On shallow-water bottom reverberation frequency dependence

Determinations of bottom scattering strength in the decade below 1 kHz under downward refracting conditions have been made using acoustic reverberation and transmission data from the 2001 East China Sea Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment (ASIAEX). The measurements were performed using explosive sources and receiving hydrophones in ship-suspended vertical-line arrays. The focus of this paper has been the dependence of bottom scattering strength on the frequency and characterization of the uncertainties associated with the extraction of scattering strength from reverberation. The derived bottom scattering strength gradually rises with frequency from 100-300 Hz and then more rapidly above 300 Hz. A potential explanation suggests that the frequency variation results from two scattering mechanisms, rough layer scattering at the low end of the band and sediment near-surface volume scattering at the high end. The spatial extrapolation of these results is explored by comparing them with similarly derived scattering strengths using data obtained under the Navy's Harsh Environments Program at a somewhat separated site (56 km) under environmental conditions similar to those during ASIAEX. In the ASIAEX analysis, it has been found that the largest source of uncertainty in the scattering-strength frequency dependence arises from persistence of finite-amplitude effects associated with the source signal.     

Numerical flow and performance analysis of a water-jet axial flow pump

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the performance and three-dimensional flow fields in a water-jet pump. TASCflow is employed to simulate the rotator-stator coupling flow field. A standard k-ε turbulence model combined with standard wall functions is used. In order to investigate the effect of a rear stator on flow fields, the flows in two water-jet pumps with and without a rear stator are studied. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-predicted overall performances are in good agreement with the experimental results. Then the flow fields, such as the pressure distribution on the blade surfaces, and the axial and tangential velocity distribution, especially the radial loading distribution, are investigated at different flow rates. In addition, the effects of a rear stator and different spacings between the rotor and the stator on the overall performance and the flow fields of the water-jet pump are also investigated.     

Recent significant tornadoes in China

正1.Introduction Compared with the United States,whose annual number of tornadoes can exceed 1000,the average number of tornadoes per year in China over the past half a century is estimated to be fewer than 100(Fan and Yu,2015),even though both countries are located in a similar latitudinal zone of the Northern Hemisphere.The annual average recorded number of F1(Fujita scale)or EF1(enhanced Fujita scale)intensity or higher tornadoes in China between 1961 and 2010 is about     

多层次模糊数学法在湘西北页岩气有利区块优选中的应用

湘西北下寒武统牛蹄塘组海相页岩热成熟度高,且经历了多期复杂构造运动,这种有机质高热演化程度及复杂构造条件下的页岩气有利区块优选面临挑战。本研究对影响页岩气勘探开发潜力的各种因素进行了综合研究,确定了页岩气勘探开发潜力评价的4个二级指标(生成条件、储集条件、保存条件和综合配套条件)及相应的三级指标。采用模糊数学方法对各级因素指标赋予了权重,建立了用于页岩气勘探开发潜力评价的多层次模糊数学评判模型。利用该模型,综合评价湘西北地区鹤峰复背斜、桑植复向斜、古丈隆起、沅麻盆地和洞庭坳陷5个Ⅲ级构造单元的页岩气资源勘探开发潜力。研究表明,桑植复向斜最具勘探开发潜力,其次是鹤峰复背斜,沅麻盆地、古丈隆起与洞庭坳陷则相对最差。建立的评价体系,可以作为有机质高热演化程度及复杂构造条件下的页岩气资源开发潜力评价的参考体系。     

极地记录冰川和达尔克冰川流速的遥感监测研究

测定南极冰川的流速 ,对于研究南极冰雪物质平衡、南极环境变化及其对全球环境的影响有重大意义。本文论述了利用多时相卫星遥感影像监测冰川变化的原理和方法 ,通过对英格里特 .克里斯泰森海岸不同时期的遥感影像进行几何纠正和配准及叠加处理 ,测量和计算出极地记录冰川和达尔克冰川的平均流速 ,并对它们的变化特点进行了初步的分析和评价。     

The Relationship Between June Precipitation over Mid-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and Spring Soil Moisture over the East Asian Monsoon Region

Using the US Climate Prediction Center(CPC)soil moisture dataset and the observed precipitation over China together with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind and air temperature,the relationship between June precipitation over mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin(MLR-YRB)and spring soil moisture over the East Asian monsoon region was explored,with the signal of the ENSO effect on precipitation removed.A significant positive correlation was found between the mean June precipitation and the preceding soilmoisture over the MRL-YRB.The possible response mechanism for this relationship was also investigated.It is found that when the soil over the MRL-YRB is wetter(drier) than normal in April and May,theair temperature in the lower troposphere over this region in May is lower(higher) than normal,and this temperature effect leads to a decrease(increase) in the temperature contrast between the land and the sea.Generally,a decrease(increase) in the land-sea temperature contrast leads to weaker(stronger) East Asian summer monsoon in June.Southerly(northerly)wind anomalies at 850 hPa then show up in the south of the Yangtze River basin while northerly(southerly)wind anomalies dominate in the north.These anomalies lead to the convergence(divergence) of wind and water vapor and hence gives rise to more(less) precipitation in June over the MLR-YRB.     

基于重力测点和段差变化的前郭5.8级震群研究与三维反演

利用东北地区近几年流动重力观测数据,分析前郭5.8级震群周边重力点值的时序变化特征,并基于重力段差变化对东北地区整体和局部重力变化引入能够反映异常显著性程度的指标量G和C值,最后对前郭5.8级震群前的重力场动态变化作三维密度反演。结果表明：1）前郭5.8级震群发震构造两侧的局部重力变化具有较明显的差异性,其变化趋势可作为识别构造活化或解耦运动的标志;2）显著性指标量G和C值能够为地震重力前兆的定量描述提供新思路;3）震前重力变化的反演结果显示地震发生在质量运移的过渡区域,垂向反演结果对本次地震的震源深度有一定的揭示意义。     

徐庄子地震台地电阻率直流供电对地磁观测的干扰研究

探讨地电直流供电对GM4分钟值数据干扰的解决方案,及施工改造效果.结果表明,引入地埋铠装电缆布设外线,可以屏蔽直流供电产生的部分感应磁场,较好的解决台站场地条件的限制,提高GM4分钟值数据的观测质量.     

鹤壁市夏季一次雹暴过程的成因分析

运用天气图、物理量场、卫星云图、雷达回波及相关气象资料,分析了2005年6月19日发生在鹤壁的雷雨大风、并伴有局地冰雹的强对流天气过程.结果表明:在低层θse高能舌区内,地面冷锋移到 500 hPa高空急流出口区下方左侧时,高低空次级环流耦合,触发不稳定能量释放、产生强烈的上升运动,是这次强对流天气产生的直接原因.     

“双碳”目标下推进中国煤层气业务高质量发展的思考与建议

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘神府区块是典型深部煤层气田,资源丰富且勘探开发潜力巨大。2023年10月,神府深部煤层大气田成功申报探明地质储量超1100亿m³。府谷地区位于神府区块中部,是最早深部煤层气生产试验区,但目前对其煤层气的富集成藏规律和勘探开发潜力的认识尚不清楚。综合应用地震、测井、钻井和煤岩测试等资料以查明该地区深部煤层气地质特征、富集成藏规律和有利区分布。结果表明：主力煤层4+5、8+9号煤发育稳定且厚度较大(4+5号煤：3.2~5.8 m;8+9号煤：8.7~13.5 m),有利层段主要分布在煤层中上部位置;宏观煤岩类型主要为光亮−半亮煤,煤体结构主要为原生−碎裂结构煤;受深成变质作用的影响,煤类以气煤、肥煤和焦煤为主,煤的变质程度处于热解生气的高峰期,煤储层表现出中−高含气量(4+5号煤：3.0~12.0 m³/t;8+9号煤：7.5~18.5 m³/t)和中−高含气饱和度(35.0%~115.0%)等特征;主力煤层属于低渗储层((0.01~0.09)×10⁻³ μm²),孔隙结构主要以微孔和小孔为主。提出府谷地区煤层气为“挠褶−断层−水动力”富集成藏模式,煤层气富集区位于构造平缓区和斜坡带。建立深部煤层气地质−工程双甜点评价体系,识别出I类地质−工程甜点区位于东部和西南部,是研究区深部煤层气勘探开发首选区带。因此,该研究认识进一步丰富了深部煤层气富集成藏理论,对鄂东缘深部煤层气勘探开发实践具有重要指导意义。