MLP在雷达定量降水估测中的应用

通过临近时次、临近空间降水回波性质相似假设,以人工智能技术结合快速动态分级法(Fast Dynamic Categorical method,FDC)为核心,设计广西区域分钟级雷达定量降水估测产品模型。在单部雷达估测降水时,分两层三次使用感知器寻求合理的降水类型分类Z-I关系,首先将FDC看为一种多分类算法,根据单站雷达各级回波的降水估测结果误差将回波区内的站点分为强站点和弱站点两类,然后分别对这两类站点再次使用FDC建立新的强、弱两类Z-I关系。在多部雷达组网联合估测定量降水时,将各雷达估测值等权重看待,将单部雷达估测作为一个分支,通过连结方式构建一个多层感知器(Multilayer Perceptron,MLP)。无站点回波区采用K近邻算法(K-Nearest Neighbor,KNN)选择合适的MLP求得的Z-I关系估算降水量。对2019年3—10月试验产品进行检验分析,结果表明以区域站组成的训练组小时降水相关系数达0.973 7,以国家级气象台站组成的测试组相关系数达0.825 6。     

基于变化向量分析（CVA）的土地利用／覆盖变化动态监测（Ⅱ）—变化类型的确定方法

以光谱直接比较为基础的变化向量分析法是一种非常有效的土地利用／覆盖变化动态监测方法，在双窗口变步长阈值搜寻方法确定变化和非变化像元的基础上，提出了参考图像分类并结合变化向量方向余弦最小距离分类的变化类型确定方法，同时应用该方法在北京市海淀区进行了实验研究，得到了较为理想的结果。变化类型的判断精度达到70％以上，显示了新方法的优越性和技术可行性。     

Towards a collaborative global land cover information service

ABSTRACT

The need and critical importance of global land cover and change information has been well recognized. Although rich collection of such information has been made available, the lack of necessary information services to support its easy access, analysis and validation makes it difficult to find, evaluate, select and reuse them through well-designed workflows. Aiming at promoting the development of the needed global land cover information services, this paper presents a conceptual framework for developing a Collaborative Global Land Cover Information Service (CoGland), followed by discussions on its implementation strategies. The framework supports connected and shared land cover and change web services around the world to address resource sharing, community service and cross-board collaboration needs. CoGland can benefit several recent international initiatives such as Future Earth, and many societal benefit areas. The paper further proposes that CoGland be developed within the framework of the Group on Earth Observations with the support of a number of key organizations such as the United Nations Expert Committee on Global Geospatial Information Management, the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, and International Society of Digital Earth. It is hoped that this paper can serve as a starting point for further discussions on CoGland developments.     

道路网多特征匹配优化算法

同名道路匹配技术是道路数据集成、更新和融合的重要前提。道路网匹配在智能交通(intelligent transportation system,ITS)与位置服务(location-based service,LBS)等方面具有重要的研究价值和应用意义。本文提出了一种道路网多特征匹配优化算法:首先从形状、距离、语义3方面分别设计了基于面积累积的形状差、综合中值Hausdorff距离和全局加权属性项距离3种相似性度量,以更准确地描述道路待匹配对之间的特征差异;然后通过SVM对相似性特征样本集训练,以构建道路网回归匹配模型;最后利用此模型对未知匹配结果道路待匹配对进行匹配结果预测。大量试验结果表明,本文算法对非线性偏差明显的道路网数据能够实现较高的匹配准确率和召回率,能有效地用于包含多重匹配关系的道路网匹配。     

锯缘青蟹细菌性传染病的病原菌研究

从宁波市青蟹主要养殖海区5－9月间不同症状的病蟹体分离到6株细菌，S9901，S9902，S9903，S9904，S9905和S9906，经感染试验确定S9902、S9903、S9905和S9906均为病原菌；此4株菌革兰氏染色呈阴性，具1根极生鞭毛，氧化酶反应阳性，发酵葡萄糖，不产气，不发酵肌醇，对0／129试剂敏感，为弧菌属种类；经赖氨酸、精氨酸、乌氨酸脱羧酶、蔗糖、甘露醇发酵、6％氯化钠胨水生长、水杨素、枸橼酸盐利用等试验，根据第二代GYZ－9V系统，分别将其归为辛辛那提弧菌、溶藻弧菌和副溶血弧菌。4株菌对氯霉素、环丙沙星和硫酸庆大霉素等抗菌素表现出强敏感性，对诺氟沙星、磺胺甲异恶唑等中度敏感，而对头咆唑啉钠、呋喃唑酮不敏感；中草药五倍子和五味子煎出液对4株菌均 表现出较强的抑菌性能。     

东秦岭东段五垛山花岗岩基白草垛花岗伟晶岩微量元素富集型锆石特征及岩浆热液过程

锆石是岩石中常见的副矿物,锆石晶体结构和地球化学特征的变化可以记录热液蚀变过程。东秦岭东段白草垛花岗伟晶岩中识别出三种类型锆石。类型一锆石具有明显的振荡环带,部分锆石边部有少量裂隙,微量元素含量相对较低,重稀土元素(HREE)富集,具明显Ce的正异常和Eu的负异常,指示其为岩浆锆石。类型二锆石具核-幔-边结构,边部裂隙发育,核部与类型一锆石具有相似的CL和微量元素特征,为岩浆锆石;幔部呈深色海绵状,内部结构不均匀,偶见环带锆石残留,微量元素含量较高,具有较高的U和Th含量,Ce异常不明显,具热液锆石特征,为热液沿着裂隙进入锆石内部不完全热液改造的结果。类型三锆石的结构特征和微量元素含量与类型二锆石的幔部相似,具有异常高U和Th含量以及较高的D_α值,为类型二锆石近完全热液改造的结果。花岗伟晶岩作为岩浆演化晚期的产物,经过结晶分异,残留的岩浆热液富集微量元素,岩浆热液沿着锆石的裂隙进入晶体内部对锆石经过不同程度热液改造,形成了花岗伟晶岩中不同类型的锆石。     

基于事件的疫情应急时空数据模型

针对疫情应急系统在时空数据逻辑性方面的高要求及已有时空数据模型在该方面的不足,本文以事件产生为触发、事件发展为驱动,进行面向对象的时空数据建模研究:建立了城市疫情应急相关时空数据的概念模型、静态结构模型和时态行为模型;并设计Geodatabase实例和组件模型,实现对时空数据模型的面向对象的组织、管理和操作。通过在眉山市疫情监测应急系统中的成功应用表明,基于事件对多关联复杂空间对象群进行的联动操作,实现了时空数据的逻辑耦合。     

崩滑土体坡面运动过程研究现状与展望

崩滑土体坡面运动包括刚性块体整体滑动、崩滑泥流、崩滑破碎3种形态;根据粗颗粒间介质差异,崩滑破碎运动可分为无粘碎屑崩滑运动、粘性碎屑崩滑运动;根据运动过程不同形态,将崩滑破碎运动分为崩滑破碎、粗颗粒与泥浆混合运动、泥石流3个阶段。概述崩滑土体坡面运动过程调查实验研究现状;分析块体滑动摩擦理论、流体理论、散粒体理论在崩滑土体坡面运动过程应用情况,指出块体滑动摩擦理论、流体理论在描述崩滑破碎运动过程的不足;分析崩滑破碎后,间隙介质对粗颗粒运动的影响,指出目前散粒体理论描述崩滑土体坡面运动过程的不足,提出通过设定颗粒间的细观力学参数来再现崩滑土体复杂破碎运动过程的思路和重点研究的内容,为下一步研究提供依据。     

Haze trends over the capital cities of 31 provinces in China, 1981–2005

This paper presents the patterns and trends of haze over 31 provincial capitals in China between 1980 and 2005. The haze measurements were based on human visual range observations at 31 synoptic meteorological stations operated by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The high haze regions were found in largely populated cities such as Chongqing, Beijing, and Shenyang, while the low haze regions were located in the cities with small populations such as Lhasa, Kunming, and Guiyang in southwestern China and Haikou in southern China. The haziness of the 12 cities shows a significantly (95%) decreasing trend, while that of the 13 cities shows a significantly increasing trend over the 25-year study period. The increases are evident in the eastern and southwestern cities in China. It has also been found that there is a decreasing haze trend in winter but an increasing trend in summer for many cities. Nonetheless, the causality for the reduction of aerosol emissions has not been established. This report is the first survey and preliminary analysis done on haze patterns and trends from 1980 to 2005 over the capital cities of 31 provinces in Mainland China.     

MSCT多平面及曲面重组技术在机械性肠梗阻诊断中的应用

目的:探讨MSCT多平面及曲面重组技术在机械性肠梗阻诊断中价值。方法:36例经手术、结肠镜病理证实或临床明确诊断的肠梗阻患者,行腹部MSCT平扫,扫描后进行回顾性0.6mm到1.0mm薄层重建,图像后处理技术包括MPR、CPR、MIP等,观察扩张积气的肠管、移行区和肠系膜,从而判断梗阻部位、梗阻原因及肠管血运状况。结果:粘连性肠梗阻21例,肠道肿瘤7例,炎症性肠梗阻5例,胆石性肠梗阻1例,肠扭转1例,腹外疝1例。正确诊断率为92.00%(32/36)。结论:横断位图像基础上增加MPR、CPR等MSCT图像重组技术,在明确肠梗阻病因、部位及性质等方面有重要临床价值,可以作为肠梗阻诊断的首选检查方法。