正压模式中慢波的离散谱及其特征函数

本文对正压模式中慢波的离散谱及其特征函数作了数值计算。结果发现，在低速线性缓变切变基流的情形下，正压原始方程中慢波可有离散谱存在。本文还给出了在该基流下算得的谱点和特征函数，并与准地转模式的计算结果进行了比较。     

水平气压梯度力差分格式误差的定量分析

通过分析发现地形坐标系中气压梯度力差分格式的计算误差应分为二类，其中，第二类误差在水平坐标面倾斜时出现。这种误差可理解为将水平坐标面上的气压(或位势高度)插回到等高面(或等压面)上的插值误差。 构造气压梯度力差分格式的目的正是为了减小这种第二类误差，而不是其他误差。 误差分析表明静力扣除法和Corby 格式的第二类误差都很小，比一般方法的误差小约一个量级。分析还表明第二类误差产生的主要原因是由于气压随高度非线性变化。依据这一分析思路，本文改进了#As(z)#a坐标系中的静力扣除法。 改进后的方法比改进前的误差小约一个量级。     

龙门山前陆盆地形成与演化

本文将龙门山前陆盆地和龙门山冲断带作为一个地质整体进行了研究，并将构造地层学和层序地层学相结合的综合地层学的分析方法作为分析龙门山前陆盆地沉积的基础，以不整合面和其对应面将盆地充填序列分割为构造层序和层序，对应于不同成盆期和同一成盆期不同演化阶段，阐明龙门山前陆盆地充填序列和沉积体积三维空间配置形式及其在时间上的演化，初步建立了龙门山前陆盆地地层格架，进而研究龙门山冲断带逆部推覆作用对龙门山前陆盆     

浅论砚石台煤矿滑覆构造及煤炭资源远景

对砚石台地区地层构造及滑覆构造组成要素、特征、形成机制进行了系统分析，论述了滑覆构造对煤层的影响，预测了－５００ｍ标高以下构造形态，提出－５００ｍ标高以下无须工作的建议。     

额仁淖尔地区钋法找矿效果

本文通过额仁淖尔地区钋异常晕分布形态、异常特征及其与铀矿化关系的探讨，指出半干旱草原荒漠区用快速、大面积土壤钋法区调成果，对盆地浅埋砂岩型铀矿成矿预测是有效果的。     

粤西大降坪黄铁矿床硫、铅同位素组成初步研究

大降坪黄铁矿床是产于云开隆起中段偏北震旦系海相碎屑岩-细碎屑岩中的层状硫化物矿床,矿床成因和海底喷气热水沉积作用有关,局部经受了后期热液的叠加改造。黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值在-25.55‰—+21.07‰之间,与矿石及黄铁矿中的有机碳含量呈反比。从条带状细粒黄铁矿到块状粗粒黄铁矿,亦即从南到北,硫同位素组成从富轻硫变为富重硫。条带状矿石的铅同位素组成与矿体围岩一致,为富放射成因上地壳源铅,块状矿石铅同位素组成较均一,三组铅同位素比值较条带状矿石略低,为原始沉积的矿石铅与热液带来基底混合岩铅的混合铅。     

上海地区桥梁工程地质勘察与评价

本文通过总结多年来桥梁工程勘察的实践经验,针对上海地区的工程地质特点,建造桥梁对勘察的要求,对桥梁墩、台基础型式,基础持力层的选择,地基土特性,勘察方法,土工试验项目的确定,勘察报告的编写等作了分析,论述 。     

The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves and the lateral variation of lithospheric structure in Tibetan Plateau

According to a Sino-U. S. joint project, eleven broadband digital PASSCAL seismometers had been deployed inside the Tibetan Plateau, of which 7 stations were on the profile from Lhasa to Golmud and other 4 stations situated at Maxin, Yushu, Xigatze and Linzhi. Dispersions and phase velocities of the Rayleigh surface waves (10s–120s) were obtained on five paths distributed in the different blocks of Tibetan Plateau. Inversions of the S-wave velocity structures in Songpan-Ganzi block, Qiang-Tang block, Lhasa block and the faulted rift zone were obtained from the dispersion data. The results show that significant lateral variation of the S-wave velocity structures among the different blocks exists. The path from Wenquan to Xigatze (abbreviated as Wndo-Xiga) passes through the rift-zone of Yadong-Anduo. The phase velocities of Rayleigh waves from 10s to 100s on this path are significantly higher than that on other paths. The calculated mean crustal velocity on this path is 3.8 km/s, much greater than that on other paths, where mean crustal velocities of 3.4–3.5 km/s are usually observed. Low velocity zones with different thicknesses and velocities are observed in the middle-lower crust for different paths. Songpan-Ganzi block, located in the northern part of Tibetan Plateau is characterized by a thinner crust of 65 km thick and a prominent low velocity zone in the upper mantle. The low velocity zone with a velocity of 4.2 km/s is located at a depth form 115 km to 175 km. While in other blocks, no low velocity zone in the upper mantle is observed. The value of Sn in Songpan-Ganzi is calculated to be 4.5 km/s, while those in Qiang-Tang and Lhasa blocks are about 4.6 km/s. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, Supp., 566–573, 1992.     

Preliminary study of crust-upper mantle structure of the Tibetan Plateau by using broadband teleseismic body waveforms

As part of a joint Sino-U.S. research project to study the deep structure of the Tibetan Plateau, 11 broadband digital seismic recorders were deployed on the Plateau for one year of passive seismic recording. In this report we use teleseimic P waveforms to study the seismic velocity structure of crust and upper mantle under three stations by receiver function inversion. The receiver function is obtained by first rotating two horizontal components of seismic records into radial and tangential components and then deconvolving the vertical component from them. The receiver function depends only on the structure near the station because the source and path effects have been removed by the deconvolution. To suppress noise, receiver functions calculated from events clustered in a small range of back-azimuths and epicentral distances are stacked. Using a matrix formalism describing the propagation of elastic waves in laterally homogeneous stratified medium, a synthetic receiver function and differential receiver functions for the parameters in each layer can be calculated to establish a linearized inversion for one-dimensional velocity structure. Preliminary results of three stations, Wen-quan, Golmud and Xigatze (Coded as WNDO, TUNL and XIGA), located in central, northern and southern Plateau are given in this paper. The receiver functions of all three stations show clear P-S converted phases. The time delays of these converted phases relative to direct P arrivals are: WNDO 7.9s (for NE direction) and 8.3s (for SE direction), TUNL 8.2s, XIGA 9.0s. Such long time delays indicate the great thickness of crust under the Plateau. The differences between receiver function of these three station shows the tectonic difference between southern and north-central Plateau. The waveforms of the receiver functions for WNDO and TUNL are very simple, while the receiver function of XIGA has an additional midcrustal converted phase. The S wave velocity structures at these three stations are estimated from inversions of the receiver function. The crustal shear wave velocities at WNDO and TUNL are vertically homogeneous, with value between 3.5–3.6 km/s down to Moho. This value in the lower crust is lower than the normal value for the lower crust of continents, which is consistent with the observed strong Sn attenuation in this region. The velocity structure at XIGA shows a velocity discontinuity at depth of 20 km and high velocity value of 4.0 km/s in the midcrust between 20–30 km depth. Similar results are obtained from a DSS profile in southern Tibet. The velocity under XIGA decreases below a depth of 30 km, reaching the lowest value of 3.2 km/s between 50–55 km. depth. This may imply that the Indian crust underthrusts the low part of Tibetan crust in the southern Plateau, forming a “double crust”. The crustal thickness at each of these sites is: WNDO, 68 km; TUNL, 70 km; XI-GA, 80 km. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, Supp., 581–592, 1992.     

卡尼期湿润幕：气候- 环境变化与海洋生态效应研究新进展

晚三叠世卡尼期湿润幕（Carnian Pluvial Episode, CPE）是近年来最受瞩目的地质事件之一。此次事件以卡尼中期全球不同纬度环境湿度显著上升为主要标志。CPE的发生不仅对全球各地沉积格局产生重大改变，也对三叠纪生物演化产生了深远影响。海洋生物群在跨越CPE期间发生了不同程度的灭绝与演替，大部分海洋无脊椎动物和部分脊椎动物的多样性在CPE之后出现明显的降低，著名的关岭生物群也受到了CPE的明显影响，并开始显现出危机。CPE之后，恐龙类群开始逐步占据陆地生态的主导地位，早中生代和现代生物的先祖开始在这一时期纷纷出现。CPE的发生揭开了现生生物演化史新的一页，并最终开创了早中生代和现生生物黎明。有关CPE的触发机制主要包括以下2个方面：① 晚三叠世巨型季风环流在卡尼期达到鼎盛并区域上影响了大气降水量；② 板块活动造成大规模火山喷发引发全球气候扰动。由于上述2种解释还未能与我国其他地质记录较好匹配，因而CPE在特提斯东缘的发生次序和发展过程并不清晰。这其中，对CPE触发机制的探讨，需要将全球板块变化与古气候模拟纳入其研究范畴。不同于晚二叠世生物大灭绝后生物类群缓慢重启和生态逐步复苏，CPE期间的生物演化与革新在短时间内促成了现代生物类群的形成。在我国，上三叠统卡尼阶分布广泛、发育齐全，且保存有各门类丰富的动植物化石，是开展卡尼期气候- 环境变化与生态效应研究的重要场所。然而目前国内有关CPE研究还十分有限，一些基础的地质工作仍然有待开展。位于特提斯东缘的我国地质记录有助于深刻理解CPE过程和环境- 生物协同演化关系，尤其在现代生物多样性起源和当代生态系统结构成型的研究过程中需要提供更多中国的对比方案。