基于遥感和GIS技术的漓江自然地貌破坏现状调查

针对漓江流域自然地貌被人为破坏的现状,以0.61 m分辨率的QuickBird 2和5.6m分辨率的IRS-P6卫星遥感数据为信息源,在ENVI和MapGIS软件的支持下,对漓江流经桂林市区段,即兰洲大桥—磨盘山大桥之间约30 km河岸自然地貌遭受人为破坏的现状开展了遥感调查.通过遥感图像处理、分析和人机交互解译,对3种河岸地类(农林用地、建筑用地和自然景观区用地)进行了测量与统计分析,结果表明:2009年漓江两岸农林用地占岸长度为河岸总长度的57.78％,建筑用地占35.95％,自然景观用地仅占6.27％.这说明,随着桂林城市规模的急速扩展,人类活动对漓江自然地貌形态造成了严重破坏,漓江综合治理已经刻不容缓.     

非差HiRIM方法与现有双差网络RTK方法的等价性

对基于非差误差模型的HiRIM方法和现有基于双差误差模型的网络RTK方法进行了理论上的描述和特性上的比较分析,证明了在地面处建模时两类方法的等价性,推导了在地面处与地面上方不同高度处建模时最大差异的精确计算公式,论证了直接利用参考站大地坐标在地面构建区域电离层模型的可行性,并通过山西省CORS网的一组实测数据验证了其有效性。     

从大模型看测绘时空信息智能处理的机遇和挑战

当前,时空信息、定位导航服务已成为重要的新型基础设施,在通用人工智能的驱动下,大模型引领的智能时代已经到来,越来越强大的大模型将在测绘时空信息智能处理与应用中发挥越来越重要的作用。以大模型为研究范式,总结大模型在测绘时空信息智能处理的现状与进展,分析大模型在测绘时空信息智能处理面临的挑战,阐述多模态融合与理解架构设计、提示工程优化微调以及人在回路引导决策3个核心方面在时空信息测绘大模型中的关键作用。针对行业理解深度、数据安全隐患、内容可信度保障以及训练部署成本优化4个方面,展望时空信息测绘大模型面临的挑战与发展趋势。

     

Comparative Study of Approaches to Delineating Built‐Up Areas Using Road Network Data

Delineated built‐up areas may be used for applications such as navigation, database enrichment and the identification of urban sprawl. As more road network data have become available, many studies have considered using road network data to delineate built‐up areas. This study investigated the three existing approaches to delineating built‐up areas on a map: the grid‐based approach, kernel density analysis and an approach based on street blocks. These approaches are evaluated and compared from three angles. First, two measures were proposed to quantitatively evaluate the land area of the delineated built‐up areas; second, a questionnaire was designed to visually compare the representations of the delineated built‐up areas; and, third, the time complexity of using each approach was tested. The three approaches were applied to different sets of road network data for New Zealand; data from buildings and residential areas were used as benchmarks. The results showed that: (1) in a quantitative assessment, both the grid‐based approach and kernel density analysis can usually detect more built‐up areas than the approach based on street blocks; (2) on visual inspection, most of the students who completed the questionnaire performed the representations using the approach based on street blocks; and (3) in time complexity, the approach based on street blocks always takes the least time.     

短波红外CO2反演过程约束研究及初步反演结果

短波红外通道卫星CO2遥感是近年国际研究热点。首先,开展了卫星观测对气溶胶及大气温度的敏感性研究;其次,针对基于最优化理论的非线性迭代反演方法反演过程中的不收敛问题,提出了修正的阻尼牛顿方法(MDNM),并利用模拟数据评估了MDNM方法的有效性;最后,利用GOSAT卫星数据反演CO2的垂直混合比浓度,并与地基TCCON站点数进行比对。研究结果表明:短波近红外CO2卫星遥感受气溶胶散射及温度影响明显;通过地基比对初步验证了MDNM具有良好的精度,两者的相关性R2达到了0.729。