甲醛还原Pt/TiO2催化剂用于温和条件下高效催化氧化甲醛（英文）

通过浸渍法(IM)和沉积-沉淀(DP)法制备了一系列Pt/TiO2P25)催化剂,并分别用甲醛溶液和氢气还原处理催化剂.利用原位红外监测催化剂表面吸附物种在反应过程中的变化,探究了催化剂制备和还原条件及Pt负载量对催化剂结构和催化氧化甲醛活性的影响.结果显示,用DP法制备并用甲醛还原的Pt/P25催化剂中Pt颗粒分散均匀,并具有合适的粒径和高浓度的表面活性氧,显示出良好的甲醛氧化活性.在空速30 000 ml/(g·h)、反应温度30°C和甲醛初始浓度50 mg/m的条件下,0.4%Pt/P25(DP-HCHO)上的甲醛转化率达到98%,并能稳定运行100 h以上.相比之下,Pt/P25(DP-H2)由于表面活性氧较少,不利于甲酸盐氧化,活性较低.Pt/P25(IM-H2)虽然具有高浓度的表面活性氧,却同时具有最大的Pt颗粒粒径,在甲醛转化为甲酸盐和甲酸盐氧化两步反应中的活性均较差,因而甲醛氧化活性最差.     

试论中国缩微旅游资源

９０年代以来，我国缩微旅游景点出现巨大的投资热潮，随之而来的是巨大的浪费。作者通过对缩微旅游资源的特征与功能、市场容量及其在旅游资源中的地位分析，认为目前中国缩微旅游资源开发区域可分为３个等级，不同等级的区域所采取的缩微旅游资源开发措施及应开发的主题和规模也应有所不同。     

Application of discovery process models in estimating petroleum resources at the play level in China

Discovery process modeling has gained wide acceptance in the Chinese exploration community. In recent years, a variety of discovery process models have been applied to the prediction of undiscovered petroleum resources at the play level in sedimentary basins in China. However, challenging problems have been encountered, particularly when one method alone has been applied to small plays in nonmarine sedimentary basins or in plays with an unusual order of discovery wells. This paper presents results gotten by using the lognormal discovery process model of the Geological Survey of Canada and the geoanchored method for three petroleum plays in basins with different geologic settings. Although the predicted shapes of the parentsize distributions which use these two models, were not always similar, the expected values of the total resources and the number of fields (pools) to be discovered are comparable. The combined use of two discovery process models in the same play compensates for the weaknesses in one method compared with the other and vice versa. Thus, more reliable estimates are the result.     

重庆市云阳县开发荒山资源,发展经济林木

根据县内荒山资源特点,通过因地制宜,树立生态经济学观点,把开发荒山资源与保护生态环境密切结合,加以发展经济林木,促进了当地经济发展。     

铜陵地区老鸦岭层状钼矿床铅同位素组成研究

安徽铜陵老鸦岭矿床中二叠系大隆组(P2d)顶部的含矿(钼矿化)黑色页岩以及附近(立新煤矿)同一层位不含矿黑色页岩的实测铅同位素组成分别为：^206Pb/^204Pb20.20～22.37,^207Pb/^204Pb15.67～15.82,^208Pb/^204Pb38.47～38.60和^206Pb/204Pb18.83～20.80,^207Pb/^204Pb15.65～15.76,^208Pb/^204Pb38．84～39．22。对137Ma的放射成因Pb进行校正后的铅同位素组成表明，含矿黑色页岩和不含矿黑色页岩均与燕山晚期火成岩无关，老鸦岭含矿黑色页岩可能具沉积成因。对沉积(约250Ma)以来的放射成因Pb进行校正后的铅同位素组成表明：不含矿黑色页岩的Pb源自上地壳，而含矿黑色页岩的Pb(因而推测其他成矿金属)可能源于上地壳物质(与不含矿黑色页岩的Pb源相似)与下地壳物质的混合。     

Pollution history and recovery of a boreal lake exposed to a heavy bleached pulping effluent load

We examined the effects of heavy pulp mill discharges on the Lake Lievestuoreenjärvi ecosystem and the later recovery of diatom and chironomid communities from age-dated short core samples. Beginning in 1927 the lake received a heavy effluent load from a sulphite pulp mill. Except for the recession during the Second World War and the temporary closure of the mill from 1967 to 1971, the industrial load, containing large quantities of nutrients, organic matter and toxic compounds, increased continuously. In the early 1980s, laboratory documents were falsified by the directors of the mill and the systematic illegal effluent overload led to a collapse of the whole lake ecosystem. In 1985, the outdated plant was finally closed down. Based on the assessment of chemical properties and biological remains of the sediment, we distinguished five developmental phases in the ecological state of the lake. In the pre-industrial phase, the pelagic and profundal benthic communities were dominated by species preferring ultraoligotrophic or oligotrophic lakes. Concomitant with the increasing discharge and deposition of chlorine compounds, resin acids, and mercury, as well as strong acidity and hypolimnetic and epilimnetic anoxia, the ecological status changed in a short period from excellent to bad. Finally, in the early 1960s, the majority of the lake was virtually dead and the aquatic life survived only in the uppermost littoral zone. Since 1985, a fast recovery in the water quality has led to a strong, but temporary eutrophy in pelagic communities. The main peak of eutrophication was caused by the invasion of a species new to the lake,Aulacoseira granulata var.angustissima. Later, the pelagic communities shifted towards oligotrophy, but the original, pre-industrial status has not been re-established. The profundal benthic communities have not achieved the pre-industrial structure, but at present indicate mesotrophy.     

REE and (э)Nd of clay fractions in sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean: Evidence for clay sources

Clay fractions in the non-calcareous surface sediments from the eastern Pacific were analyzed for clay minerals, REE and 143Nd/144Nd. Montmorillonite/illite ratio (M/I ratio), total REE contents ((REE), LREE/HREE ratio and cerium anomaly (бCe) may effectively indicate the genesis of clay minerals. Clay fractions with M/I ratio >1, бCe (0.85, (REE (400 μg/g, LREE/HREE ratio (4, and REE patterns similar to those of pelagic sediments are terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions and contain more autogenetic montmorillonite. Clay fractions with M/I ratio <1, бCe=0.86 to 1.5, ΣREE=200 to 350 μg/g, LREE/HREE ratio (6 and REE distribution patterns similar to that of China loess are identified as terrigenous clay fraction. The 143Nd/144Nd ratios or (э)Nd values of clay fractions inherit the features of terrigenous sources of clay minerals. Clay fractions are divided into 4 types according to (э)Nd values. Terrigenous clay minerals of type I with the (э)Nd values of -8 to -6 originate mainly from North American fluvial deposits. Those of type II with the (э)Nd values of -9 to -7 are mainly from the East Asia and North American fluvial deposits. Those of type III with (э)Nd values of -6 to -3 could come from the central and eastern Pacific volcanic islands. Those of type IV with (э)Nd values of -13 to -12 may be from East Asia eolian. The terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions show patchy distributions, indicating that there are volcanic or hot-spot activities in the eastern Pacific plate, while the terrigenous clay fractions cover a large part of the study area, proving that the terrigenous clay minerals are dominant in the eastern Pacific.     

采用泵喷补偿技术的近底拖体水压场数值模拟研究

采用标准 k-ε 模型,结合 Fluent 软件,对采用泵喷补偿技术的拖体水下被拖行运动所产生的压力场变化进行了数值模拟实验。结果表明：采用泵喷补偿技术对拖体水压场的“马鞍形”分布特性影响较小, 但随着喷水速度的增加,拖体首端压力负值略有增加,而中段的负峰幅值显著增加,当喷水速度达到一定值后,拖体的压力特性曲线已经较为接近期望值,证明泵喷补偿技术具有一定的可行性。     

历史探究：“侯家窑人”与“许家窑人” 名称之争——浅谈“许家窑人”名称的合法性问题

本文简要回顾了“许家窑-侯家窑遗址”和所谓“许家窑人”的研究历史及其名称的沿革过程,并对“许家窑人”名称的合法性提出质疑。从考古学角度来看,前人将考古遗址名称确定为“许家窑-侯家窑遗址”是可以理解的,因为山西省阳高县许家窑村与河北省阳原县侯家窑村相邻,相距不远;同时该名称是经国务院1976颁布确定的,是受国家法律法规保护的。但从古人类学角度来看,将侯家窑村（74093地点）发现的古人类命名为“许家窑人”是不合情理的,也是不合法的,因为传统上古人类的名称都是以化石发现地来命名的（俗名）,正确的做法应该将侯家窑村发现的人类化石冠以生物学名称（学名）,如直立人、智人、龙人等。实际上,山西许家窑村（73113地点）根本就没有发现过任何人类化石。根据一些学者在文中提供的化石描述、测量数据及化石图片,笔者等倾向于认为,河北侯家窑村发现的人类化石可能属于‘龙人’的一个亲缘种（Homo aff. longi）,在更新世古人类研究中具有十分重要的科学价值。