地球深部物质的某些物性测量方法研究

文中介绍了地球深部物质实验室近 2 0年来开展高温高压下地球深部物质物性实验研究过程中 ,在测量方法方面的进步和应用情况。这些测量方法包括了高温、高压下弹性的超声测量方法、高温高压下电性的测量方法、高压差热分析法和高压下热学Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ参数的测量方法诟呶赂哐瓜卵沂涂笪锏牡猿饬恐?,我们由超声脉冲透射方法改进为超声脉冲透射反射法 ,克服了样品室中压力和温度梯度对样品的影响。在高温高压下岩石和矿物的电学性质测量中 ,我们由直流法发展为阻抗谱法 ,不仅克服了样品极化对测量结果的影响 ,还可以获得离子在溶液中的多种物理化学参数 ,以及监测含水矿物在高温高压下的脱水动力学特征。在固体传压介质中建立的高压热学Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ参数的测量方法 ,由于升压速率比较小且叶蜡石在高压下的热导系数增大 ,其测量结果需要进行校正 ,其测量方法有待进一步改进。     

中国大陆及其邻区强震活动与活动地块关系研究

从活动地块假说出发 ,在活动地块研究的基础上 ,探讨了中国大陆及邻区活动地块与强震活动的关系。研究指出 ,主要构造变形和强烈地震大都发生在活动地块边界。在占总面积 17%的活动地块边界上 ,集中了全部的 8级以上巨大地震和 86 %的 7级以上大地震 ,其释放能量占全部总能量的 95 %以上 ,表明中国大陆及其邻区活动地块边界带控制了绝大部分的强地震。从活动地块的整体来看 ,强震活动不仅显示出显著的韵律性特征 ,而且其高、低起伏基本上与中国大陆地区一致 ,只是强震活跃时段有时稍长于中国大陆。各轮回强震活动都有各自活动的主体地区 ,反映了不同活跃期内地块的不同活动方式。文中还从现今地壳运动角度 ,讨论了活动地块运动速率与强地震活动水平之间的可能联系。     

柯坪塔格推覆构造几何学、运动学及其构造演化

大量野外构造地质调查和深部构造解释表明柯坪塔格推覆构造由多组倒转复式背斜、复式箱状背斜构成的推覆体及其前缘逆冲断裂组成 ,由寒武系—第四系组成的推覆体由北向南逆—斜冲 ,平面上构成向南凸出的弧形推覆构造 ;普昌断裂由各不相连的逆冲斜冲断裂段组成 ,而不是完整的一条走滑断层 ,各推覆体前缘逆冲断裂与各推覆体的普昌断裂段共同构成统一的前缘逆冲斜冲逆冲断裂和推覆构造系统 ;普昌断裂段以西的推覆体具有向东抬升、向西倾覆的鼻状构造特征 ,普昌断裂段以东的推覆体具有向西抬升、向东倾覆的鼻状构造特征 ,普昌基底隆起带是巴楚隆起隐伏在柯坪塔格推覆构造之下的部分。各推覆体前缘断裂在深部均归并于统一的寒武系底部的滑脱面 ,其南浅北深 ,东浅西深 (普昌隆起带以西 )或西浅东深 (普昌隆起带以东 ) (6 10km ) ,埋深较大区发育多组滑脱面。柯坪塔格推覆构造的形成时期为晚第四纪 ,为现今活动的推覆构造系统。文中认为各推覆体向南西的倾覆端基底滑脱面和中新生界内部的滑脱面没有贯通 ,是未来 6级以上地震的发震构造部位。     

Inversion of receiver function by wavelet transformation

Introduction Receiver function has been extensively applied in studying S wave velocity of crust and up-per mantle for about 20 years (Owens, et al, 1987; LIU, et al, 1996), which is a time series ob-tained by the deconvolution of vertical component from horizontal component for teleseismic P waveform. Receiver function represents the teleseismic P plane wave response of crust and upper mantle beneath seismic station, from which the source and propagation effects are removed. Receiver funct…     

Active blocks and strong seismic activity in North China region

The active North China block consists of three second-order blocks: Ordos, North China Plain, and East Shandong-Huanghai Sea blocks. Two active tectonic zones, the Anyang-Heze-Linyi and Tangshan-Cixian zones, exist in the active North China Plain block and have separated the active block into 3 third-order active blocks, Taihangshan, Hebei-Shandong, and Henan-Huai blocks. The 3 third-order active blocks are characterized by their entire motion and are clearly different in their Cenozoic structures and deep structures. The active boundary tectonic zones between the third-order active blocks are less than those between the first- and second-order active blocks in their movement strength, extent, and seismic activity. The density of M· ·6 earthquakes in the boundary zones between active blocks is higher than that within the blocks by 9–22 times in the North China region, up to one order of magnitude on average. M· · 7 earthquakes occurred basically in the boundary zones between active blocks. The difference is not occasional, but reflects the nature of intraplate movement and the characteristics of strong seismic activity and is the powerful evidence for hypothesis of active blocks.     

The inversion of anelastic coefficient,source parameters and site respond using genetic algorithm

It gradually becomes a common work using large seismic wave data to obtain source parameters, such as seismic moment, break radius, stress drop, with completingof digital seismic network in China (Hough, et al, 1999; Bindi, et al, 2001). These parameters are useful on earthquake prediction and seismic hazard analysis.Although the computation methods of source parameters are simple in principle and the many research works have been done, it is not easy to obtain the parameters accurately. There are two factors affecting the stability of computation results. The first one is the effect of spread path and site respond on signal. According to the research results, there are different geometrical spreading coefficients on different epicenter distance. The better method is to introduce trilinear geometrical spreading model (Atkinson, Mereu, 1992; Atkinson, Boore, 1995; WONG, et al, 2002). In addition, traditional site respond is estimated by comparing with rock station, such as linear inversion method (Andrews, 1982), but the comparative estimation will introduce some errors when selecting different stations. Some recent research results show that site respond is not flat for rock station (Moya, et al, 2000; ZHANG,. et al, 2001; JIN, et al, 2000; Dutta, et al, 2001). The second factor is to obtain low-frequency level and corner frequency fromdisplacement spectrum. Because the source spectrum model is nonlinear function,these values are obtained by eye. The subjectivity is strong. The small change of corner frequency will affect significantly the result of stress drop.     

西昆仑库地混杂岩带中深海浊积岩的浊积相划分及其特征

西昆仑库地混杂岩带中发育一套深海浊积岩。本文在系统的沉积相分析基础上,识别并划分出本区浊积岩的7类浊积相及14种亚相,结合其成因分别对各浊积相(亚相)的沉积特征、垂向分布规律进行了总结与描述。此外,垂向上还识别出3种浊积相组合,文中对其沉积序列特征及其所代表的环境意义进行了阐述。结合其它资料,探讨了这套浊流沉积的沉积环境,认为它形成于位于消减带和海沟之间的弧前盆地环境。     

平面散点集Delaunay三角剖分的一种高效方法

以平面散点集逐点插入的Delaunay三角化的方法为基础，在三角化过程中采用一定策略，将其改进成为一种简单易行而高效的方法，能够适应包括多岛、多连通域等复杂情况的各种边界，能够生成贴体的三角网，网格能够保证符合Delaunay法则。     

基于GIS和SD方法的社会经济发展与生态环境响应动态模拟预测研究

在着重于空间现象分析处理的GIS与动态模拟的SD方法结合的模式下，动态模拟预测了不同社会经济发展策略对生态环境的影响，揭示了生态经济系统社会经济发展与生态环境相互影响关系，为区域可持续发展提供决策支持服务。     

西南三江地区矿产资源遥感综合预测方法

详细阐述了矿产资源遥感综合预测方法的工作程序、控矿要素的数字化分析与遥感找矿模型的建立,以及遥感矿产的综合分析评价方法与应用等,并以西南三江中段遥感综合预测成果佐证了矿产资源遥感综合预测方法在矿产资源预测中能使野外调查工作更具预见性和目的性,从而大大缩短了矿产资源调查的工作周期。