黄河中游响应气候变化和地表相对抬升发育阶地研究

揭示河流系统响应气候变化和地表抬升的机制是理解流域地貌演化以及水系发育过程的基础,其核心难题是如何充分认识它们在阶地发育中扮演的角色.以往的研究倾向于分开讨论气候变化和地表抬升在河流阶地发育中的作用,认为河流堆积/侧蚀和下切行为分别与冰期和间冰期气候对应,或者将阶地作为地表抬升的直接证据.首先,从上下游河段对比的视角初...     

渤海海峡和辽东半岛海岸带黄土中的古生物化石的地质意义

本文通过对庙岛的大黑山乌黑石沟，北庄剖面及辽东半岛金洲大魏家，于家崴子四个黄土剖面中的软体生物，微体生物化石特点，来源与分布的分析，探讨了胶，辽半岛海带黄土的物源，分布规律以及垂向剖面上古生和的化石的丰度变化与古气候，古海面之间的关系。     

渤海东侧海岸带黄土中的放射虫

阐述了海岸带黄土中放射虫的种类及组合特征，并对其来源进行了探讨。 初步认为：放射虫最初是在间冰期高海面时被黄海暖流带入渤海的，后来在冰期低 海面时，裸露的海底受强大的西北向低空气流作用，致使一些放射虫壳体伴随沙尘 而沉降到附近海岸黄土之中。     

Study of Radiolaria in the surface sediments from the area east of Taiwan Island

The species and characteristics of Radiolaria in the surface sediments were systematcally investigated in the sea east of Taiwan Island. One hundred and seventy-eight species of Radiolaria (including 21 unidentified species) have been identified in the surface sediments, and they belong to 2 orders, 34 families and 101 genera. Among them there are 19 families, 70 genera, 134 species of Spumellaria and 15 families, 31 genera, 44 species of NasseUaria. Of the 178 species of Radiolaria, the individual number of Spumellaria amounts to 88.1% of the total individual number, and that of Nassellaria amounts to 11.9% of the total individual number. It is shown that most of the dominant species belong to the tropical and subtropical dominant species and are brought into the area mainly by the Kuroshio, and some affecting factors including the submarine topography, submarine sediments, upwelling current east of Taiwan Island and carbonate dissolution play a secondary role in forming the Radiolaria distributions.     

The geological significance of fossils in the coastal loess in the Bohai Straits and Liaodong Peninsula

Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the fossils (mollusks, Radiolaria, planktonic and benthicForaminifera and Ostracoda) found in the four loess profiles located respectively at Heishigou and Beizhuang Villages on Daheishan Island in the Miaodao Islands in the Bohai Straits, and Daweijia and Yujiawaizi Villages in Jinzhou County, Liaodong Peninsula, the distribution and abundance variation of the fossils in vertical profiles are studied, the source of coastal loess is probed and the relationship between loess deposition and paleoclimatic environment as well as sea-level changes is discussed.     

居住区位感知下的北京与非京户籍居民职住空间关系生成路径差异

户籍进入限制是中国大城市控制人口规模快速扩张的重要手段。在此影响下,当地户籍与非当地户籍居民形成了差异化的职住空间关系。本文基于居住区位感知的居民职住空间关系生成路径分析模型,通过问卷调查,运用结构方程模型方法,剖析了北京户籍与非北京户籍居民职住空间关系生成路径的差异。结果表明：① 影响两大居民群体居住区位决策的空间要素存在差异。京籍居民主要关注的要素为住房的位置和价格、居住小区的邻里素养以及教育、医疗、休憩等配套设施的可达性;非京籍居民则更关注住房支出和面积等住房基本条件、居住小区的公共服务和治安状况、购物和娱乐设施以及地铁交通的便捷性。② 职住空间要素影响职住关系的传导路径存在差异。收入与支出能力更为显著地影响了京籍居民的居住区位决策;政策与制度对非京籍居民职住空间要素状况的提升有更为明显的制约作用;情感与发展期望则更有利于提升京籍居民的职住空间关系满意度水平。③ 职住空间关系生成的行为主体存在差异。市场驱动下的住房成本和政府主导下的政策制度更为显著地降低了非京籍居民职住空间要素的可达性和职住接近水平;代表居民主体的情感与发展期望则相对显著地提升了京籍居民的长距离职住通勤的耐受水平。京籍和非京籍居民的职住空间关系及其生成路径的差异是中国大城市转型发展过程中户籍制度影响下的人口社会再分化的结果。     

Relationship between oriental migratory locust plague and soil moisture extracted from MODIS data

Locust plagues have been the source of some of the most severe natural disasters in human history. Soil moisture content is among the most important of the numerous factors influencing plague onset and severity. This paper describes a study initiated in three pilot locust plague monitoring regions, i.e., Huangzao, Yangguanzhuang, and Tengnan in Huanghua county, Hebei province, China, to examine the impact of soil moisture status on oriental migratory locust [Locusta migratoria manilensis (L.) Meyen] plague breakout as related to the life cycle, oviposition in autumn, survival in winter, and incubation in summer. Thirty-nine temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) data sets, which represent soil moisture content, were extracted from MODIS remote sensing images for two representative time periods: a severe locust plague breakout year (2001–2002) and a slight plague year (2003–2004). TVDI values demonstrated distinctive soil moisture status differences between the 2 years concerned. Soil moisture conditions in the severe plague year were shown to be lower than those in slight plague year. In all three pilot regions, average TVDI value in the severe plague year was 0.07 higher than that in slight plague year, and monthly TVDI values in locust oviposition period (September and October) and incubation period (March, April and May) were higher than their corresponding monthly figures in slight plague year. No remarkable TVDI differences were found in other months during the locust life cycle between the 2 years. TVDI values for September and October (2001), March, April and May (2002) were 0.11, 0.08, 0.16, 0.11 and 0.16 higher than their corresponding monthly figures in 2003–2004 period, respectively.     

黄河口海域调水调沙期间大型底栖生物群落特性研究

黄河口海域大型底栖生物群落结构受到包括自然和人为在内的诸多因子的影响,本次研究以2011年调水调沙活动对该海域大型底栖生物群落结构的影响研究为主,分析其短期内群落结构的变化。调水调沙前、中、后期均采用同样的站位取样,分别为1～18号站位,按照距离黄河入海口的距离分为4个梯级,为5、10、20和40km。研究结果显示：调水调沙前、中、后期分别渔获大型底栖生物73,72和85种,重要种的数量分别为13,1和16种;所有种类可以统计为4个门类,为环节动物、软体动物、节肢动物和棘皮动物,其中,环节动物和软体动物占比重最大,而1982年其他学者对莱州湾大型底栖生物的研究显示,棘皮动物和环节动物占比重最大,这表明近30年该海域大型底栖生物的群落结构产生较大变化;BOPA指数显示,前期各站位水质较高,中期和后期分别有2,3个站位受到中等程度污染;ABC曲线分析说明,调水调沙中、后期,大型底栖生物群落受扰动较大;群落聚类分析和冗余分析（RDA）表明,大型底栖生物群落结构与环境因子关系密切,其中,调水调沙中期有机物对群落结构的影响最大,而后期的较大影响因子为水深。环境因子并不是单一作用于生物群落,而是几个环境因子共同作用,包括有机物、硫化物、重金属Hg和As等;不同环境因子造成群落结构变动的原因较多,其一可能是海水透明度的下降造成大型底栖生物的生长和繁殖受阻。本次研究重点表明,人类多元活动从短期和长期看对大型底栖生物的群落结构变动影响均较大,调水调沙活动对黄河口海域大型底栖生物的栖息地作用明显,改变其水温、盐度、群落扰动等。因此,应当加强对该海域入海陆源污染物的控制,加强对海洋生态平衡的保护。     

10BE ISOTOPE RECORDS IN SEDIMENT CORE Z14-6 FROM THE EASTERN OKINAWA TROUGH DURING THE LAST DEGLACIATION AND HOLOCENE

文章讨论了末次冰期及全新世以来冲绳海槽中部偏东处的沉积物岩芯Z14-6中10Be的历史记录,并与冲绳海槽北部钻孔DGKS9603的10Be记录进行对比.重力柱状岩芯Z14-6取于冲绳海槽水下739m( 27°07'N,127°27′E),全长8.96m.选取了晚更新世末次冰期和全新世的层段(2～175cm,年代跨度为0.37 ～29.3kaB.P.)中12个层位,利用加速器质谱法测定了10Be的含量.Z14-6孔10Be的平均含量为6.10×108atoms/g,最高值(8.71×108atoms/g)出现在6.3kaB.P.层位,末次冰期10Be含量总体上处于低值.与DGKS9603孔(28°08.869′N,127°16.238′E;永深1100m,岩芯长585cm)的数据比较,Z14-6孔中10Be含量普遍较低.Z14-6孔的10Be沉积通量平均值为1.04×109 atoms/cm2 · ka.最高值(1.36× 109atoms/cm2·ka)出现在6.3kaB.P.层位,最低值(6.45×10s atoms/cm2·ka)出现在9.27kaB.P.层位.Z14-6孔所处水深较浅,黑潮流在末次冰期时并未流经Z14-6孔海区,所以其10Be沉积通量只相当于10Be的大气平均生产率( 1.21 ×109 atoms/cm2 ·ka).Z14-6孔中10Be沉积通量降低可能与几个低温事件有关,Z14-6孔在约3kaB.P.和9kaB.P.存在10Be通最减弱现象,因此推测黑潮产生较大变动.Z14-6孔在全新世一些时段的10Be沉积通量峰值显著高于末次冰期时的沉积通量峰值,表明当时黑潮对该海域已发生影响.     

西北冰洋阿尔法脊晚第四纪的陆源沉积物记录及其古环境意义

通过西北冰洋阿尔法脊B84A孔中—晚第四纪以来的沉积物颜色旋回,Mn、Ca元素相对含量、颜色反射率、有孔虫丰度、冰筏碎屑(IRD)含量、粒度组分及其敏感性分析的综合研究,建立了B84A孔的地层年代框架,其沉积物被划分为MIS 12～MIS 1的沉积序列。阿尔法脊B84A孔可以识别出12个IRD事件,它们大多出现在冰消期,并认为其源区为加拿大北极群岛地区。这些IRD事件反映了加拿大北极冰盖的崩塌和气候变化。阿尔法脊B84A孔沉积物的环境敏感组分分别为细组分(4～9μm)和粗组分(19～53μm),两者的变化趋势相反,主要由海冰和洋流进行搬运,指示了洋流的强度变化。B84A孔的平均沉积速率约为0.4 cm/ka,与阿尔法脊周围地区沉积速率相近。相比于近岸的高沉积速率,其限制因素主要为大面积海冰覆盖造成的较低的生产力和由于长距离搬运造成的较低的陆源输入量。