Quasi-plane-hypothesis of strain coordination for RC beams seismically strengthened with externally-bonded or near-surface mounted fiber reinforced plastic

The application of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP),including carbon FRP and glass FRP,for structural repair and strengthening has grown due to their numerous advantages over conventional materials such as externally bonded reinforcement(EBR) and near-surface mounted(NSM) strengthening techniques.This paper summarizes the results from 21 reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different methods,including externally-bonded and near-surface mounted FRP,to study the strain coordination of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam.Since there is relative slipping between the RC beam and the FRP,the strain of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam satisfy the quasi-plane-hypothesis;that is,the strain of the longitudinal fiber that parallels the neutral axis of the plated beam within the scope of the effective height(h 0) of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis.The strain of the FRP and steel rebar satisfies the equation:ε FRP =βε steel,and the value of β is equal to 1.1-1.3 according to the test results.     

Sediment geochemical records of environmental change in Lake Wuliangsu, Yellow River Basin, north China

We present a paleolimnological record from shallow Lake Wuliangsu in the Yellow River Basin, north China, using a short (56 cm) sediment core. Our objective was to investigate environmental changes in this semi-arid region over the past ~150 years. The sediment core was dated using ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb. We examined stratigraphic trends in core lithology, nutrients, stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and trace element concentrations in the Lake Wuliangsu core to discern between natural sediments and those affected by human agency. A lithologic transition from yellow, coarse-grained sediment to grey, fined-grained sediment marked the lake’s formation about 1860. Until ~1950, sediments displayed relatively low and constant heavy metal concentrations, indicating little human influence. In the 1950s, enrichment factors (EFs) increased, reflecting greater impact of human activities. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in organic matter (OM), along with heavy metal concentrations, were used to infer past shifts in trophic state and identify pollutants that came from agriculture, industry and urbanization. In the late 1950s, the first evidence for environmental change is recorded by increases in total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen (TN), TOC/TN, EFs, δ¹³C and a decrease in δ¹⁵N. After about year 2000, a more rapid increase in trophic status occurred, as indicated by greater total phosphorus (TP), EFs, δ¹⁵N and lower δ¹³C values. Changes in isotope and TOC/TN values in the lake sediments may reflect a shift in lake ecology during this period. The first increase in trophic status during the late 1950s was mainly a result of agricultural development in the catchment. In contrast, the change after ca. AD 2000 was driven largely by urban and industrial development. Agreement between paleolimnologic data from Lake Wuliangsu, and both instrumental and written records, indicates that the lake sediments provide a reliable archive for investigating the formation and environmental history of the lake.     

河南省产业关联效应研究

运用2007年河南省和全国投入产出表基础数据,从纵横两个方面比较分析了河南省产业关联特征。研究结果表明:河南省农业前向、后向关联能力较强,基础地位突出;矿产资源采掘及加工业优势突出;制造业尤其是装备制造业辐射力不足,高端生产性服务业及公共服务业前向、后向关联效应较弱,服务消费不足;服务业增加值率较低,并且制造业对传统生产性服务业中间需求比重明显高于全国水平,而对高端生产性服务业的中间需求低于全国水平。     

城乡差距的核心-边缘模型分析

将地区划分为城区和农村两区域系统,构建一个综合考虑城乡劳动力迁移、环境污染、农业生产效率、城乡贸易和公共服务基础设施建设等诸因素的核心-边缘模型,以深入系统地考察城乡差距问题,对于解决现有城乡问题有着重要的理论和现实意义.研究表明:劳动力向城区迁移有助于提高城镇和农村居民的生活效用水平,并缩小城乡差距;环境污染物排放对居民生活造成负面影响,生产活动的集聚对城乡差距的影响取决于污染的危害程度;倘若农业生产的环境影响较小,农业生产效率的提高可以缩小城乡差距;城乡间交通基础设施建设、城区交通及通信设施建设和产业集聚等将提高城镇居民效用水平,拉大城乡差距.     

An environmental decision‐support system for the management of water pollution in a tidal river network

This paper is about the development of a decision‐support system for water‐pollution management and environmental planning. More specifically, the paper first presents the overall concept and the system architecture of a generic environmental decision‐support system (EDSS) and then develops an EDSS especially for analysing the tidal flow pattern and water quality of China's Pearl River Delta. The EDSS developed here employs the object‐oriented approach to design the environmental database and utilizes the system integration technology to develop the overall user‐friendly system that operates in the Windows environment. Furthermore, the system can be expanded to facilitate automated model selection and analysis. The EDSS should be of value for managing water quality of river networks with complicated flow patterns, such as that found in the Pearl River Delta.     

漳州地热田基岩裂隙水系统温度分布特征

为研究漳州地热田基岩裂隙水系统温度分布特征,建立了新的三维基岩裂隙水系统概念模型,并利用Fluent软件求解模型。结果表明:基岩裂隙热水温度场受到断裂区的强烈控制,在北东—南西向断裂中,强烈对流形成的高温热柱刺穿了基岩顶部形成热田高温中心;基岩热流在断裂区中部高温区达到最大,在北东—南西方向上最大值为343.02mW/m2,在北西—南东方向最大值为368.72mW/m2,并向边缘逐渐降低;第四系孔隙水的存在和运动使得地表热流的最大值和局部值降低。未来漳州热田应加强深部温度的测量研究。     

柴达木盆地西部古近系储层裂缝有效性的影响因素

古近系盐湖相裂缝性泥灰岩储层是柴达木盆地西部地区的重要储层类型,储层中发育剪切裂缝、纵张裂缝、顺层滑动裂缝和成岩裂缝4种类型。裂缝普遍被方解石、石膏或钙芒硝等充填,裂缝的有效性对储层评价十分重要。有效裂缝不仅提供了储层的重要储集空间和主要渗流通道,还决定了油气的富集规律和储层的潜在生产能力。裂缝的有效性主要受裂缝形成时间、溶蚀作用、第四纪以来的构造抬升剥蚀作用、异常流体高压作用、膏盐层分布和断层的活动性等因素控制。晚期形成的裂缝有效性更好;溶蚀作用可明显地增加裂缝的有效性;第四纪以来的构造抬升剥蚀作用和异常流体高压作用可使裂缝重新裂开,使裂缝的有效性变好;离膏盐层越远,裂缝的有效性越好。裂缝的有效性与现今地应力方向关系不密切,主要受断层活动的影响,与主断层平行的裂缝有效性最好。     

末次盛冰期以来科尔沁沙地古气候变化及其边界重建

利用光释光测年技术,获得了覆盖科尔沁沙地内部及外围的20个风成沙-砂质古土壤沉积序列的年代.在分析前人研究的基础上,结合地层和气候代用指标重建了末次盛冰期以来科尔沁沙地的演化过程.结果表明:科尔沁沙地的气候变化和沙丘的固定与活化主要经历了4个阶段,即:26 ～ 12ka,气候极端干冷,沙地大面积活化;12.0 ～9.5ka,气候趋于暖湿,但仍比较干冷,沙地由大规模沙化向固定成壤过渡;9.5～2.5ka,气候暖湿,沙地基本固定;2.5ka以来,气候呈干冷与暖湿交替状态,沙地亦存在多次固定与活化,其中,从1.5ka开始,沙丘活化明显.基于风沙沉积序列的空间分布和光释光测年结果,末次盛冰期科尔沁沙地同时向南和北扩展:南至翁牛特-库伦旗一线,至少扩张了26km;北至霍林河一带,至少扩张了30km;东界受东辽河限制,与现代边界几乎一致.沙地面积较现代扩张了至少2.05×104km2,扩大了37.7％.全新世大暖期,沙丘大面积固定.研究表明,科尔沁沙地气候与环境演变受东亚季风影响,也是全球气候变化的区域响应.     

末次盛冰期和全新世大暖期呼伦贝尔沙地的环境变化

呼伦贝尔沙地保存的风沙层-古土壤沉积序列,是认识过去环境变化的重要地质记录.沙地沉积具有速率快、沉积与侵蚀并存的特点,因此,通过大量独立的光释光年代控制对不同的剖面进行拼接,可以重建沙地在千年尺度上干湿变化过程以及特征时期的边界.本文获得了呼伦贝尔沙地8个沉积剖面的47个光释光年代和近200个样品的环境代用指标数据,结合已发表文献资料,揭示了16ka以来呼伦贝尔沙地千年尺度的干湿变化,并估算了末次盛冰期(LGM)和全新世大暖期(HO)沙地流沙的边界.初步认为,LGM期间,呼伦贝尔沙地相对于现代沙带边界,最远向北移动了约60km,向东移动了约50km,并且南北沙带之间的区域全部沙化;LGM期间沙漠化面积达到22337km2,相对现代沙漠化面积扩大了约2.7倍.而在HO期间,整个沙地被植被所固定,发育砂质古土壤层,只在局部区域存在短暂的风沙活动.     

2008年以来荣昌地区地震重新定位及地震丛集原因初探

通过对荣昌地区地震重新定位,结合当地注水资料,对该地区2008年以来地震丛集的原因进行初步研究.收集了2007～2011年6月间荣昌台记录的131个远震,计算了这些地震的接收函数,用H-Kappa叠加方法得到台站下方及附近的莫霍面深度,并用线性反演方法反演了该区S波速度结构.利用接收函数反演得到的速度结构,采用双差定位方法对荣昌及其邻区2008 ～2011年8月间ML≥1.0地震进行了重新定位,得到了408个地震的精确位置.重定位结果显示地震的水平震中分布与华蓥山断裂走向一致,另外在通过2010年M4.7地震震中且垂直于华蓥山断裂的剖面中,地震分布所勾画的发震断层轮廓显示地震的发震断层倾向为SE,倾角约70°左右,这与华蓥山断裂的产状(50°∠75°)较为一致.分析了注水点与地震分布的空间关系及注水量与地震频度的关系,认为注水井位置距离2008年以来的几次4级地震震中较远,震源深度主要分布在6 ～ 7km,且注水量与地震频度的对应关系不显著,地震丛集性原因尚待更多研究.