天然气的无机元素的土壤化探元素预测指标的探索

通过德阳新场气田化探成果与气田上有机元素异常，物探异常和钻孔实际见气的对比，以及对成都地区，宜宾地区化探成果的综合研究，认为As,Sb,Hb,Ba,Mn五元素及Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Cd,Ni,V,P等是预测天然气的指标，用该指标对新场气田和成都地区实际勘察结果对照，证实预测指标是正确的，从而探索出一条利用化探无机元素异常寻找天然气的新路。     

甘肃新生代气候环境变化与哺乳动物群演替

甘肃省境内新生代沉积中富含动物化石,以早渐新世晚期、晚渐新世、早中新世早期、中中新世晚期、晚中新世、早更新世和晚更新世的哺乳动物化石最为丰富.新生代青藏高原形成、快速隆升,改变了东亚的大气环流和中国的地理格局,使甘肃的气候和地理面貌发生了巨变.甘肃省境内的哺乳动物群在这些变化背景下发生了一次次的更替.本文通过对不同时代...     

河北省邯邢地区高岭石伊利石粘土矿床特征及找矿方向

邯邢地区高岭石、伊利石粘土矿赋存于石炭系本溪组、太原组,二叠系山西组、下石盒子组、上石盒子组的7个层位.矿体主要呈层状产出,厚度变化较大.矿石主要由片状高岭石组成,次要和少量矿物为绢云母、石英、黑云母等.矿床成因包括沉积矿床(如石炭-二叠系高岭石伊利石粘土矿)、风化残积矿床(如软质高岭石粘土矿床).该地区可划分出临城竹...     

北欧海的锋面分布特征及其季节变化

利用多年月平均格点数据分析了北欧海主要锋面的分布特征和季节变化规律,并讨论了月平均数据分析锋面适合使用的方法。月平均数据显示的锋面出现间断或多重的现象是锋面侧向摆动造成的,这是月平均数据的一大特点。北欧海各锋面主要水文和季节变化特征差异很大。东格陵兰极地锋在夏季锋面强度大,锋面较连续完整,而冬季强度小,锋面结构零散。9月由于东格陵兰寒流势力最强,可观察到温度梯度较大且连续的东格陵兰锋。北极锋的季节变化在水平方向呈＂哑铃型＂分布,中段摆动较南北两端小。由于挪威海流在冬季出现的最大流量引起挪威海流的流幅在该处加宽,莫恩海脊锋冬季向西北移动,对前人文章中基本上没有季节性移动的说法进行了修正和补充。冰岛—法罗群岛锋随深度增加向南移动,锋面强度增强,这是溢流造成的。     

云南鹤庆蜡硅锰矿的矿物学特征

对云南省鹤庆锰矿的物质组成及工艺矿物学研究中首次发现,也是国内第一次发现的锰矿物—蜡硅锰矿[Mn_5Si_4O_(10)(OH)_6],进行了大量研究工作。现就蜡硅锰矿的矿物学特征作简要报道。     

Gas accumulation from oil cracking in the eastern Tarim Basin: A case study of the YN2 gas field

Oil and gas exploration in eastern Tarim Basin, NW China has been successful in recent years, with several commercial gas accumulations being discovered in a thermally mature to over-mature region. The Yingnan2 (YN2) gas field, situated in the Yingnan structure of the Yingjisu Depression, produces gases that are relatively enriched in nitrogen and C₂₊ alkanes. The δ¹³C₁ (−38.6‰ to −36.2‰) and δ¹³C₂ values (−30.9‰ to −34.7‰) of these gases are characteristic of marine sourced gases with relatively high maturity levels. The distributions of biomarkers in the associated condensates suggest close affinities with the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks which, in the Yingjisu Sag, are currently over-mature (with 3–4%Ro). Burial and thermal maturity modeling results indicate that paleo-temperatures of the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks had increased from 90 to 210 °C during the late Caledonian orogeny (458–438 Ma), due to rapid subsidence and sediment loading. By the end of Ordovician, hydrocarbon potential in these source rocks had been largely exhausted. The homogenization temperatures of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions identified from the Jurassic reservoirs of the YN2 gas field suggest a hydrocarbon emplacement time as recent as about 10 Ma, when the maturity levels of Middle–Lower Jurassic source rocks in the study area were too low (<0.7%Ro) to form a large quantity of oil and gas. The presence of abundant diamondoid hydrocarbons in the associated condensates and the relatively heavy isotopic values of the oils indicate that the gases were derived from thermal cracking of early-formed oils. Estimation from the stable carbon isotope ratios of gaseous alkanes suggests that the gases may have been formed at temperatures well above 190 °C. Thus, the oil and gas accumulation history in the study area can be reconstructed as follows: (1) during the late Caledonian orogeny, the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician marine source rocks had gone through the peak oil, wet gas and dry gas generation stages, with the generated oil and gas migrating upwards along faults and fractures to form early oil and gas accumulations in the Middle–Upper Ordovician and Silurian sandstone reservoirs; (2) since the late Yanshanian orogeny, the early oil accumulations have been buried deeper and oil has undergone thermal cracking to form gas; (3) during the late Himalayan orogeny, the seals for the deep reservoirs were breached; and the gas and condensates migrated upward and eventually accumulating in the relatively shallow Jurassic reservoirs.     

柞水原划泥盆系中发现早前寒武纪变质岩系

本文阐述了作者在1：5万区调填图中,从柞水地区商丹断裂带南侧原划泥盆系刘岭群桐峪寺组中解体出前寒武纪中深变质岩系,取得了同位素全岩Sm－Nd年龄平均值2499．83Ma的数据,这对研究秦岭造山带的演化具有重要的地质意义。     

晋冀内蒙交界区下地壳流变性质的实验研究及其构造演化意义

酸性和基性麻粒岩的高温度压实验表明,基稳态流动律分别为：ε＝２０．７ｅｘｐ（－２８８／ＲＴ）·Δσ＾３．０和ε＝１０＾６．５９ｅｘｐ（－４２５／ＲＴ）·Δσ＾３．０２,并可与加拿大地盾的麻粒岩流动津相比。在下地壳的温度７００℃-１０００℃、压力１．０Ｇｐａ-１．２ＧＰａ和应变率１０＾－４／ｓ￣１０＾－７／ｓ条件下,岩石变形以韧性变形为主,并发育韧性剪切带,其中辉石和斜长石极易发生动态重结晶及定向排成线理,石英则巳静态恢复,此结果与野外观察的吻合。下地壳的宏观流变模型显示,增厚型下地壳存在一厚的低蠕变强度层,减薄型地壳则上地壳也出现低强度层,太陆下地壳这种低蠕变强度层的流变性质有助于岩石圈增厚和减薄的发生。     

论遥感图像地质成因模型方法

通过对地质原型的研究,将遥感图像中的地质要素分类、定级,并分别赋之以地质属性,使各种地质要素具有具体的地质涵义,然后将它们反馈到全区遥感图像上。在研究遥感图像地质机理的基础上,实现对研究原型的简化与抽象,建立起测区的遥感图像地质成因模型,用以矿产预测．     

21世纪黄河下游防洪减灾对策

黄河是受人类活动强烈影响的河流,随着人类活动对流域环境的影响日趋增强,进入黄河下游的水沙条件发生了重大改变,防洪出现了许多新情况、新问题。黄河水资源进一步开发利用,下游牵断流及小水时间逐年延长,黄河将无有效输沙水量,如果来沙不能控制,现行河道的行洪能力和寿命将始终是中国的忧患。小浪底水库２００１年投入运用后,对黄河下游又将强烈堆积。２１世纪社会经济发展对黄河下游防洪减灾提出了更高要求,根据多年对黄