Assessing the Measurement Consistency Between the Jason-2/AMR and SARAL/AltiKa/DFMR Microwave Radiometers Using Simultaneous Nadir Observations

SARAL/AltiKa has a Dual Frequency Microwave Radiometer (DFMR), and Jason-2 has an Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR). Both microwave radiometer sensors include a 23.8 GHz primary water sensing channel. The measurement consistencies between DFMR and AMR are important for establishing a consistent altimetry data set between SARAL/AltiKa and Jason-2 in order to accurately assess sea level rise in a long-term time series. This study investigates the measurement consistency in the 23.8 GHz channel between DFMR and AMR at the Simultaneous Nadir Overpasses (SNO's) between the two satellites and also at coldest ocean brightness temperature locations. Preliminary results show that while both instruments show no significant trends over the one year since the launch of SARAL, a consistent relative bias of 2.88 K (DFMR higher than AMR) with a standard deviation of 0.98 K is observed. The relative bias at the lowest brightness temperature from the SNO method (-3.82 K) is consistent with that calculated from coldest ocean method (-3.74 K). The relative bias exhibits strong latitude (and scene temperature) dependency, changing from -3.82 K at high latitudes to -0.92 K near the equator. There also exists an asymmetry between the northern and southern hemisphere. The relative bias increases toward the lower end of brightness temperature.     

倾向性评分匹配法评估手术联合术中放疗在肝癌治疗中的安全性及有效性

目的 倾向性评分匹配法（Propensity Score Matching,PSM）评估手术联合术中放疗治疗原发性肝癌的安全性及疗效。方法 收集2009~2012年于笔者医院肝胆外科行手术联合术中放疗（intraoperative electron radiotherapy,IOERT）的18例原发性肝癌（primary liver cancer,PLC）患者的临床资料,其中16例经术后病理证实为肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）,2例为肝内胆管细胞癌（intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas,ICC）;采用倾向性评分匹配方法,按照1∶2比例从同期行单纯手术的原发性肝癌患者中筛选出36例做为对照组（32例HCC,4例ICC）,比较两组患者术中及术后并发症发生情况及HCC患者术后早期（2年内）复发率。结果 所有患者均获随访,随访率100%。两组患者术中出血量、术后3个月内肝功能、凝血功能、血常规及术后住院天数的比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,仅在手术时长方面,联合IOERT组长于单纯手术组（P=0.000）。此外,联合IOERT组术后出现1例急性肾功能衰竭和1例胸腔积液,单纯手术组术后出现1例肝创面出血。在疗效方面,以两组48例HCC患者为研究对象,联合IOERT组的HCC患者为16例,其中6例在2年内复发,早期复发率为37.5%;单纯手术组的HCC患者为32例,20例在2年内复发,早期复发率为62.5%,两组早期复发率的比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.101）。结论 手术联合术中放疗治疗原发性肝癌安全可行,尽管联合放疗组早期复发率低于单纯手术组,但差异并无统计学意义。     

近几十年来西北江三角洲网河区顶点的河相关系

据西北江三角洲网河区顶点马口、三水两水文站1959－1988年的实测大断面、流量、流速和水位资料，采用Leopold的水力几何形态关系建立断面河相关系，探讨两水文观测断面的河相关系特征、年际变化及河相关系的差异。河相关系表明，西北江三角洲的断面水力几何形态指数β1值相对较小，而β3值相对较大，代表了珠江特有的丰水少沙河流的河相关系。     

三门峡市冰雹出现规律与防雹工作探讨

利用1971-2005年三门峡市冰雹天气过程资料,分析了冰雹时空分布特征、主要影响系统、本站要素指标及雷达回波特征等,结果表明:渑池县降雹次数最多,灵宝次之,卢氏最少;降雹集中在4-8月,13-19时降雹几率最高.三门峡降雹的天气形势主要有蒙古-华北冷槽、冷涡型和西北气流型.受上述天气系统影响时,500 hPa有冷平流,若地面连续2～3天增温增湿,有可能出现冰雹天气.此外,雹云雷达回波强度＞50 dBz,云顶高度＞10 km,云顶温度＜-40℃,垂直积分液态含水量有明显的跃升.是降雹的前兆.     

Geomatics 与数字地球

本文论述了Geomatics的内涵及特点,强调了数字地球是真实地球的数字化再现,是信息高度富集的统一体,是当代科学技术高度发展的产物,也是人类资源共享的一种概念模式.两者包含了地球系统的相关内容,并以3S等技术为支撑.知识经济时代对地理学提出了诸多问题,人类必须从全球的角度研究一系列资源环境问题,以保证全球性可持续发展战略的实施.     

Numerical modeling of shallow water table behavior with Lisse effect

Air entrapment is an important consideration in environments with shallow water tables and sandy soil, like the condition of highly conductive sandy soils and flat topography in Florida, USA. It causes water table rises in soils, which are significantly faster and higher than those in soils without air entrapment. Two numerical models, Integrated Hydrologic Model (IHM) and HYDRUS-1D (a single-phase, one-dimensional Richards′ equation model) were tested at an area of west central Florida to help further understanding the shallow water table behavior during a long term air entrapment. This investigation employed field data with two modeling approaches to quantify the variation of air pressurization values. It was found that the air pressurization effect was responsible at time up to 40 cm of water table rise being recorded by the observation well for these two models. The values of air pressurization calculated from IHM and HYDRUS-1D match the previously published values. Results also indicated that the two numerical models did not consider air entrapment effect (as the predictive parameters remain uncertain) and thus results of depth to water table from these models did not compare to the observations for these selected periods. Incorporating air entrapment in prediction models is critical to reproduce shallow water table observations.     

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Study on electric variations of media in epicentral area by geomagnetic transfer functions

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