蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)昼间行为时间分配初探

于2007 年和2010 年采用焦点动物取样法研究了新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区蒙古野驴昼间行为时间分配和活动节律,共采集行为数据460 h,观察蒙古野驴2 760 头次,将蒙古野驴昼间行为分为采食、移动、警戒、休息和“其他”5 类。采用卡方检验分析不同季节各种行为时间分配,结果表明：季节因素对蒙古野驴行为时间分配存在极显著影响（χ2=79.06,df=12,P<0.01）。采用ANOVA分析同季节不同行为间差异,结果表明,春季：移动、警戒、“其他”两两间无显著差异（[WTBX]P＞0.05）,其余两两间差异显著（P＜0.05）;夏季：仅移动与“其他”间无显著差异（P＞0.05）;秋冬季：仅警戒与“其他”间无显著差异（P＞0.05）。对蒙古野驴昼间活动节律研究结果表明,蒙古野驴采食时间比例在春季各时段均较高（＞45%）,仅中午（14:00～15:00）有1个低谷（27.62%）,夏秋季则为晨昏采食模式,冬季采食峰值（87.85%）在中午时段（13:00～14:00）。休息和采食高峰在各季节交叉出现,呈现此消彼长的趋势。各季节移动主要发生在晨昏时段。蒙古野驴以特定的行为时间分配模式和活动节律适应环境条件季节性变化,如气候条件、食物资源、人为干扰、生理期、昼间长度、捕食风险等。     

Suppression of internal multiples based on virtual events

In practical seismic exploration, internal multiples generated when the wave impedance of medium is strong, and seismic records are recorded. The method of virtual event repress internal multiples is to move scattered points from underground to the surface, similar to the method of the surface-related multiple elimination (SRME). The method of SRME belongs to the prediction-subtraction approaches to eliminate internal multiples, prediction method is based on building a brand new way of seismic wave propagation (virtual reflection and virtual event), so that it has forward and backward wave propagation, and through convolution with significant wave to predict the internal multiples. Due to required data needing field information of full-wave, the authors use Seislet transform interpolating the missing data to ensure the premise of internal multiples prediction. The test data show that the above method has achieved good results.     

中国入境旅游服务质量时空态势演变与区域影响因素

运用锡尔指数、ESDA、质-量矩阵、Pearson 相关系数等方法,从时序演变、空间关联、质-量态势、区域影响因素4 个视角对近10 年我国入境旅游服务质量进行了研究。分析发现：① 我国入境旅游服务质量整体呈提升态势,中部逐渐赶超东部,西部常年最低。② 省区间服务质量差异存在收敛趋势,地带内差异比重较高。东、中部服务质量势能差转换较好,差异在低值上表现出连续倒U型演变;西部差异高度震荡,服务质量势能差没有实现稳定、渐进式转换。③ 与入境旅游流及收入不同,多数年份入境旅游服务质量未呈现显著全局空间自相关。④ 局部空间相关关系的波动主要由邻近省区一方跃迁造成,多为质量下降型;低值集聚区在西部扩大的同时,由西南内陆向南部沿海扩散。⑤ 东部高值集聚区比重较大,但显著程度降低;中部随着吉林的崛起,形成以其为中心的高值集聚区,显著程度超过长三角;西部形成滇-川、新-青-藏两大显著低值集聚区。⑥ 东部质-量态势最优,但出现数量型粗放发展趋势;中部质量发展好于数量;西部质-量态势日渐堪忧。各省区表现出9 种质-量态势演变类型。⑦ 入境旅游服务质量与接待设施、劳动力供给、经济生活水平等区域因素正向相关,与入境旅游收入及接待量相关关系不强。     

中国石化产业空间组织的评价与优化(英文)

The spatial organization of the Chinese petrochemical industry was optimized ac-cording to the status of development of the industry employing linear programming and Ar-cGIS spatial analysis tools. We first identified the indexes of the spatial organization of the petrochemical industry and established a comprehensive evaluation index system that in-cludes four major categories and 11 indicators. The weight of each index was then deter-mined by the analytical hierarchy process. Afterward, taking the 337 Chinese prefecture-level administrations as basic units and scientifically evaluating the potential comprehensive layout coefficients of the cities, 151 prefecture-level administrative units were selected as the basis for the choice of optimization sites with a linear programming model. Secondly, using the 151 prefecture-level administrative units and the maximum-coverage model, the optimal number and spatial distribution of refineries were identified for service radii of 100, 200 and 300 km. Thirdly, considering the actual distribution of China’s refineries, general rules for the number of refinery layout points and objective values were summarized, and 52 refinery layout points were selected for China. Finally, with ArcGIS spatial analysis tools, the spatial effect of the 52 optimal refinery layout points was simulated for the service scope and socioeconomic factors respectively, and the GDP and population data for each refinery layout point were then ex-tracted within the service scope. On this basis and with estimation of the intensity of crude-oil consumption, final results were obtained for the optimal spatial organization of the Chinese refining capacity and ethylene production capacity.     

城市热岛效应下浅层土中混凝土的酸腐蚀试验研究

针对城市热岛效应引起城区浅层土地温场升高这一观测结果,采用室内快速模拟试验方法,对城区酸性土壤腐蚀混凝土材料的温度效应开展了试验研究。试验研究了在温度为5℃、20℃和40℃条件下,混凝土试样在酸浓度分别为0%、5%和10%的沙土介质中放置30d、90d后的抗压强度变化规律,并对混凝土试样在腐蚀过程中的腐蚀系数变化规律和微观机理进行了分析;最后,对南京城区热岛效应环境下浅层土中混凝土材料酸腐蚀的强度变化规律进行了分析。试验结果表明,在同一腐蚀浓度下,混凝土试样抗压强度的下降速度随着温度的升高而不断加快,其腐蚀系数也随着温度的升高而不断增大;腐蚀介质的浓度越大,环境温度对混凝土腐蚀系数的影响就越明显;在温度为40℃、硫酸浓度为10%的沙土中放置30 d后,混凝土的腐蚀系数K达到45.21%,约是在5℃条件下腐蚀系数的2倍,相当于环境温度每上升1℃,混凝土腐蚀系数平均增加0.64%。该研究成果对于减轻城市热岛效应对岩土工程的影响具有重要意义。     

北屯绿洲生态系统耗散特性分析

 利用耗散结构理论,对新疆北屯绿洲生态系统的结构和功能进行了分析。在绿洲发展演化过程中,绿洲与荒漠形成既相互矛盾又协调共生的非线性变幻局势,人为活动已成为绿洲涨落的主要原因。利用能值分析方法探讨了北屯绿洲农业生态系统的能量耗散过程,结果显示:北屯绿洲农业生态系统投入的太阳能值总值为9.70×1019 sej,而输出的太阳能值总值为6.56×1020 sej,输出高于投入,是一个能值输出型的生态系统。需要人为输入能量,引入物质、知识、技术等负熵,增加系统信息量。最后,提出积极引入负熵流的负反馈策略,使人的主观行为与环境质量、生物生产力水平相统一,构建合理的绿洲生态农业结构,达到生物与环境相协调,发挥生物共生互利优势原则,最终实现绿洲生态、环境、经济的可持续发展。     

江淮梅雨区域入、出梅划分及其特征分析

利用中国气象局提供的1978—2007年全国753站的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR提供的逐日再分析资料,从区域整体角度讨论并划定了近30年（1978—2007年）江淮流域梅雨的入、出梅时间,并在此基础上研究了梅雨各主要特征量的变化规律。结果表明,近30年江淮地区梅雨的各重要参数均具有显著的年际变化特征;入、出梅时间与梅期长度和梅雨量有密切关系, 但入梅时间和出梅时间几乎是独立的;入梅早晚年同期大气环流存在明显的差异,副热带夏季风的强弱和推进快慢对入梅的早晚有重要影响。      

准噶尔盆地南缘新生代沉积物碎屑锆石记录的天山隆升剥蚀过程

通过对准噶尔盆地南缘有精确古地磁年代控制的金沟河剖面新生代沉积物中7个砂岩样品碎屑锆石的U Pb LA ICP MS测年分析,确定安集海河组（28~23.3 Ma）和沙湾组（23.3~17.5 Ma）的砂岩样品碎屑锆石年龄主要集中在261~328 Ma（P-C）,塔西河组（17.5~13.2 Ma）样品的年龄主要集中在234~311 Ma（T-C）和369~403 Ma（D-S）,独山子组（13.2~6.0 Ma）和西域组（6.0~1 Ma）样品的年龄主要集中在264~333 Ma。经与流域内岩石地层的分布相对比,揭示至少在晚渐新世开始中天山已经隆升并剥蚀为盆地提供物源,从约中新世早期开始北天山的南缘开始隆升,加入物源供给区,从约中新世中晚期开始北天山开始明显隆升,并逐步阻碍了中天山的物源供给,成为物源的主要供给区。天山的这种逐步向北的隆升剥蚀过程,反映了印度欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应。     

Cold events of Holocene indicated by primary elements distribution of the high-resolution sand dunes in the Salawusu River Valley

The components of the primary elements in the dune sands for the MGS1 subsec-tion of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley, compared with those of mod-ern dune sands, show that they were caused by East Asian winter monsoon in the Mu Us desert during Holocene. The examined ages for the 11 layers of dune sands, based on the average sedimentary rate, are: 0 to 960, 1350–2240, 2470 to 3530, 4000 to 4180, 4290 to 4350, 4380 to 4760, 5040 to 5920, 6570 to 8270, 9020 to 9700, 9880 to 10160 and 10580 to 11080 a BP, respectively. The climatic events indicated by these dune sands are consistent with those records in the Huguangyan volcanic lake, Zoige peat bog, Hulu cave and Dunde ice core, particularly with the climatic fluctuations of the North Atlantic since 11 000 a BP. Among them, patterns from B0 to B8 correspond to the peak values of 0MD, 2D, 4D, 6D+8D+10D, 12D, 14D, 16D, 18D and 20D respectively. It might be caused by the North Atlantic ice age induced by the heat circulation, which strengthened the polar high pressure and Siberian-Mongolian high pressure and further led to the dominance of the winter mon-soon over China’s desert area.     

Sedimentary characteristics of paleo-aeolian dune sands of Salawusu Formation in the Salawusu River Valley

The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley in-cludes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and their grain size, surface textural features and several main chemical elements have been analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Some of the aeolian structural characteristics of these dune sands are similar to that of the recent dune sands. 2) They are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain size components, and parameters of Mz, σ, Sk and Kg, as well as in several main chemical components. 3) The scattergrams of Mz-σ and SiO2–Al2O3+TOFE and the probability curves of grain size showed that these paleo-dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies, but are consistency with recent dune sands. 4) Quartz sands have well roundness and surface textural features such as dish-shaped pits, crescent-shaped pits, pockmarked pits, upturned cleavage plates, siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses, indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind. As the 11 layers of paleo-dune sands possess the aeolian characteristics in structure, grain size, surface textural features and chemical elements, the origin of their formation should be attributed to eolation.