造山带沉积盆地构造原型恢复

沉积盆地是造山带中最为重要的构造单元之一,其中分布有丰富的矿产资源.这些盆地的构造原型恢复可为造山带的构造演化、板块构造重建和区域找矿提供重要依据.盆地充填物的组成(包括矿床)、时代、物源区及充填序列是进行造山带古沉积盆地构造原型恢复的基础.通过沉积相、砂岩/砾岩碎屑组成、碎屑时代、构造环境、碎屑重矿物、细碎屑岩的地球化学组成、古水流、生物组合等方面对盆地充填物形成的沉积环境、沉积物源区、形成时代和盆地基底属性进行综合研究,借助对现代沉积盆地的研究结果和沉积盆地的构造分类原则,恢复造山带内古沉积盆地的构造原型.     

基于VRS的GPS测量误差分析

系统误差包括卫星轨道误差、卫星钟差、接收机钟差及大气折射误差等。是GPS测量的主要误差源。但系统误差通常可以采用适当的方法来减弱或消除,如建立误差改正模型对观测值进行改正,或选择良好的观测条件,采用适当地观测方法,进行线性差分等.本文介绍了基于VRS的GPS测量要解决的一个主要问题即在系统运行中产生的各种误差进行改正,使之减小或者消除。并就影响VRS精度的各种误差予以分析     

三维地震技术在煤层顶板稳定性研究中的应用

龙固井田为全隐蔽的华北型煤田,位于巨野煤田中部,其首采扩大区主采煤层为3号煤层。考虑3煤层顶板稳定性主要受其顶板的构造信息和岩性信息影响,因此首先依据三维地震勘探综合解释成果及波阻抗反演解释成果对二者进行定量化,然后对波阻抗数据进行归一化处理,使得波阻抗数据和量化后的构造数据具有相同的变化范围及等量贡献。在此距离范围内构造和岩性的权值各为0．5,依此生成综合因素煤层顶板稳定性隶属度。分析3煤层顶板以上10m、20m处的综合因素煤层顶板稳定性隶属度图可以发现,该区3煤层顶板稳定性比较好。且其稳定性主要是受构造因素控制,岩性因素相对影响较小。     

Modified Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method for Dynamic Data Integration Using Streamline Approach

In this paper, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach is used for sampling of the permeability field conditioned on the dynamic data. The novelty of the approach consists of using an approximation of the dynamic data based on streamline computations. The simulations using the streamline approach allows us to obtain analytical approximations in the small neighborhood of the previously computed dynamic data. Using this approximation, we employ a two-stage MCMC approach. In the first stage, the approximation of the dynamic data is used to modify the instrumental proposal distribution. The obtained chain correctly samples from the posterior distribution; the modified Markov chain converges to a steady state corresponding to the posterior distribution. Moreover, this approximation increases the acceptance rate, and reduces the computational time required for MCMC sampling. Numerical results are presented.     

中强地震前后能量分布的自仿射特性

根据简化的地震波传播理论,“漫化”地震能量在空间的分配,减弱能量空间分布概率的极端情形及消除统计域为“空”的情形,由此构造类似于二维ｆＢｍ的地震能量空间分布概率曲面。与起伏不平的地形相似,由于基在水平方向及垂直方向的变化不是等比例的,因而这一分形曲面可能是统计自仿射的。     

生物炭对磷石膏中磷的固化作用

磷石膏中的磷在雨水淋滤作用下浸出,将污染堆场附近水体。本研究采用生物炭固化磷石膏中的磷,以减少其对周遭水体的污染。主要通过模拟固化实验和对照浸出实验,分析生物炭用量、反应时间和温度、初始pH值对固化效果的影响,通过XRD、SEM-EDS分析固化后的生成物。实验结果显示,在生物炭用量为25 mg时,单位固化量达到最大值13.20 mg/g;在反应温度T=293 K、初始pH=7条件下,反应平衡时间72 h时浸出液的磷平衡浓度C_e= 1.40 mg/L;温度提升有助于提高生物炭的固化效果,当T=308 K时,浸出液的磷平衡浓度C_e=0.167 mg/L;碱性条件有利于固化反应持续进行,在pH=11条件下,浸出液的磷平衡浓度C_e=0.153 mg/L。实验结果表明生物炭对磷石膏中的磷具有明显的固化效果。磷石膏中的二水硫酸钙溶解后,Ca²⁺与表面带负电的生物炭结合,在生物炭显微结构的凹陷处,化学吸附溶液中的磷酸根生成了絮状、团簇状的羟基磷灰石(HAP)沉淀,从而使浸出磷得到有效控制。     

30 m global impervious surface area dynamics and urban expansion pattern observed by Landsat satellites: From 1972 to 2019

Using more than three million Landsat satellite images, this research developed the first global impervious surface area (GISA) dataset from 1972 to 2019. Based on 120,777 independent and random reference sites from 270 cities all over the world, the omission error, commission error, and F-score of GISA are 5.16%, 0.82%, and 0.954, respectively. Compared to the existing global datasets, the merits of GISA include: (1) It provided the global ISA maps before the year of 1985, and showed the longest time span (1972–2019) and the highest accuracy (in terms of a large number of randomly selected and third-party validation sample sets); (2) it presented a new global ISA mapping method including a semi-automatic global sample collection, a locally adaptive classification strategy, and a spatio-temporal post-processing procedure; and (3) it extracted ISA from the whole global land area (not from an urban mask) and hence reduced the underestimation. Moreover, on the basis of GISA, the long time series global urban expansion pattern (GUEP) has been calculated for the first time, and the pattern of continents and representative countries were analyzed. The two new datasets (GISA and GUEP) produced in this study can contribute to further understanding on the human’s utilization and reformation to nature during the past half century, and can be freely download from http://irsip.whu.edu.cn/resources/dataweb.php.

     

中山市绿色生态小区规划建设研究

在深入解析绿色生态小区实质内涵的基础上，综合评述了中山市绿色生态小区建设在概念理解、小区景观建设、住宅建设经济性及和谐统一等方面存在的主要问题，结合中山近年城市建设发展情况，从提高城市竞争力、提升城市品位和促进“两个适宜”城市发展目标的实现等方面具体分析了中山绿色生态小区建设的实践意义。最后从做好宣传、提高市民意识、推动实施政策等方面提出今后中山绿色生态小区发展之建议，以期促进中山城市的良性运作和健康发展。     

Spectral Simulation and Conditioning to Local Continuity Trends in Geologic Modeling

Spectral simulation has gained application in building geologic models due to the advantage of better honoring the spatial continuity of petrophysical properties, such as reservoir porosity and shale volume. Distinct from sequential simulation methods, spectral simulation is a global algorithm in the sense that a global density spectrum is calculated once and the inverse Fourier transform is performed on the Fourier coefficient also only once to generate a simulation realization. The generated realizations honor the spatial continuity structure globally over the whole field instead of only within a search neighborhood, as with sequential simulation algorithms. However, the disadvantage of global spectral simulation is that it traditionally cannot account for the local information such as the local continuity trends, which are often observed in reservoirs and hence are important to be accounted for in geologic models. This disadvantage has limited wider application of spectral simulation in building geologic models. In this paper, we present ways of conditioning geologic models to the relevant local information. To account for the local continuity trends, we first scale different frequency components of the original model with local-amplitude spectrum ratios that are specific to the local trend. The sum of these scaled frequency components renders a new model that displays the desired local continuity trend. The implementation details of this new method are discussed and examples are provided to illustrate the algorithm.     

基于asp的宏观前兆信息在线管理系统

本文经过对宏观前兆信息的报送、管理等有关事项的考察和分析,确立了宏观前兆信息管理系统的具体实现功能。并阐述了系统的体系结构和功能模块的设计,实现宏观前兆信息的在线添加和系统的在线管理。经过授权的用户可以通过Web浏览器,以人机交互式的客户端程序,实现对宏观前兆信息的在线添加、管理、查询和统计等功能。