An Efficient Numerical Method for Computing Synthetic Seismograms for a Layered Half-space with Sources and Receivers at Close or Same Depths

— It is difficult to compute synthetic seismograms for a layered half-space with sources and receivers at close to or the same depths using the generalized R/T coefficient method (Kennett, 1983; Luco and Apsel, 1983; Yao and Harkrider, 1983; Chen, 1993), because the wavenumber integration converges very slowly. A semi-analytic method for accelerating the convergence, in which part of the integration is implemented analytically, was adopted by some authors (Apsel and Luco, 1983; Hisada, 1994, 1995). In this study, based on the principle of the Repeated Averaging Method (Dahlquist and Björck, 1974; Chang, 1988), we propose an alternative, efficient, numerical method, the peak-trough averaging method (PTAM), to overcome the difficulty mentioned above. Compared with the semi-analytic method, PTAM is not only much simpler mathematically and easier to implement in practice, but also more efficient. Using numerical examples, we illustrate the validity, accuracy and efficiency of the new method.     

遥感支持下的景洪巴卡少数民族土地利用空间变化研究

土地利用是人类活动最直观的反应,人地关系是影响环境变化的主体因素,是制定区域可持续发展、实施生物多样性保护的内核;航空航天遥感（ＲＳ）从时间和空间上扩大了人们的视野,是监测自然因素和人为作用所引起森林植被及土地利用动态变化的有力、高效的手段。在ＲＳ技术支持下,采用不同年代、不同分辨率、不同比例尺,时间跨度为３０年的航空航天遥感,对热带雨林景洪巴卡土地结构及变迁进行分析研究,探索森林土地空间动态变化对土地利用、可持续发展的影响,对区域环境的影响等,为当地政府提供决策依据。     

城郊"水土流失带"的结构、特征与治理模式研究

从生态学和地理学的角度提出“水土流失带”的概念,及其在城市边缘地区的分布,剖析了它的空间结构,物质组成结构,指出其域界范围,宽度、“环状”;分布,垂直结构特征及物质组成结构的多元性。     

浙江省慈溪市宗汉镇乡镇企业发展调查

本文调查分析了慈溪市宗汉镇乡镇企业发展过程中的经验与教训,以期对浙江省乡镇企业在新形势下的第二次创业提供参考。     

国际大都市经验与广州城市交通的建设和管理

运用比较分析的方法,将广州市与国际著名大都市道路交通建设和管理的实践进行了对照,找出广州市目前存在的主要问题,借鉴国际大都市在城市道路建设和管理中的成功经验,提出合理规划布局广州市城市道路系统和科学管理城区交通的一些措施和对策。     

对我国城市化研究的再考察

本文通过对当前我国城市化研究领域中一些观点的重新考察,以务实的态度提出有关我国城市化进程,城市规模,城市化转移空间,郊区化等问题的探讨性看法,指出城市化既要遵循经济规律,又要发挥政府的适当调控,不拘于西方模式与简单的现象分析,追求城市实质性的健康,有序,持续发展,才是城市化的主旨。     

祁连山讨赖河流域1957—2012年极端气候变化

全球气候变化背景下,极端气候事件发生的频率逐年增大,由此引发的气象灾害事件也随之增加。鉴此,本文利用祁连山讨赖河流域1957—2012年的气象观测资料,对该流域23个极端气候指数的时空变化特征做了研究。结果表明：（1）极端气温升高趋势明显,夜间和白天极端低温日数显著减少,极端气温昼指数显著增大;气温日较差变化幅度很小,霜冻日数显著减少,生长季长度明显加长,冰冻日数2000年后增加;夜指数增大幅度大于昼指数,秋、冬季极端气温升高幅度大于春、夏季。（2）极端降水指数增大趋势明显,雨日降水总量、连续五日降水总量和中雨天数均展现出增大态势,反映出连续降水事件的增加;极端降水量事件增大显著,但雨日降水强度变化不大;除最多连续无降水日数外,极端降水日数指数展现出增大趋势;降水日数夏、秋季节分配趋向均匀化;降水量的增加主要是单次降水时间持续加长和中雨日数增加的贡献;高海拔区极端降水事件发生的频次较大。     

四川盆地紫色土温度状况的确定

以气象资料为基础，为土壤系统分类的需要，估计了四川盆地紫色土的温度状况，采用逐步回归方法，从与土温相关的１０项气象因素中，筛选出６项主要影响因素。根据本区土层浅薄的特点，建立了不同深度土层的土温计算方程。计算结果表明，按土壤系统分类的土温状况诊断标准，本区拥有热性土壤温度状况。     

δ~(18)O, δD and d-excess signatures of ground ice in permafrost in the Beiluhe Basin on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

In this paper, stable isotope(δ~(18)O, δD) investigations were completed in ground ice from a deep borehole in the Beiluhe Basin on northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to unravel the isotopic variations of ground ice and their possible source water. The δ~(18)O and δD of ground ice show distinctive characteristics compared with precipitation and surface water. The near-surface ground ice is highly enriched in heavier isotopes(δ~(18)O and δD), which were gradually depleted from top to bottom along the profile. It is suggestive of different origin and ice formation process. According to isotopic variations, the ice profile was divided into three sections: the near-surface ground ice at 2.5 m is frozen by the active-layer water which suffered evaporation. It is possible that ground ice between 3 and 4.2 m is recharged by the infiltration of snowmelt. From 5 to 6 m, the ground ice show complex origin and formation processes. Isotopic variations from 6 to 11.1 m and 20.55 m indicate different replenishment water. The calculated slope of freezing line(S=6.4) is larger than the experimental value(5.76), and is suggestive of complex origin and formation process of ground ice.