鄂尔多斯盆地中部前石炭纪岩溶古地貌恢复

鄂尔多斯盆地中部以碳酸盐岩为主夹蒸发岩的奥陶系马家沟组,经130余百万年的风化剥蚀及淋滤作用,风化壳古岩溶发育。在认识研究古地质图的基础上,选取马家沟组五段四亚段一小层底部的凝灰岩为标志层,完成了盆地中部前石炭纪岩溶古地貌图。自西向东,研究区可划分为四个岩溶古地貌单元或区块:岩溶高地、岩溶台地(坪)、岩溶盆地、岩溶台地与岩溶沟槽相间区块。岩溶高地地层向西翘倾,岩溶剥蚀面自西向东地层由老到新呈有序分布,西北角有7口井的地层已剥蚀至马五41以下,最西缘陕56井残顶已为马五7地层。岩溶台地是现今马家沟组天然气的主产区,地势相对较低且平缓,并在多个小层发育岩溶溶洞建造岩。     

Study on runoff simulation of the upstream of Minjiang River under future climate change scenarios

Climate change is one of the main factors that affect runoff changes. In the upstream of Minjiang River, the temperature increased significantly in the last 50 years, while the precipitation decreased on the contrary. In order to analyze the effect of climate change on site runoff, watershed runoff depth and evaporation, nine climate scenarios are assumed based on rainfall and temperature indicators. A SWAT model of Minjiang River is constructed, and runoff simulation is carried out with the nine scenarios. The results show that if precipitation increases or decreases 20 %, the change rate of runoff depth will increase or decrease 28–32 %; if temperature increases or decreases 2 °C, the change rate of runoff depth will decrease or increase 1–6 %; if temperature increases or decreases 2 °C, the change rate of the potential evaporation will increase or decrease 5–16 %, and the actual evaporation rate of variation will increase or decrease 1–6 %. Overall, precipitation variation has greater effect on simulated runoff than temperature variation dose. In addition, temperature variation has more obvious effect on the runoff simulation results in dry years than in wet years. The actual evaporation of watershed depends on evaporation capacity and precipitation and increases with the increasing of the potential evaporation and precipitation. The study also shows that the climate change scenarios analysis technology, combined with SWAT hydrological model, can effectively simulate the effect of climate change on runoff.     

河南省获嘉县农田水分供需特征及秸秆覆盖效果分析

秸秆覆盖可以减少土壤表面水分蒸发,提高水分利用效率.以不覆盖处理为对照,2005年10月至2007年10月在获嘉县农场对冬小麦和夏玉米生育期间进行了秸秆覆盖处理对比观测.结果表明,秸秆覆盖后近地层气象要素发生了改变,覆盖后近地层空气温度升高,水汽压降低,地表土壤温度下降;秸秆覆盖有明显的保墒、蓄水作用,提高了土壤水分利用率;同时秸秆覆盖对提高冬小麦的成穗数,增加冬小麦和玉米的千粒重有明显作用.试验期间,推广田冬小麦增产幅度为8.7%,夏玉米增产幅度为8.9%.     

动态式抽取、气相色谱法测定海水中的甲烷

本文报道了用动态（ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ）技术，经抽取、气相色谱法测定海水中溶存甲烷浓度的方法．详细论述了溶存甲烷经起泡、收集（吸附）、解吸和检测四步完成，并逐步讨论了起泡时间、起泡气体流速以及收集温度等有关因子对测定的影响。结果表明：该方法分析速度快、精密度好、灵敏度高，可广泛应用于海上现场测定海水中溶存的甲烷。     

上明峪金矿地质特征及其与大河南岩体的关系

太行山北部的大河南岩体内部分布有一些金矿床及大量金矿化点,其中最具代表性的是上明峪金矿。大河南岩体侵位之后,遭受了强烈的构造运动,形成了近ＳＮ向和近ＥＷ向的两组断裂构造,断裂构造的活动使岩石强烈破碎形成破碎蚀变岩,岩浆热液萃取了花岗岩中的成矿元素并将其搬运至断裂带内,这种富含成矿元素的岩浆热液在断裂带中与天水混合,导致热液中的成矿元素沉淀形成矿化。上明峪金矿的形成是岩浆热液与天水共同作用的结果。     

Accuracy assessment of approaches to spatially explicit reconstruction of historical cropland in Songnen Plain,Northeast China

To understand historical human-induced land use/cover change (LUCC) and its climatic effects, it is essential to reconstruct historical land use/cover changes with explicit spatial information. In this study, based on the historically documented cropland area at county level, we reconstructed the spatially explicit cropland distribution at a cell size of 1 km × 1 km for the Songnen Plain in the late Qing Dynasty (1908 AD). The reconstructions were carried out using two methods. One method (hereafter, referred to as method I) allocated the cropland to cells ordered from a high agricultural suitability index (ASI) to a low ASI, but they were all within the domain of potential cropland area. The potential cropland area was created by excluding natural woodland, swamp, water bodies, and mountains from the study area. The other method (hereafter, method II) allocated the cropland to cells in the order from high ASI to low ASI within the domain of cropland area in 1959. This method was based on the hypothesis that the cropland area domain in 1959 resulted from enlargement of the cropland area domain in 1908. We then compared these two reconstructions. We found that the cropland distributions reconstructed by the two methods exhibit a similar spatial distribution pattern. Both reconstructions show that the cropland was mostly found in the southern and eastern parts of the Songnen Plain. The two reconstructions matched each other for about 68% of the total cropland area. By spatially comparing the unmatched cropland cells of the two reconstructions with the settlements for each county, we found that unmatched cropland cells from method I are closer to settlements than those from method II. This finding suggests that reconstruction using method I may have less bias than reconstruction with method II.     

淄博市人工影响天气作业决策指挥系统

根据当地地理和气候特点建立的人工影响天气作业指挥系统，体现了智能化、积累型的特点，使人工影响天气作业指挥向客观化、自动化迈进了一步，提高了人工影响天气的作业效果。     

2020年震情述评

1全球地震活动概况 据中国地震台网测定,2020年1月1日至12月31日,全球共发生6级以上地震82次,其中7级以上地震10次,最大地震为7月22日美国阿拉斯加州以南海域7.8级地震(图1).2020年全球7级以上地震频次较少、强度较低,全球已持续2年未发生8级以上地震.自2018年以来,中国大陆及周边已连续3年未发生...     

云南10次大震前地震活动分形研究

本文通过１９６５－１９９３年发生在云南及邻区８组１０次６．８≤Ｍ≤７．７大震前空间容量维、关联维、信息熵等多种参数系统的计算研究，发现１０次大震前降维减熵异常十分显著。