基于关系数据库的地形图符号库的设计

根据地形图符号的特点，给出了地形图符号的分类和定义，并根据地形图符号的构造函数设计了基于关系数据库的地形图符号库。点线面符号均采用关系数据库的记录描述，从而使得符号的配置独立于具体的符号和图形，同一程序基本上可完成所有符号的绘制，方便了符号库的维护和更新，本符号库以ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ Ｆｏｒ Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ作为图形环境，用Ｂｏｒｌａｎｄ Ｃ＋＋作为开发工具开发。     

单波高精度测距系统的研究

本文介绍了测距精度优于１０＾－６的自动高精度测距系统的构成、原理及春应用。     

方差分量估计理论及其在边角网平差中的应用

本文从理论上阐明了MINQE(I,U)(最小范数二次不变无偏估计)方差分量估计出现负方差的原因;论述了存在MINQE(U,NND)估计量的充要条件;对边角网平羞问题而言,MINQE(I,U)估计法不可能同时准确地求出边长误差模型中的m _a ² 和m _b ² 。文章从边角网误差模型的特点出发,提出了一种新的方差分量估计模型(改进的方差分量估计模型),该模型能合理地确定方向和边长的方差分量,从而较好地解决了边角网平差中的定权问题。     

A probabilistic framework for improving reverse geocoding output

Reverse geocoding, which transforms machine‐readable GPS coordinates into human‐readable location information, is widely used in a variety of location‐based services and analysis. The output quality of reverse geocoding is critical because it can greatly impact these services provided to end‐users. We argue that the output of reverse geocoding should be spatially close to and topologically correct with respect to the input coordinates, contain multiple suggestions ranked by a uniform standard, and incorporate GPS uncertainties. However, existing reverse geocoding systems often fail to fulfill these aims. To further improve the reverse geocoding process, we propose a probabilistic framework that includes: (1) a new workflow that can adapt all existing address models and unitizes distance and topology relations among retrieved reference data for candidate selections; (2) an advanced scoring mechanism that quantifies characteristics of the entire workflow and orders candidates according to their likelihood of being the best candidate; and (3) a novel algorithm that derives statistical surfaces for input GPS uncertainties and propagates such uncertainties into final output lists. The efficiency of the proposed approaches is demonstrated through comparisons to the four commercial reverse geocoding systems and through human judgments. We envision that more advanced reverse geocoding output ranking algorithms specific to different application scenarios can be built upon this work.     

Spatiotemporal characteristics of white mold and impacts on yield in soybean fields in South Dakota

ABSTRACT

White mold of soybeans is one of the most important fungal diseases that affect soybean production in South Dakota. However, there is a lack of information on the spatial characteristics of the disease and relationship with soybean yield. This relationship can be explored with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Landsat 8 and a fusion of Landsat 8 and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. This study investigated the patterns of yield in two soybean fields infected with white mold between 2016 and 2017, and estimated yield loss caused by white mold. Results show evidence of clustering in the spatial distribution of yield (Moran’s I = 0.38; p < 0.05 in 2016 and Moran’s I = 0.45; p < 0.05 in 2017) that can be explained by the spatial distribution of white mold in the observed fields. Yield loss caused by white mold was estimated at 36% in 2016 and 56% in 2017 for the worse disease pixels, with the most accurate period for estimating this loss on 21 August and 8 September for 2016 field and 2017 field, respectively. This study shows the potential of free remotely sensed satellite data in estimating yield loss caused by white mold.     

FY-3D and FY-3C onboard observations for differential code biases estimation

GPS Solutions - As parameter estimation and statistical testing are often intimately linked in the processing of observational data, the uncertainties involved in both estimation and testing need...     

A comparison of three widely used GPS triple-frequency precise point positioning models

GPS Solutions - The EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) is a network of continuously operating GNSS stations installed throughout the European continent. The EPN Central Bureau (CB) performs the...     

全国土地利用动态监测结果栅格数据矢量化

为了有效地管理和使用国土资源大调查中的土地利用动态监测成果数据 ,将监测成果及时有效地应用于日常的土地管理和规划中 ,需要建立动态监测数据库。本文阐述了在建立数据库过程中 ,如何将动态监测成果的栅格数据矢量化以及如何将栅格数据和矢量数据统一到一个地理数据库系统中的方法     

定位参数抗差估计的无偏性

根据抗差估计中误差的最基本假设—对称分布 ,考虑到ρ函数的条件及把反对称估计作为抗差估计计算迭代的初始值 ,验证了定位参数的抗差估计值也一定是反对称估计 ,满足无偏性条件 ,得到定位参数的抗差估计是无偏估计。     

一种基于知识的航空影像中道路半自动提取方法

利用线特征算子和多种线状地物跟踪方法建立了一种基于知识的航空影像中道路半自动提取方法。该算法计算量小 ,判断速度快 ,准确率较高 ,并且有较好的适应性。试验表明这是一种良好的道路提取方法。