四川盆地紫色土温度状况的确定

以气象资料为基础，为土壤系统分类的需要，估计了四川盆地紫色土的温度状况，采用逐步回归方法，从与土温相关的１０项气象因素中，筛选出６项主要影响因素。根据本区土层浅薄的特点，建立了不同深度土层的土温计算方程。计算结果表明，按土壤系统分类的土温状况诊断标准，本区拥有热性土壤温度状况。     

δ~(18)O, δD and d-excess signatures of ground ice in permafrost in the Beiluhe Basin on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

In this paper, stable isotope(δ~(18)O, δD) investigations were completed in ground ice from a deep borehole in the Beiluhe Basin on northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to unravel the isotopic variations of ground ice and their possible source water. The δ~(18)O and δD of ground ice show distinctive characteristics compared with precipitation and surface water. The near-surface ground ice is highly enriched in heavier isotopes(δ~(18)O and δD), which were gradually depleted from top to bottom along the profile. It is suggestive of different origin and ice formation process. According to isotopic variations, the ice profile was divided into three sections: the near-surface ground ice at 2.5 m is frozen by the active-layer water which suffered evaporation. It is possible that ground ice between 3 and 4.2 m is recharged by the infiltration of snowmelt. From 5 to 6 m, the ground ice show complex origin and formation processes. Isotopic variations from 6 to 11.1 m and 20.55 m indicate different replenishment water. The calculated slope of freezing line(S=6.4) is larger than the experimental value(5.76), and is suggestive of complex origin and formation process of ground ice.     

高脂饮食大鼠肾脏HMGCS2表达及调控研究

目的 探讨高脂饮食大鼠肾脏3-羟基-3甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶2（HMGCS2）表达及可能调控机制。方法 断乳Wistar 雄性大鼠27只分为3组：正常对照组（CON）、高脂组（HFG）、绿茶多酚（green tea polyphenols,GTPs）组（G）。CON组大鼠喂养普通饲料,HFG组及GTPs组给予高脂饲料,GTPs组同时自由摄食绿茶多酚浓度为1.6g/L水溶液。26周后测定空腹血糖（FPG）、血清胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）。免疫印迹法测定肾脏HMGCS2和Sirt3蛋白表达水平。结果 与CON组比较,HFG组大鼠体重和脂肪系数升高,血清FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C/HDLC均升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与HFG组比较,GTPs降低大鼠体重和脂肪系数,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,GTPs组血清FPG、TC、TG、LDL-C/HDLC均不同程度降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与CON组比较,肾脏组织HMGCS2的表达降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与HFG组比较,GTPs组增加肾脏HMGCS2的表达,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。高脂饮食、正常饮食和GTPs干预后,大鼠肾脏组织Sirt3蛋白表达差异无统计学意义。结论 高脂饮食可降低肾脏组织HMGCS2表达,绿茶多酚可逆转此效应;高脂饮食及绿茶多酚对肾脏组织HMGCS2表达的调控不经Sirt3途径。     

平均血小板体积变化在急性胰腺炎中的临床意义及治疗效果评估价值

目的 探讨平均血小板体积等参数在急性胰腺炎病程中变化的临床意义及其对治疗效果评估的价值。方法 回顾性分析53例轻症急性胰腺炎（MAP）患者、25例重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者和40例健康者（对照组）的临床资料,检测平均血小板体积（MPV）、血小板计数（PLT）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）、白细胞计数（WBC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）及血清钙离子浓度（Ca²⁺）等指标。比较并分析上述指标在急性胰腺炎病程中及治疗前后的变化。结果 与对照组比较,急性胰腺炎患者入院时MPV显著升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与MAP组比较,SAP组入院时MPV明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;SAP组中,MPV在入院后第3天较入院时进一步升高,至入院第5天、第7天逐渐下降;SAP组中,MPV在病程中各时间点与MAP组比较均显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与治疗前比较,急性胰腺炎患者治疗后MPV显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 急性胰腺炎患者平均血小板体积与病情严重程度及治疗效果相关。     

中小城市基本公共服务水平区域均等化的动态分析

选取基础教育、社会保障、基本医疗、公共文化四大类指标,利用2008—2013年我国26个省份163个中小城市的统计数据,测度了其基本公共服务水平区域均等化程度的动态变化。结果表明:中小城市基本公共服务平均水平呈上升趋势;基础教育和基本医疗的区域均等化程度较好,社会保障和公共文化的区域差异较大;基本公共服务水平表现出空间集聚发展态势,东高西低的分布格局呈加剧之势。优化公共财政体制建设,加强省份间协同发展是促进基本公共服务均等化的重要途径。     

Tracking embodied carbon flows in the Belt and Road regions

In the past few decades, economic globalization has driven rapid growth of cross-border trade and a new international division of labor, leading to increasing inter- country embodied carbon flows. Multi-region input-output (MRIO) analysis is used to identify embodied carbon flows between major world regions, including seven regions along the Belt and Road (BR), and the spatial distribution of production- and consumption-based carbon intensities. The results show that current embodied carbon flows are virtually all from BR regions to developed countries, with more than 95% of world net embodied carbon exports coming from BR regions. Consumption in the United States and European Union countries induce about 30% of the carbon emissions in most BR regions, indicating that the former bear a high proportion of consumers’ responsibility for the carbon emitted in the latter. For this reason, measuring environmental responsibilities from consumption rather than a production- based perspective is more equitable, while developing countries should be given a louder voice in the construction through dialogue and cooperation, in part in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, of an inclusive global climate governance system.     

A method to obtain soil-moisture estimates over bare agricultural fields in arid areas by using multi-angle RADARSAT-2 data

Soil moisture is an important parameter for agriculture, meteorological, and hydrological studies. This paper focuses on soil-moisture estimation methodology based on the multi-angle high-and low-incidence-angle mode RADARSAT-2 data obtained over bare agricultural fields in an arid area. Backscattering of the high-and low-incidence angles is simulated by using AIEM(advanced integral equation model), with the surface-roughness estimation model built based on the simulated data. Combining the surface-roughness estimation model with the backscattering model of the low-incidence-angle mode, a soil-moisture estimation method is put forward. First, the natural logarithm(ln) of soil moisture was obtained and then the soil moisture calculated. Soil moisture of the study area in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, was obtained based on this method; a good agreement was observed between the estimated and measured soil moisture. The coefficient of determination was 0.85, and the estimation precision reached 4.02% in root mean square error(RMSE). The results illustrate the high potential of the approach developed and RADARSAT-2 data to monitor soil moisture.     

Modeling spatial and temporal change of soil erosion based on multi-temporal remotely sensed data

In order to monitor the pattern, distribution, and trend of land use/cover change (LUCC) and its impacts on soil erosion, it is highly appropriate to adopt Remote Sensing (RS) data and Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyze, assess, simulate, and predict the spatial and temporal evolution dynamics. In this paper, multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ remotely sensed data are used to generate land cover maps by image classification, and the Cellular Automata Markov (CA_Markov) model is employed to simulate the evolution and trend of landscape pattern change. Furthermore, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is used to evaluate the situation of soil erosion in the case study mining area. The trend of soil erosion is analyzed according to total/average amount of soil erosion, and the rainfall (R), cover management (C), and support practice (P) factors in RUSLE relevant to soil erosion are determined. The change trends of soil erosion and the relationship between land cover types and soil erosion amount are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the CA_Markov model is suitable to simulate and predict LUCC trends with good efficiency and accuracy, and RUSLE can calculate the total soil erosion effectively. In the study area, there was minimal erosion grade and this is expected to continue to decline in the next few years, according to our prediction results.     

崇明岛东滩湿地芦苇光合作用对土壤水盐因子的响应

2015年3~10月,在崇明岛东滩湿地设置7块采样地,以不同水盐条件下生长的芦苇(Phragmites australis)为材料,应用便携式光合系统分析仪(Li-6400),对芦苇的光响应特征进行实地测定,探讨芦苇光合过程对干旱和盐胁迫的响应机理。结果表明:1各月采样日的水位与土壤电导率显著负相关(n=420,p0.01),适当增加土壤水位,有利于降低土壤电导率,从而缓解植物盐胁迫伤害;28月21日的芦苇叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度与水位显著正相关(n=42,p0.01),而与土壤电导率显著负相关(n=42,p0.01);胞间CO2浓度与水位和土壤电导率不相关。当水位高于-50 cm,净光合速率随着水位下降而降低,非气孔因素可能是净光合速率下降的主要原因;当水位低于-50 cm时,土壤电导率高于10 m S/cm,叶片蒸腾速率快速降低,水分利用效率不断提高,芦苇叶片以较低的净光合速率来适应干旱胁迫和盐胁迫;芦苇叶片通过降低最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率、光补偿点和光饱和点等光合生理特征来适应干旱胁迫和盐胁迫;芦苇叶片净光合速率和最大净光合速率对土壤水盐因子具有高度相关性,可以作为土壤水盐胁迫程度的反应指标。因此,在芦苇快速生长阶段,合理调控水位,对芦苇光合作用具有重要意义。