扬子地块西南缘晚古生代基性岩浆岩的性质与古特提斯洋的演化

扬子地块西南缘晚泥盆世至晚二叠世的基性岩浆岩具有大体类似的地球化学性质, 它们均富集Ｔｉ（ＴｉＯ２＞ ２％ ）、ＬＩＬＥ和ＬＲＥＥ（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ＝ ４．８～１４．６）,Ｔｉ／Ｖ（３２～６７）、Ｔｉ／Ｙ（４００～６９３）和Ｚｒ／Ｙ（３．２～７．６）比值高,具洋岛玄武岩的特征,推测它们均与地幔柱岩浆的活动有关。该地幔柱岩浆活动的时期与古特提斯洋盆演化的时期大体吻合, 但地幔柱岩浆开始喷发的中心与古特提斯初始扩张的中心相距甚远,看来,金沙江－哀牢山洋盆的张开与地幔柱岩浆活动无关。从晚泥盆世至晚二叠世,地幔柱岩浆活动的规模和强度逐渐增加,玄武岩分布中心从广西的南宁－百色之间逐渐向北西３１０°方向迁移了约６００ ｋｍ ,推测这一迁移轨迹可能受金沙江－哀牢山洋盆扩张的影响。据此估计, 金沙江－哀牢山洋盆宽度可达约１ ０００ ｋｍ 。据地幔柱岩浆轨迹与金沙江－哀牢山缝合带所夹的角度推测, 扬子地块可能经历了顺时针旋转, 与古地磁资料一致。     

Ensemble retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles from AIRS

ABSTRACT Satellite-based observations provide great opportunities for improving weather forecasting. Physical retrieval of atmo spheric profiles from satellite observations is sensitive to the uncertainty of the first guess and other factors. In order to improve the accuracy of the physical retrieval, an ensemble methodology was developed with an emphasis on perturbing the first guess. In the methodology, a normal probability density function （PDF） is used to select the optimal profile from the ensemble retrievals. The ensemble retrieval algorithm contains four steps： （1） regression retrieval for original first guess; （2） perturbation of the original first guess to generate new first guesses （ensemble first guesses）; （3） using the ensemble first guesses and nonlinear iterative physical retrieval to generate ensemble physical results; and （4） the final optimal profile is selected from the ensemble physical results by using PDE Temperature eigenvectors （EVs） were used to generate the pertur- bation and generate the ensemble first guess. Compared with the regular temperature profile retrievals from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder （AIRS）, the ensemble retrievals RMSE of temperature profiles selected by the PDF was reduced between 150 and 320 hPa and below 400 hPa, with a maximum improvement of 0.3 K at 400 hPa. The bias was also reduced in many layers, with a maximum improvement of 0.69 K at 460 hPa. The combined optimal （CombOpt） profile and a mean optimal （MeanOpt） profile of all ensemble physical results were improved below 150 hPa. The MeanOpt profile was better than the CombOpt profile, and was regarded as the final optimal （FinOpt） profile. This study lays the foundation for improving temperature retrievals from hyper-spectral infrared radiance measurements.     

近地等离子体片中磁场扰动和离子速度扰动的统计研究

利用THEMIS THC卫星观测数据统计分析近地等离子体片中磁场扰动和等离子体整体流的速度扰动的关系,研究Alfven波动的活动性.研究结果表明:1)等离子体整体流的速度扰动幅度依赖于平均速度的大小,速度扰动幅度随平均速度的增加而增加;2)速度扰动幅度与磁场扰动幅度存在较强的正相关性;3)磁场扰动幅度与AE指数密切相关,磁场扰动幅度随着AE指数增加而增加,而速度扰动幅度与AE指数之间没有明显的相关性;4)Alfven比与AE指数的相关系数较小,但能够看出Alfven比随着AE指数增加而减小的趋势;5)速度扰动幅度和磁场扰动幅度与尾向距离及距中性片距离的关系不明显.     

虾池生态系能流结构分析

阐述虾池生态系的能流结构,将虾池生态系分为两个亚系统：浮游亚系统与底栖亚系统,在浮游亚系统中有３个功能群,底栖亚系统中有５个功能群。系统的能量来源为人工投饵和太阳光。研究分析两个亚系统中各个生物状态变量的公式表达及其在系统中的功能,阐明了能量在系统中的流动方向和公式表达。浮游亚系统与底栖亚系统通过ＰＯＣ的沉降过程以及营养盐在沉积物中的生物地化循环再生后,经由水／底界面进入水体而耦合。     

矿区公路平面坐标计算方法

根据公路测量中几种基本的平面线型——直线、园曲线、缓和曲线和卯型曲线的特点,直接给出各线型的中桩坐标和切线方位角的计算公式,根据中桩坐标的计算结果及边线桩至道路中线的水平距离,计算边线桩的坐标。这4种线型的计算公式非常适宜于极坐标法放样矿区公路的中桩和边桩计算。对于较长矿区公路的测量,可以把它分解成多个直线、园曲线和缓和曲线等图元对象,再运用其相应公式进行计算。     

1998年5月29日皮山县6.2级地震烈度分布特征及损失评估

１９９８年５月２９日皮山县发生６．２级地震,震中距皮山县城约３９ｋｍ,震源深度为３２ｋｍ,烈度分布区为北西－南东走向的椭圆形,极震区烈度为Ⅶ度,个别点为Ⅷ度,地震使皮山县县城,９个乡,２个镇,２个农场,墨玉县部分地区遭到不同程度的损失。共计受伤人数为２６人,其中重伤为２人,无家可归者人数为５５６６人,１３９２户,牲畜死亡４４５４头。地震造成的直接经济损失达５４８６．７５万元。     

The potential hydrothermal systems unexplored in the Southwest Indian Ocean

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents possess complex ecosystems and abundant metallic mineral deposits valuable to human being. On-axial vents along tectonic plate boundaries have achieved prominent results and obtained huge resources, while nearly 90% of the global mid-ocean ridge and the majority of the off-axial vents buried by thick oceanic sediments within plates remain as relatively undiscovered domains. Based on previous detailed investigations, hydrothermal vents have been mapped along five sections along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) with different bathymetry, spreading rates, and gravity features, two at the western end (10°–16°E Section B and 16°–25°E Section C) and three at the eastern end (49°–52°E Section D, 52°–61°E Section E and 61°–70°E Section F). Hydrothermal vents along the Sections B, C, E and F with thin oceanic crust are hosted by ultramafic rocks under tectonic-controlled magmatic-starved settings, and hydrothermal vents along the Section D are associated with exceed magmatism. Limited coverage of investigations is provided along the 35°–47°E SWIR (between Marion and Indomed fracture zones) and a lot of research has been done around the Bouvet Island, while no hydrothermal vents has been reported. Analyzing bathymetry, gravity and geochemical data, magmatism settings are favourable for the occurrence of hydrothermal systems along these two sections. An off-axial hydrothermal system in the southern flank of the SWIR that exhibits ultra-thin oceanic crust associated with an oceanic continental transition is postulated to exist along the 100-Ma slow-spreading isochron in the Enderby Basin. A discrete, denser enriched or less depleted mantle beneath the Antarctic Plate is an alternative explanation for the large scale thin oceanic crust concentrated on the southern flank of the SWIR.     

基于HYCOM再分析数据研究琉球海流的形成与起源

The origin of the Ryukyu Current(RC) and the formation of its subsurface velocity core were investigated using a 23-year(1993–2015) global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM) dataset. The volume transport of the RC comes from the Kuroshio eastward branch(KEB) east of Taiwan and part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre(pNPSG). From the surface to 2 000 m depth, the KEB(p-NPSG) transport contributes 41.5%(58.5%) to the mean total RC transport. The KEB originally forms the subsurface velocity core of the RC east of Taiwan due to blockage of the subsurface Kuroshio by the Ilan Ridge(sill depth: 700 m). Above 700 m, the Kuroshio can enter the East China Sea(ECS) over the Ilan Ridge, meanwhile, the blocked Kuroshio below 700 m turns to the right and flows along the Ryukyu Islands. With the RC flowing northeastward, the p-NPSG contribution strengthens the subsurface maximum structure of the RC owing to the blockage of the Ryukyu Ridge. In the surface layer, the pNPSG cannot form a stable northeastward current due to frequent disturbance by mesoscale eddies and water exchange through the gaps(with net volume transport into ECS) between the Ryukyu Islands.