中国县域可达性研究——特征及其对人口分布的影响

This paper calculated spatial accessibility of all counties (city,urban district) in China with cost weighted distance method. Region divisions of county accessibility were conducted,and relation of traffic accessibility and population aggregation was discussed in this paper. The results indicated that county accessibility in China had mainly low values and a distribution structure of circle layer and reverse-to-natural gradient. There was an obvious correlation between county accessibility and population density in China. With these analyses,inner mechanisms of population migration in different traffic conditions and region types were revealed,and can provide useful proposals to regional planning,traffic planning and smart distribution of people in China.     

Theoretical basis and technical methods of cyberspace geography

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Cyberspace is a new spatial realm of activities involving both humans and data, and it has become a cornerstone of the national security of every country. A...     

网络空间地理学的理论基础与技术路径

网络空间作为人类活动新的空间形态,是人和信息的共同载体,网络空间安全是国家安全的重要基础。对网络空间的科学刻画,是网络事件分析、网络空间治理、网络安全保障的重要基石,也是信息化时代地理学研究拓展的新领域。在全球网络空间激烈竞争的背景下,亟需加强地理学与网络空间安全等学科的交叉融合,在传统地理学的基础上进行理论创新和方法创新,创建网络空间地理学。网络空间地理学是地理学研究内容从现实空间向虚拟空间的延伸,理论基础是从传统地理学的人地关系理论演变为人地网关系理论;研究内容包括构建网络空间、现实空间的映射关系,在网络空间重新定义传统地理学关于距离、区域等基本概念,构建网络空间可视化表达的语言、模型、方法体系,绘制网络空间地图,探究网络空间结构和行为的演变规律等;技术路径包括网络空间要素数据采集与融合、网络空间可视化表达、网络空间态势与行为智能认知等,其中智能认知涵盖了网络空间态势现状评估、网络热点事件传播与溯源分析、网络事件态势模拟与风险预测等。网络空间地理学的创建将为网络空间的科学认知、地理学与网络空间安全等学科建设以及国家网络安全防控和全球网络空间命运共同体的构建提供新视角。     

中国城市群地区PM2.5时空演变格局及其影响因素

城市群作为中国新型城镇化主体形态,是支撑全国经济增长、促进区域协调发展、参与国际分工合作的重要平台,也是空气污染的核心区域。本文选取2000-2015年NASA大气遥感影像反演PM_2.5数据,运用GIS空间分析和空间面板杜宾模型,揭示了中国城市群PM_2.5的时空演变特征与主控因素。结果显示：① 2000-2015年中国城市群PM_2.5浓度呈现波动增长趋势,2007年出现拐点,低浓度城市减少,高浓度城市增多。② 城市群PM_2.5浓度以胡焕庸线为界呈现东高西低的格局,城市群间空间差异性显著且不断扩大,东部、东北地区浓度提升更快。③ 城市群PM_2.5年均浓度空间集聚性显著,以胡焕庸线为界,热点区域集中东部,范围持续增加,冷点集中在西部,范围持续缩小。④ 城市群内各城市间PM_2.5浓度存在空间溢出效应。不同城市群影响要素差异显著,工业化和能源消耗对PM_2.5污染有正向影响;外商投资在东南沿海和边境城市群对PM_2.5污染具有负向影响;人口密度对本地区PM_2.5污染主要具有正向影响,对邻近地区则相反;城市化水平在国家级城市群对PM_2.5污染有负向影响,在区域性和地方性城市群则相反;产业结构高级度对本地区PM_2.5污染有负向影响,对邻近地区则相反;技术扶持度对PM_2.5污染的影响显著,但存在滞后性和回弹效应。     

中国物流发展对渤海海峡跨海通道建设的影响

在搜集整理1991-2009 年19 年的相关统计年鉴数据和实际调查数据的基础上。依据现代区位论原理、重力模型原理,建立物流量指数模型,利用此模型计算出2008 年中国31 个省区(直辖市、自治区) 之间的陆路物流量。在此基础上,分析了2008 年31 个省区之间的陆路物流交流状况、东北三省区(东北物流区域) 与全国其他省区、物流区域之间的陆路物流交流状况,计算出通过渤海海峡跨海通道的潜在物流量。利用一元回归模型,预测了2020 年、2030 年、2040 年、2050 年中国31 个省区之间的陆路物流交流量。根据预测结果,借助ArcGIS 9.2 软件系统,计算出2020、2030、2040、2050 年通过渤海海峡跨海通道东北三省区(东北物流区域) 与其他省区、物流区域的物流交流量。计算了中国物流重心移动的轨迹。在此基础上,分析了中国区域物流发展对渤海海峡跨海通道建设的影响,为渤海海峡跨海通道建设提供科学依据。结论表明,渤海海峡跨海通道的建设,使东北三省区(东北物流区域) 与其他省区或物流区域的物流交流,不仅节约了大量的资金成本,还节约了大量的时间成本,进而节约了大量的动力资源,其潜在的无形中的效益是巨大的。     

美丽中国建设——人地和谐共生理论与评估指标体系及应用

The Beautiful China Initiative(BCI)is a plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation as well as for China to fulfill the United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The Chinese government’s“five-in-one”approach provides strategic arrangements for developing the BCI,and President Xi Jinping proposed a timetable and“road map”for the BCI at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection.Nevertheless,the theoretical basis,evaluation index system,evaluation criteria and effectiveness of the BCI are currently unclear.This paper begins by exploring the basic content of the BCI from narrow and broad perspectives.It regards the theory of human-nature harmonious coexistence and the five-in-one beauty theory as the core theoretical bases of the BCI and constructs a five-element BCI evaluation index system(ecological environment,green development,social harmony,system perfection and cultural heritage)and utilizes the assessment method of the United Nations’Human Development Index to assess scientifically the effectiveness of the BCI in 341 prefecture-level cities.The results show the average BCI index(the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beauty Index)score to be 0.28,which is quite low,while the average scores for the individual element indexes of the ecological environment index,green development index,social harmony index,system perfection index and cultural heritage index are 0.6,0.22,0.29,0.22 and 0.07,respectively.All of these are relatively low values,with relatively large discrepancies in regional development,indicating that progress in the BCI is generally slow and unbalanced.To realize the BCI’s timetable and roadmap to a high quality and high standard,it is suggested that a common system for evaluating the progress of the BCI is developed and promulgated so that dynamic monitoring and phased evaluations can take place;BCI technical assessment standards are compiled and published;BCI comprehensive zoning is undertaken;pilot projects adapted to local conditions are launched in BCI sample areas;and BCI results are incorporated into performance indicators at all levels of government.     

The impact of energy-intensive industries on air quality in China’s industrial agglomerations

Understanding the driving forces of regional air pollution and its mechanism has gained much attention in academic research,which can provide scientific policy-making basis for economy-environment sustainability in China.Being an important energy and industrial base,the North China Plain region has been experiencing severe air pollution.Therefore,understanding the relationship between industrialization and air quality in this region is of great importance for air quality improvement.In this study,the average annual concentrations of SO2,NO2 and PM10 in 47 sample cities at and above the prefecture level in the North China Plain region from 2007 to 2016 were used to illustrate the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution within this region.Furthermore,panel data model,panel vector autoregression model,and impulse response function were used to explore the correlation and driving mechanism between energy-intensive industries and regional air quality.The results show that:first,overall air quality improved in the study area between 2007 and 2016,with a significant greater fall in concentration of SO2 than that of NO2 and PM10;second,provincial border areas suffered from severe air pollution and showed an apparent spatial agglomeration trend of pollution;and third,the test results from different models all proved that energy-intensive industries such as the chemical,non-metallic mineral production,electric and thermal power production and supply industries,had a significant positive correlation with concentrations of air pollutants,and indicated an obvious short-term impulse response effect.It concludes that upgradation of industrial structure,especially that of energy-intensive industries,plays a very important role in the improvement of regional air quality,which is recommended to be put in top priority for authorities.Therefore,policies as increasing investments in technological innovation in energy-intensive industries,deepening cooperation in environmental governance between different provinces and cities,and strengthening supervision and entry restrictions are suggested.     

中国就业的空间模式及区域划分

就业问题是中国乃至世界的重大社会问题, 关系到经济社会发展的各个方面。对中国就业空间分布进行区域划分有利于国家流动人口的引导、就业政策的制订以及和谐社会的建设。利用2000 年中国第五次人口普查数据, 采用主成分分析、聚类分析和统计分析方法, 对中国2343 个县(市)、市区的就业结构数据进行分析研究发现: ① 中国就业形成了连续型圈层、非连续型圈层、跳跃式圈层、混合型圈层、多核心圈层、带状等6 种就业空间模式; ② 中国就业区可划分为东部沿海、东北、京津、中部、西部等5 个就业区, 其中, 西部区可划分为陕甘宁青川渝、云贵藏和新疆等3 个就业亚区。     

基于锁定效应的乡村旅游产业振兴路径

产业振兴是乡村振兴战略的核心内容,也是破题窗口,乡村旅游产业发展是践行“两山”理论、实现乡村富裕的有效实践。锁定效应是普遍存在的经济社会发展规律,为确保乡村旅游产业因地制宜、可持续发展,分析影响乡村旅游产业发展诸要素之间的关系,研究乡村旅游产业地域锁定机理,并尝试构建内部要素、外部环境综合作用的多重锁定机理框架。传统小农思想影响下,乡村的资源禀赋、运营管理、人才技术、村民参与、村集体战斗力、制度政策、市场需求等动力因素形成正反馈机制,使乡村旅游产业地域锁定效应不断强化。结合浙江磐安管头村旅游产业的认知锁定、市场锁定、旅游产品锁定、经营模式锁定特征,提出锁定市场专业化、反锁经营老龄化的服务质量提升路径,锁定产品差异化、反锁同质低质化的文化价值盘活路径,以及锁定模式统一化、反锁封闭个体化的共建共享共赢路径3条特色化路径,助力乡村旅游产业振兴和美丽乡村建设。     

Spatial relationship of high-speed transportation construction and land-use efficiency and its mechanism: Case study of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Land-use efficiency is low for the urban agglomeration of China. High-speed transportation construction has been an important factor driving land use change. It...