The concentration of total dissolved CO2 in surface water in ENSO event——The results of investigation during TOGA expeditions

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Artificial upwelling in regular and random waves

Mathematical modeling conducted in this study evaluated the hydrodynamic performance of a wave-driven artificial upwelling device in ocean waves off the Hawaiian islands. The device consisted of a buoy (4.0 m in diameter) and a tail pipe (1.2 m in diameter, 300 m in length) with a flow controlling valve. Random ocean waves off the Hawaiian islands used in the device's modeling analysis were synthesized from a wave spectrum obtained from available data. For comparison, the device's performance was also evaluated in regular waves whose height and period are the same as the significant wave height and wave period of random Hawaiian waves. Modeling results indicated that an upwelling flow of 0.95 m³/sec can be generated by this device in random Hawaiian waves and an upwelling flow rate of 0.45 m³/sec can be generated in regular waves. A simple mathematical model which assumed that the device exactly follows the incident waves was used in previous studies. Analysis results also indicated that the simple model cannot satisfactorily simulate the relative velocity and acceleration of the water column in the device. Since the relative velocity and acceleration are important factors in determining the rate of upwelling flow, the simple model must be applied with caution.     

A review of progress in coupled ocean-atmosphere model developments for ENSO studies in China

El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is the strongest interannual signal that is producedby basinscale processes in the tropical Pacific,with significant effects on weather and climate worldwide.In the past,extensive and intensive international efforts have been devoted to coupled model developments for ENSO studies.A hierarchy of coupled ocean-atmo sphere models has been formulated;in terms of their complexity,they can be categorized into intermediate coupled models(ICMs),hybrid coupled models(HCMs),and fully coupled general circulation models(CGCMs).ENSO modeling has made significant progress over the past decades,reaching a stage where coupled models can now be used to successfully predict ENSO events 6 months to one year in advance.Meanwhile,ENSO exhibits great diversity and complexity as observed in nature,which still cannot be adequately captured by current state-of-the-art coupled models,presenting a challenge to ENSO modeling.We primarily reviewed the long-term efforts in ENSO modeling continually and steadily made at different institutions in China;some selected representative examples are presented here to review the current status of ENSO model developments and applications,which have been actively pursued with noticeable progress being made recently.As ENSO simulations are very sensitive to model formulations and process representations etc.,dedicated efforts have been devoted to ENSO model developments and improvements.Now,different ocean-atmosphere coupled models have been available in China,which exhibit good model performances and have already had a variety of applications to climate modeling,including the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).Nevertheless,large biases and uncertainties still exist in ENSO simulations and predictions,and there are clear rooms for their improvements,which are still an active area of researches and applications.Here,model performances of ENSO simulations are assessed in terms of advantages and disadvantages with these differently formulated coupled models,pinpointing to the areas where they need to be further improved for ENSO studies.These analyses provide valuable guidance for future improvements in ENSO simulations and predictions.     

新疆东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年、氧同位素及其地质构造意义

本文为首次报道东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及氧同位素。北塔山蛇绿混杂岩出露于扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿混杂岩东南端,中蒙边境附近。岩石地球化学表明,其主要为岛弧玄武岩,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式表现为轻稀土相对富集,微量元素的N-MORB标准化蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),存在Nb和Ta负异常,显示了受消减带影响的信息,其可能是准噶尔地区洋壳俯冲-消减的产物。东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩中辉长岩的锆石获得了3组SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,第一组锆石的年龄为494±3Ma(n=14,χ2=1.16),对应δ18O加权平均值为5.2±0.3‰(1σ),与幔源锆石δ18O值(5.3±0.3‰)相一致,代表了辉长岩的形成年龄,亦代表了该蛇绿岩形成时代。辉长岩中第二组锆石的SHRIMP UPb年龄范围为412±13Ma和259~264Ma,对应锆石δ18O值为6.5±0.1‰~11.1±0.1‰,表明它们受到后期高δ18O壳源流体/熔体不同程度的改造。研究区与玄武岩呈侵入接触关系的花岗斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为407±2Ma,代表了该花岗斑岩的形成年龄,并约束了阿尔曼泰洋盆的闭合时限可能为晚志留纪-早泥盆纪。而其对应锆石δ18O值为6.1±0.2‰(1σ),反映了岩浆物质可能主要来源于下伏玄武质洋壳。本文的研究结果不仅表明北塔山蛇绿岩形成于晚寒武世,而且进一步证明它是扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿岩带的东南延伸。更为重要的是,本文的研究还证明锆石O同位素研究与锆石SHRIMP定年研究相结合是合理解释蛇绿岩中锆石年龄复杂性的有效途径之一。     

地理信息系统中动态分段技术的研究

动态分段是一种新的线性特征的动态分析、显示和绘图技术。本文结合ＧＩＳ在公路信息管理领域的应用，论述了动态分段技术产生的根源，动态分段数据库的特点及实现动态分段的算法。以空间数据库和属性数据库的双向查询为例，说明了动态分段技术的具体应用，它的有关算法及命令格式。     

数字高程模型的随机分形算法研究

本文研究了基于随机分形的数字高程模型算法。实践证明，用此方法进行形状逼近内插，所需数据量小，可节省大量内存及计算时间，较容易获得所需要的分辨率。     

基于CAC的一类通用多焦点地图投影

本文从新的角度提出了一类在计算机辅助制图情况下具有灵活、通用性的多焦点地图投影方法。介绍了这种方法的原理、给出了若干可满足用户复杂需求的投影公式及其相应的算例。利用本文提出的方法,不仅能够概括或产生大部分现有的变比例尺、多焦点地图投影,而且可以获得更为广泛的结果。     

吉林省双阳地区油气地球化学勘探及物化探多参数研究

本文探索了综合物化探方法在吉林省双阳地区寻找油气藏的有效性实验。研究结果表明土壤吸附烃(甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷)、土壤碳酸盐蚀变(ΔC)等指示的异常,地震油气检测所指示的异常,放射性地球物理勘探能谱及~(218)Po异常,均可在已知油气藏上方获得特定的显示。由此可以建立起综合物化探油气异常模式,应用此异常模式予测了双阳地区的含油气远景区,并随后在此区中的刘3井中获得了高产油气流。本文还应用了模糊综合判别的方法,使多参数综台研究半定量化,得到了比较好的效果。     

Composite Stratigraphy of the Sailinhudong Group and Ore-bearing Micrite Mounds in the Bayan Obo Deposits,Inner Mongolia,China

Based on studies of sequence stratigraphy, event stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy, it is concluded that the Sailinhudong Group is a part of the Bayan Obo Group. Some trilobite fragments are first found in thin sections of the rock from the lower part of the Sailinhudong Group and some Ordovician acritarchs and chitinozoans are also found in this group. A formationa unit of carbonate seismites is first recognized in the upper part and a huge micrite mound is first identified at the top. Dolomite, the host rock of the super giant Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE deposits, is neither an igneous carbonatite nor a common bedded sedimentary carbonate, but a huge micrite mound. It has the same macroscopic characters as the micrite mounds at the top of the Sailinhudong Group, which suggests that they should be of the same horizon. According to the fossils, the Sailinhudong and Bayan Obo Groups should be of the Early Palaeozoic rather than the Middle Proterozoic. The new discovery and new idea will throw l     

Winter meso-scale shear front in the Yellow Sea and its sedimentary effects

In this paper, the authors explored the presence of shear fronts between the Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC) and the monsoon-strengthened Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) in winter and their sedimentary effects within the shear zone based on a fully validated numerical model. This work added the wind force to a tidal model during simulating the winter baroclinic circulation in the Yellow Sea. The results indicate that the YSWC is significantly strengthened by wind-driven compensation due to a northeast monsoon during winter time. When this warm current encounters the North Shandong-South Yellow Sea coastal current, there is a strong reverse shear action between the two current systems, forming a reverse-S-shaped shear front that begins near 34°N in the south and extends to approximately 38°N, with an overall length of over 600 km. The main driving force for the formation of this shear front derives from the circulation system with the reverse flow. In the shear zone, temperature and salinity gradients increase, flow velocities are relatively small and the flow direction on one side of the shear zone is opposite to that on the other side. The vertical circulation structure is complicated, consisting of a series of meso- and small-scale anti-clockwise eddies. Particularly, this shear effect significantly hinders the horizontal exchange of coastal sediments carried by warm currents, resulting in fine sediments deposition due to the weak hydrodynamic regime.