岷江双线特大桥高边坡稳定性研究

成兰铁路岷江双线特大桥高边坡位于岷江地震带,该区域属于高烈度地震强震频发区,降雨量大且集中,不良地质分布广,在复杂环境因素的影响下,极其容易引起边坡滑坡。在研究现场工程地质情况的基础上,利用FLAC3D有限差分软件,建立三维边坡模型,进行天然、降雨、地震及降雨-地震耦合工况下的稳定性分析。研究结果表明,天然工况下安全系数为1.318,边坡处于稳定状态;降雨工况下,随降雨量的增加,雨水入渗和加载作用增强,位移高值区逐步扩大并逐渐向坡脚延伸,25 mm/d、35 mm/d及45 mm/d降雨条件下的安全系数分别为1.001、0.932、0.912;地震工况下边坡不稳定,坡腰中上部位移与加速度最大,为易滑坡区域;降雨-地震耦合工况下,坡腰中上部极其不稳定,且随降雨量增加,滑体位移及加速度均增大。     

基于Excel平台土壤含水量多元回归预测模型

土壤含水量是表述土壤干湿程度,反映旱情最直接的重要指标。土壤含水量预测能够反映未来某一时段农牧业旱情发展趋势,为开展旱情预警、各级领导和政府部门指挥抗旱减灾提供决策性依据。以降水、蒸发、风速等实测信息源为影响因子,以Excel为技术平台,创建了土壤含水量多元回归预测模型。该预测模型创建方法简单易行,便于改造和移植,有进一步推广价值。     

Fractal Characteristics of Shales Across a Maturation Gradient

<正>1 Introduction Pore system in shales has attracted growing interest,given that gas storage capacity and gas producibility of shale reservoirs critically depend on shale porosity(Loucks et al.,2009;Bernard et al.,2012;Mastalerz et al.,2013).In spite of its importance,the investigation of pores in shale still remains challenging,owing to small pore sizes,wide pore size distributions,and,more importantly,     

轻量化城市信息模型(CIM)构建技术研究

本文针对城市信息模型(City Information Modeling,CIM)快速构建与城市级海量三维数据渲染调度需求,深入研究了轻量化CIM构建核心技术环节,从CIM快速构建、模型轻量化和三维立体空间索引3方面提出了解决方案.最后以某地级市场景为例,对关键技术可行性及应用效果进行了验证.结果表明关键技术成果能够满足城市大批量三维模型快速建设以及地上地下一体化管理需求,提高了全空间模型渲染调度和查询分析效率,对于推动CIM平台建设有着重要的参考意义.     

昆明地区降水量时空分布特征

近年来由于降水异常所带来的干旱、城市内涝等气象灾害越来越受到人们的关注.采用回归方法对昆明12个大监站近43年来的降水量时空变化特征进行分析,发现昆明地区年降水量减少,春、夏、秋的降水也减少,但冬季降水略增加;年、四季降水有较为明显年代际变化趋势,且存在一个或多个突变点.降水量变化具有一定的区域分布特征,市区及以东以南地区夏季及年降水量偏少显著,春季降水西北部地区偏多其余偏少,秋季降水为一致减少型,冬季降水西南部减少其余大部持平或略增加.     

东海XX井复杂情况处理介绍

东海某油气田XX调整井作业过程中,钻至设计井深后,决策加深钻进以钻探深部地层的含油气性.加深钻进至5108m发生溢流,压井过程中,钻杆在731 m位置发生刺漏,导致短路循环,置换法压井过程发生井漏、阻流管汇刺漏,同时由于平台设备压力等级不足导致情况进一步复杂化.经过一系列非常规措施,最终压井成功,是一次非常规压井的成功案例.     

Numerical Prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces on A Ship Passing Through A Lock

While passing through a lock, a ship usually undergoes a steady forward motion at low speed. Owing to the size restriction of lock chamber, the shallow water and bank effects on the hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship may be remarkable, which may have an adverse effect on navigation safety. However, the complicated hydrodynamics is not yet fully understood. This paper focuses on the hydrodynamic forces acting on a ship passing through a lock. The unsteady viscous flow and hydrodynamic forces are calculated by applying an unsteady RANS code with a RNG k?ε turbulence model. User-defined function (UDF) is compiled to define the ship motion. Meanwhile, the grid regeneration is dealt with by using the dynamic mesh method and sliding interface technique. Numerical study is carried out for a bulk carrier ship passing through the Pierre Vandamme Lock in Zeebrugge at the model scale. The proposed method is validated by comparing the numerical results with the data of captive model tests. By analyzing the numerical results obtained at different speeds, water depths and eccentricities, the influences of speed, water depth and eccentricity on the hydrodynamic forces are illustrated. The numerical method proposed in this paper can qualitatively predict the ship-lock hydrodynamic interaction. It can provide certain guidance on the manoeuvring and control of ships passing through a lock.     

两次飞机增雨作业过程数值模拟分析

利用国家气象中心GRAPES业务模式耦合混合相双参数云微物理方案,对2010年12月15日的两次飞机人工增雨作业过程进行了催化数值模拟分析。分析得出:GRAPES模式基本能给出正确的中低层天气形势场和降水的动力结构,较大降水的落区和范围基本可信,降水强度较实况偏小;按照作业实况进行催化模拟具有一定的可信度,与实况降水在较强降水区域有较好的对应性;两次播撒都取得了增加降雨量的效果,24 h平均增雨量在3~5 mm,最大增雨量达7 mm,两次播撒后增雨作业区的累计降水总量较未播撒时增加约一倍;播撒有效时段在4 h内,播撒后1~2 h雨量增加最大,增雨区域初期与播撒区域一致,随时间延长而在播撒区附近扩散;第一次播撒时,播撒冰晶消耗液态水,转化成固态水,水汽流入速度加快,向液态水转化加快,液态水迅速恢复,未出现减雨现象;第二次播撒时,云中固态水争食水汽增长,液态水得不到补充,云中上升运动减弱,自然降水阶段出现减雨现象。     

Evaluation of Reanalysis Products with in situ GPS Sounding Observations in the Eastern Himalayas简

Previous studies have shown that reanalysis products contain large uncertainties in the Tibetan Plateau（TP）,and the biases are location dependent.Therefore,these products must be evaluated with in situ observations prior to their applications.In this study,the authors compare the results of several reanalysis projects with independent sounding observations recorded in the Yarlung Tsangpo River valley in the Eastern Himalayas in June 2010.These reanalysis projects include Climate Forecast System Reanalysis（CFSR）,Interim European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis（ERA- Interim）,Japanese 25-year Reanalysis（JRA-25）,Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications（MERRA）,National Center for Environmental Prediction and the Department of Energy Reanalysis 2（NCEP-R2）,and NCEP Final Analysis（FNL）.Statistical quantities such as average,mean bias（MB）,root-mean-square difference（RMSD）,and correlation coefficient（R） of temperature,specific humidity,u-wind,and v-wind between 100 hPa and 650 hPa were calculated.The authors determined that the performance of each product differed with variables at different levels.The average profiles of the variables were captured by the reanalysis products,with large biases appearing at lower levels.ERA-Interim and NCEP-R2 showed the best and worst performances,respectively,for all variables.This study suggests that users should select appropriate reanalysis products according to their specific purposes for TP research.     

中华鳖Trionyx sinensis(Wiegmann)对泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(Cantor)幼鱼的捕食效应

以规格6m×4m×1.2m的室内水泥池为实验单元,A[(37.53±7.72)mm]、B[(63.13±12.95)mm]肛长组泥鳅幼鱼为猎物,采用捕食者-猎物间捕食效应研究方法,研究了中华鳖对泥鳅幼鱼的捕食效应。结果表明:(1)中华鳖捕食泥鳅幼鱼的时段主要集中于00:00—4:00,其对A肛长组泥鳅幼鱼所具的捕食选择性与A、B肛长组间初始数量的配置比例无关;(2)中华鳖捕食泥鳅幼鱼的功能反应属Holling-Ⅱ型,其对A、B肛长组泥鳅幼鱼的理论最大捕食量分别为16.13ind/d和9.06ind/d;(3)中华鳖对A、B肛长组泥鳅幼鱼的种内干扰模型可分别由各自的指数方程表达,用来描述实验鱼初始数量、实验期间实验鱼被捕食数量以及中华鳖个数等参数的统计关系,并指导确定合理的中华鳖和泥鳅的初始放养数量。