Soil Seed Banks and Forest Succession Direction Reflect Soil Quality in Ziwuling Mountain,Loess Plateau,China

The paper presents a study by taking the soil seed banks and vegetation successions of the forests in Ziwuling Mountain as indicators to analyze the effects of the ages, and the litter layers and soil depths at growing locations in seven types of forest communities on their seed bank formations and soil quality. The results showed that the seed banks at different growing locations in the communities increased in the order of upper slope, middle slope, and lower slope; the seed storages of the seed banks in the different layers of the communities varied, much more higher in the litter layers than in 0–15 cm, and the seed storages of the seed banks in the seven types of forest communities ranked in the increasing order of Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Pinus shenkaneusis forest, Quercus liaotungensis forest, Populus davidiana forest, Betula platyphylla forest, scrub communities, and grassland communities; in the meantime, the seed storage of seed banks peaked in 30–50 years old P. shenkaneusis forest, 30–40 years old P. tabulaeformis forest, 15–30 years old Q. liaotungensis, and P. davidiana and B. platyphylla forests, and 10–15 years old scrub and grassland communities, and the ages of the communities varied with the seed storages of the seed banks in a significantly correlative manner following a fitted exponential equation. In addition, the soil seed banks of the seven types of communities consisted of rich and diverse species with the herbaceous and shrub species greatly outnumbering the arbor species; in general, the coniferous forests were composed of 31 kinds of plants, the deciduous and broadleaf forests consisted of 20–29 plant species, the shrubs contained 27 plant species, and the herbaceous plants numbered 20 plant species; The various species compositions contained only 4–6 arbor species with most being foreign species. In each of the compositions, Bothriochloa ischemum was the grassland plant with the highest occurrence frequency, Sophora viciifolia and Hippophae reamnoides were the shrub plants with the highest occurrence frequencies, and Q. liaotungensis was the arbor plant with the highest occurrence frequency, and they followed by P. shenkaneusis and P. tabulaeformis. These results showed that soil seed banks and forest successions are better indicators for soil quality from natural successions.     

西昆仑落石沟一带铅锌矿成矿规律与找矿前景

西昆仑落石沟矿带是新疆西南部重要的成矿区带,落石沟矿带已发现铁、铜、铅锌矿(床)点13处,成矿潜力巨大。文章在综合前人工作成果的基础上,就区域内铅锌矿的分布规律、成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、区域物化探异常特征、成矿模式、控矿因素等方面进行了介绍,重点以宝塔山、多宝山铅锌矿作为典型矿床对其成矿特征进行了分析和对比,指出西昆仑落石沟一带为寻找MVT型(碳酸盐岩容矿型)铅锌矿的有利地区,初步总结了该成矿带铅锌矿的控矿规律,确定了区域预测要素,提出了找矿有利地区。     

石家庄地区反射率因子垂直廓线特征分析

利用自动雨量计数据整理成的10 min一次的雨量资料和s波段多普勒天气雷达体积扫描强度数据,对石家庄地区2004～2007年4次天气过程的实时雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的特征进行了分析.结果表明:层状云和混合性降水反射率因子垂直廓线有明显的零度层亮带;短时强降水过程的反射率因子垂直廓线不存在零度层亮带.冰雹过程中反射率凼子垂直廓线变化较大,降雹前反射率因子的极大值在中上层,降雹发生时反射率因子的极大值高度下降,降雹后反射率因子的极大值减弱.降雪过程的反射率因子垂直廓线零度层亮带不明显.在石家庄西部山区,由于零度层亮带的影响.对层状云和混合性降水回波强度和降水量估计偏高.对短时强降水过程的地面降水估计用反射率因子垂直廓线的方法比最低仰角法更加准确,在均匀性降水中可较好地改善地面雨量估算结果,有利于在山区和无雨量计的地区判断强对流天气的发生、发展和估算降水量的大小.     

郑州地磁台数字化与模拟资料的对比分析

选取郑州台2002年地磁相对观测D、Z分量资料,对同期数字化和模拟观测数据采用日变形态、趋势分析、差值分析、极值时间等方法作对比分析。结果表明:两种观测一致性较好,说明数字化仪器观测的数据是可靠的,用来代替模拟仪器是可行的,但因数字化仪器还存在观测数据突跳的问题,尚需作进一步的改进和完善。     

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊与地下水的补给来源及化学组成(英文)

Based on the analysis of ion chemical composition of lake water and shallow groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert, this paper discussed the characteristics of ion chemical composition, spatial variation of lake water, and possible supply sources of lake water and groundwater in the desert areas. The results show that the pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity of the lake water are greater than those of groundwater. The ion con-tents of water samples are dominated by Na+ and Cl?. Most of the higher salinity lakes are Na (K)-Cl-(SO4) type, and a few of low salinity lakes belong to the Na-(Mg)-(Ca)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type. Most of the groundwater is Na-(Ca)-(Mg)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type, attributed to subsaline lake, and only a few present the Na-Cl-SO4 type, flowing under saline lake. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the southeastern lakes are relatively low, and there are slightly alkaline lakes. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the northern lakes are much greater than those of the southeastern lakes, and the northern lakes are moderately alkaline and saline ones. In the southeastern part of the Badain Jaran Desert, the ion chemical characteristics of the lake water from south to north show a changing trend of sub-saline →saline→hypersaline. The changing trend of chemical compositions of ions in recent 9 years indicates that most of the ion contents have a shade of reduction in Boritaolegai, Badain, Nuoertu and Huhejilin lakes, which state clearly that the amount of fresh water supply is increasing in the 9-year period. The ion chemical composition of the lake water reveals that the flow direction of lake water is from southeast to northwest in the Badain Jaran Desert. The ion chemical composition, moisture content of sand layer water level height and hierarchical cluster analysis of the lake water and groundwater demonstrate that the lake water is mainly supplied by local rainfall and infiltration of precipitation in Yabulai Mountains and Heishantou Mountain, and the supply from the Qilian Mountains is almost impossible.     

"98·7"鄂东特大暴雨雷达反演资料的变分同化数值试验

采用η坐标中尺度有限区域模式,对"98·7"鄂东沿江突发性特大暴雨进行了数字化天气雷达探测降水资料调整湿度廓线的一维变分同化的敏感性试验.结果表明(1)最速下降算法的控制精度EPS取值越小,则变分同化后模式预报的降水量更接近于实况,但迭代次数会增加.(2)降水资料进行同化时,在一定程度上忽略降水量值相对较小的点的同化,对结果不会产生重大影响,但降雨核(强降水中心)的同化至关重要,其参与同化与否可以影响整个预报效果.     

徐庄子地震台地电阻率直流供电对地磁观测的干扰研究

探讨地电直流供电对GM4分钟值数据干扰的解决方案,及施工改造效果.结果表明,引入地埋铠装电缆布设外线,可以屏蔽直流供电产生的部分感应磁场,较好的解决台站场地条件的限制,提高GM4分钟值数据的观测质量.     

环渤海地区中心城市金融竞争力评价及辐射研究

以环渤海地区中心城市为研究区域,通过建立城市金融竞争力评价指标体系,运用突变级数法、主成分分析法、层次分析法对环渤海地区中心城市金融竞争力进行综合评价,并通过威尔逊模型揭示了中心城市的辐射范围。环渤海地区中心城市金融发展不平衡,北京的城市金融竞争力遥遥领先于其他城市;环渤海地区并未形成一个紧密联系的金融辐射网络,金融一体化还不成熟,仍有金融盲区的存在;各中心城市在发挥自身优势的同时应打破地区间行政壁垒,优势互补,协同发展,带动环渤海地区金融发展。     

青海大柴旦断裂古地震特征

通过卫星影像解译发现,青海海西地区大柴旦东侧山前洪积扇上发育了一条影像特征清晰、连续性较好的活动断裂带,被称为大柴旦断裂。野外追踪调查确认该断裂为一条总体走向NNW(340°左右),长度约125km的活动断裂带。该断裂属柴达木盆地北缘断裂系的重要组成部分,晚第四纪构造活动具挤压逆冲特征兼右旋走滑分量。山前冲洪积扇保存有多级较小的断层陡坎、断层沟槽和冲沟右旋等断错地貌现象。利用差分GPS技术对断层陡坎进行测量,单条小陡坎的高度一般为0.5~1m,多条陡坎组合累积高度为3~5m。通过对2个天然古地震剖面和3个探槽剖面进行综合分析,最前缘的主控断层为逆冲断层,后缘表现为张性正断层的组合形式,断裂新构造活动具有逐渐向山前扩展的特征。根据样品14C测年结果大致确定了5次古地震事件,其中全新世以来有4次;古地震时间具有准周期性,其复发间隔约为2 000年。最近一次古地震事件的离逝时间是(1 935±60)a B.P.之后,说明大柴旦断裂离逝时间与复发间隔较接近,地震危险性比较高。     

矿物的导电类型与矿物形成温度的关系

通过杂质对导电类型的影响的研究,得出了同种矿物的不同导电类型与矿物形成温度的规律:电子型(n型)导电矿物的形成温度大于电子与空穴混合型导电矿物的形成温度,又大于空穴型(p型)导电矿物的形成温度,绝缘体矿物的形成温度低于上述三种导电类型矿物。应用矿物热电图谱仪,天然金刚石半导体测试仪对闪锌矿、黄铁矿、金刚石等矿物的导电类型进行了测试,并探讨了导电类型成因,证实了上述规律的正确性。