with the 3H concentrations being below the detection limit. 相似文献
35.
Kathleen A. Radloff Anya R. Manning Brian Mailloux Yan Zheng M. Moshiur Rahman M. Rezaul Huq Kazi M. Ahmed Alexander van Geen 《Applied Geochemistry》2008
Microbial Fe reduction is widely believed to be the primary mechanism of As release from aquifer sands in Bangladesh, but alternative explanations have been proposed. Long-term incubation studies using natural aquifer material are one way to address such divergent views. This study addresses two issues related to this approach: (1) the need for suitable abiotic controls and (2) the spatial variability of the composition of aquifer sands. Four sterilization techniques were examined using orange-colored Pleistocene sediment from Bangladesh and artificial groundwater over 8 months. Acetate (10 mM) was added to sacrificial vials before sterilization using either (1) 25 kGy of gamma irradiation, (2) three 1-h autoclave cycles, (3) a single addition of an antibiotic mixture at 1× or (4) 10× the typical dose, and (5) a 10 mM addition of azide. The effectiveness of sterilization was evaluated using two indicators of microbial Fe reduction, changes in diffuse spectral reflectance and leachable Fe(II)/Fe ratios, as well as changes in P-extractable As concentrations in the solid phase. A low dose of antibiotics was ineffective after 70 days, whereas autoclaving significantly altered groundwater composition. Gamma irradiation, a high dose of antibiotics, and azide were effective for the duration of the experiment. 相似文献
36.
Li Miao Ruisong Xu Yueliang Ma Jinhong Xu Jie Wang Rui Cai Yu Chen 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008,96(1):43-52
In the Hetai goldfield, Guangdong Province, China, samples including rocks, soils and leaves of four plants (Pinus massoniana, Rhodomyrms tomenlosa, D. linearis var. dichotoma and Embelia laeta) collected from the gold mineralization zone and the background area were analyzed for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, As and physiological parameters. The objective of this investigation is to study the geochemical and biogeochemical characteristics of studied plants, aiming at biogeochemical methods in Au exploration. The goldfield region shows geochemical and biogeochemical anomalies. Abundances of Au in rocks, soils, plants and the leaf pigments in the mineralized area are much higher than those in the surrounding region. The plants display unhealthy physiological and ecological characteristics in the Hetai goldfield area. The cell structures of the goldfield plants were anomalous and aberrant, and there were many nano-metal particles diffused in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Macro- and microscopic evidences of the vegetation in the goldfield areas are distinctly different from the background regions. The strongly anomalies in responses to Au are profound in further geochemical and botanic exploration studies. 相似文献
37.
四川大陆槽稀土矿床碳酸岩-英碱正长岩锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素性质及其地质意义 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
川西冕宁-德昌稀土成矿带是中国最重要的稀土成矿带之一,所有稀土矿床均与碳酸岩-正长岩杂岩体有关.前人研究表明,牦牛坪、木落寨和里庄碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体成岩年龄与其相应矿床的成矿年龄基本一致,而大陆槽正长岩年龄与REE矿床的成矿年龄相差甚远.本文对大陆槽碳酸岩、英碱正长岩进行了SHRIMP U-Pb锆石年代学和LA-MC-ICPMS锆石Hf同位素原位测量,它们的形成年龄分别为12.99±0.94Ma、14.53±0.31Ma,表明两者是同时形成的,且与其成矿年龄基本一致.碳酸岩和正长岩的εHf(t)值、Hf模式年龄与它们的εNd(t)值、Nd模式年龄所展现出来的特征一致,说明在其形成过程中有地壳物质的加入. 相似文献
38.
介绍了广州地区基坑支护近年来的主要类型及其适用范围,并在分析选型各影响因素的基础上,总结出设计选型的要点。 相似文献
39.
海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷兴安岭群储层粘土矿物组成及成因研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
油田注水开发是保持地层能量,提高采收率的有效手段.海拉尔地区由于粘土矿物含量高,在开发过程中储层遇水易泥化、坍塌,严重影响油气的有效开采.通过X射线衍射、偏光显微镜观察和扫描电镜分析,确定了海拉尔盆地贝16断块兴安岭群储层自上而下存在三种粘土矿物组合:蒙脱石 高岭石 (绿泥石)→高岭石 伊/蒙间层 伊利石 (绿泥石)→伊利石 绿泥石 绿/蒙间层 伊/蒙间层.粘土总量在9.1%~69.1%之间,由地层浅部到深部呈现由高到低的变化规律.详细研究了水敏性极强的钠蒙脱石及其间层矿物,认为凝灰物质的水解蚀变以及长石和中、酸性岩屑在成岩过程中的次生变化是造成海拉尔地区粘土含量高的主要因素. 相似文献
40.
所有物体都不断地发出电磁辐射,在微波谱段内黑体的辐射量Bbb可用瑞利—金斯公式表示:Bbb=2KT/λ2。 相似文献