2020年“1·24”广西大范围冰雹天气过程分析

2020年1月24-25日,广西出现近20年来范围最大的一次冰雹天气过程。利用常规观测资料、雷达、卫星以及再分析资料,对此次天气过程进行分析和诊断。结果表明:(1)500hPa宽槽、高空急流、低层切变、地面冷锋以及辐合线相配合提供有利环流背景,异常偏冷的中层导致大温度直减率,大气不稳定增强;(2)深层强垂直风切变、热力不稳定层结以及适宜的0℃、-20℃层高度为冰雹产生提供适宜的热动力条件;(3)对流云团呈“长椭圆”型,具有造成区域性冰雹天气的典型特征,雷达回波图上的回波悬垂结构、超过60dBz的强反射率因子、VIL跃增、持久深厚中气旋以及高层辐散低层辐合等特征,对于冰雹天气的识别和预警具有指示意义。     

Late Ordovician high-Mg adakitic andesite in the western South China block: evidence of oceanic subduction

The Early Palaeozoic was an important period in the geologic evolution of the South China block (SCB), marking the intracontinental orogen in the Wuyi-Yunkai region. One salient feature of the western SCB is the absence of Early Palaeozoic oceanic subduction-related magmatism. Here, we report the first known occurrence of Late Ordovician andesites from the Shimian area, western SCB. Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating reveals that the andesites formed at ca. 451 Ma. They have geochemical features of high-Mg adakitic andesite (HMAA) and are characterized by low K₂O (1.09–2.24 wt.%) and Th (2.50–5.65 ppm) and high MgO (4.02–6.91 wt.%) and Mg# (56–71). Furthermore, their zircon grains display positive ε_Hf(t) (+11.4 to +19.6) and low δ¹⁸O (4.72–6.20‰) values. The andesites are interpreted to have been derived from partial melting of a peridotitic mantle wedge in an oceanic subduction setting and subsequent fractional crystallization. Integrating previous studies of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt with the data presented in this contribution, we suggest that the SCB was probably involved in the Early Palaeozoic Andean-type orogeny along the Gondwanan proto-Tethyan margin.     

Comparison of Fenton,ultraviolet–Fenton and ultrasonic–Fenton processes on organics and colour removal from pre-treated natural gas produced water

Produced water (PW) from natural gas field, characterized with high organic contents, has brought high environmental concerns world widely. Fenton and enhanced Fenton technologies were considered as the potential methods to degrade the organic contaminates in the PW, but with very limited data or reference. Here, we examined the optimum conditions of Fenton on organics and colour removal from natural gas PW after coagulation pre-treatment. Simultaneously, the optimal Fenton process integrated with ultraviolet (UV) and ultrasonic (US) irradiation were applied to enhance pollutants removal efficiencies. The optimal Fenton conditions were found at 60 min with molar ratios of 6:1 and 25:1 for H₂O₂/COD and H₂O₂/Fe²⁺, respectively and the initial pH of 3. Among these the three treatment processes, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon, 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), and colour removal efficiencies were highest during UV–Fenton (82, 73, 68, and 95%,) followed by US–Fenton (79, 70, 66, and 95%) and Fenton treatment (70, 58, 51, and 92%), respectively. High biodegradability (BOD₅/COD) was also observed after UV–Fenton process (0.76) than the others (both 0.73). The current study showed a satisfactory carbon and colour removal efficiencies from PW using different Fenton processes; however, there still is a need for final polishing such as biological treatment or low cost constructed wetland before discharge. This study can be a good reference for engineering application PW treatment.     

Study on Effects of Low Viscosity Fluid Pre-injection on Hydraulic Fracture Complexity in Tight Heterogeneous Glutenite Reservoirs

Tight heterogeneous glutenite reservoir is typically not easy to form complex hydraulic fracture (HF) due to its poor physical properties, poor matrix seepage capacity, and small limit discharge radius and undeveloped natural fracture system. To improve the HF complexity and the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), a novel stimulation technology called CO₂ miscible fracturing has been introduced and its fracturing mechanism has been studied. The CO₂ miscible fracturing modifies the in situ stress field by injecting low viscosity fluid to increase the HF complexity and SRV. Therefore, a series of numerical simulations based on a hydro-mechanical-damage model were carried out to study the effects of low viscosity fluid pre-injection on pore pressure, stress field, and fracturing effect in tight heterogeneous glutenite reservoirs. The results indicate that the low viscosity fluid injection can effectively increase the pore pressure around the wellbore and reduce the effective stress of the glutenite. The FCI and SRV increase with the increase of the pre-injection amount of the low viscosity fluid. The HF complexity and SRV can be improved by pre-injecting low viscosity fluid to transform the in situ stress field. The field application of this technology in a well of Shengli Oilfield showed that low-viscosity fluid pre-injection can effectively increase the width of the fractured zone, improve the SRV, and optimize the fracturing effect.

     

鄂西宜昌地区页岩气勘探发现对MVT铅锌矿成矿的指示意义

油气成藏和有机质参与金属成矿的内在联系是近年来国内外地学界关注的热点问题.根据流体包裹体岩相学观察和激光拉曼光谱分析,在鄂西宜昌地区震旦系陡山沱组和下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩储层及震旦系灯影组MVT（Mississippi Valley type）铅锌矿床中发现了高密度甲烷包裹体,并利用甲烷包裹体的甲烷拉曼散射峰v₁计算了甲烷包裹体的密度;同时采用Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素定年确定了MVT铅锌矿成矿年代.鄂阳页1井陡山沱组页岩石英脉和何家坪MVT铅锌矿方解石样品中甲烷包裹体密度分别为0.237~0.278 g/cm3和0.213~0.271 g/cm3,属于高密度甲烷包裹体.何家坪铅锌矿共生矿物闪锌矿和方铅矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为189.1±1.8 Ma,方解石的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为189.9±2.0 Ma,指示铅锌矿形成于燕山早期的构造挤压运动;共生矿物的初始87Sr/86Sr值（0.711 92）和方解石的初始87Sr/86Sr值（0.712 03~0.712 27）指示何家坪铅锌矿成矿流体的Sr同位素主要来源于页岩层.何家坪铅锌矿中捕获的以流体包裹体形式存在的高密度甲烷流体最有可能来源于陡山沱组页岩和/或牛蹄塘组页岩内高密度超压甲烷流体.页岩气层和MVT铅锌矿中高密度甲烷包裹体的发现及MVT铅锌矿成矿时间的确定为探讨有机质参与MVT铅锌矿成矿提供了新证据.      

The spatio‐temporal variability of annual precipitation and its local impact factors during 1724–2010 in Beijing,China

Rapid population growth and increased economic activity impose an urgent challenge on the sustainability of water resources in Beijing. Understanding the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation is of the upmost importance in order to sustain the region's water resources. Two time series, one long term (1724–2010) from a single meteorological station and a shorter time series (1980–2010) from 20 different meteorological stations within the Beijing area, were analysed using Linear Regression, Moving Average, Mann–Kendall, Rescaled Range and Spatial Interpolation methods. Results from both the long‐ and short‐term meteorological data show a mean annual precipitation rate of 600 mm and 540 mm respectively. Annual precipitation rates have decreased during the 21st century by an estimated 100 mm or 16% in comparison to the 1990s. The 1980–2010 data show an increase in precipitation during the early 1990s followed by a sharp decrease during the subsequent years. The change of annual precipitation with time is more random and diverse in comparison to space. The main local impact factors (terrain, urbanization and elevation) and how they work on the local precipitation especially the spatial diversity are identified qualitatively. Generally speaking, (1) the annual precipitation of the plain area is more than that of the mountainous area (terrain effect), (2) the annual precipitation of the urban area in the plain area is obviously more than that of the surrounding suburb area (urbanization effect) and (3) the annual precipitation of the lower location is approximately more than that of the higher location (elevation effect). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河南栾川地区铅锌矿床地质和硫同位素地球化学

河南栾川地区是我国著名斑岩钼矿集区,近年铅锌矿勘查取得重要进展,但对铅锌矿成因认识分歧颇多。研究表明,栾川地区铅锌矿产在燕山期斑岩钼矿床外围,矿区地层为中元古界官道口群和新元古界栾川群碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩沉积变质建造,地层中侵入有晋宁期辉长岩、正长岩和燕山期酸性斑岩,铅锌矿呈脉状或透镜状,发育3种类型:受燕山期斑岩与元古界钙质地层接触带控制的夕卡岩型铅锌矿、受北西西向层间断裂构造控制的脉状铅锌矿和受北东或近南北向张-张扭性断裂控制的脉状铅锌矿。铅锌矿石中硫化物δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)为近零的正值(骆驼山0.37‰～4.20‰、赤土店-0.32‰～8.30‰、百炉沟-1.20‰～10.90‰、冷水北沟0.70‰～12.10‰),岩浆来源硫特征明显;夕卡岩型铅锌硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)与本地斑岩型钼矿石中硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)(1.24‰～3.30‰)极为相近,脉状铅锌硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)与斑岩型钼矿石中硫化物重合,但有地层中硫(δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)为12.43‰～18.63‰)的影响。总体上δ~(34)S_(黄铁矿)>δ~(34)S_(闪锌矿)>δ~(34)S_(方铅矿),指示矿石中主要硫化物矿物硫同位素分馏基本达到平衡,赤土店铅锌矿石中共生方铅矿与闪锌矿的硫同位素温度计指示硫化物矿物沉淀温度较高(388.29℃)。河南栾川地区铅锌矿主体应为受燕山期构造-岩浆作用控制的中高温热液铅锌矿床。     

高瞻远瞩 严谨求实——回忆涂光炽先生二三事

<正>涂光炽先生是一位杰出的地质学家、地球化学家和矿床学家,他毕生为我国的地学发展、矿业开发和人才培养做出了重大贡献。现仅就先生的治学精神谈一点体会,以表示对先生的崇敬和怀念之情。     

Study on anisotropy of Longmaxi shale using hydraulic fracturing experiment

Hydraulic fracturing reservoir reconstruction technology is crucial in the development of shale gas exploitation techniques.Large quantities of high-pressure fluids injected into shale reservoirs significantly alter compressional(P)and shear(S)wave velocities,rock mechanical parameters,and anisotropic characteristics.In this study,differentiated hydraulic fracturing petrophysical experiments were carried out on Longmaxi Formation shale under pseudo-triaxial stress loading conditions.The effects of stress loading methods,and water-rock physical and chemical reactions on P-and S-wave velocities and rock mechanical parameters were compared.The experimental results showed that isotropic stress loading may increase the P-and Swave velocities and Young’s modulus of dry shale kldnsample.Furthermore,it may lead to a weakening of the corresponding anisotropy.In contrast,differential stress loading was able to improve the anisotropy of Young’s modulus and accelerate the decrease in the compressive strength of shale in the vertical bedding direction.The water-rock physical and chemical reactions prompted by hydraulic fracturing was found to"soften"shale samples and reduce Young’s modulus.The influence of this"soften"effect on the compressional and shear wave velocities of shale was negligible,whilst there was a significant decrease in the anisotropy characteristics of Thomsen parameters,Young’s modulus,and Poisson’s ratio.The negative linear relationship between the Poisson’s ratios of the shale samples was also observed to lose sensitivity to stress loading,as a result of the"soften"effect of fracturing fluid on shale.The results of this study provide a reliable reference point and data support for future research on the mechanical properties of Longmaxi shale rocks.     

雨雪天气对内蒙古交通影响服务评估

文章对2012年3月21-23日的一次降水、降温和大风过程,从500hPa高度场形势图和700hPa高度场图、700hPa流场图和850hPa温度场图对天气形势进行了分析,得出预报结论:受冷暖空气共同影响,我区大部地区将出现雨夹雪天气,其中鄂尔多斯市东部、包头市南部、呼和浩特市、乌兰察布市南部、锡林郭勒盟西南部有小到中雨夹雪或雪,个别地区偏大,呼伦贝尔市、兴安盟有小雪,锡林郭勒盟以东地区4、5级偏西风转5、6级西北风,气温下降6℃左右,锡林郭勒盟以西地区4级西南风转4、5级西北风,气温下降4～6℃.对我区境内所有高速公路、铁路沿线以及在建高速公路产生的影响及服务效益进行了评估;对如何提高气象服务提出了一些良好建议.