Dissolved organic carbon transport in the Qilian mountainous areas of China

The Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) content of rivers is the most significant part of the carbon cycle migration in the basin under consideration, and it is the basis for a comprehensive understanding of the regional carbon cycle. In this study, we periodically collected samples from four monitoring stations in the Xiying River Basin of the Qilian Mountains in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We calculated the fluxes of organic carbon in the rivers within the study area and have discussed the influencing factors of DOC concentration in these rivers. The results showed that: (a) The DOC concentration and transport flux of the Xiying river showed significant seasonal changes. The DOC concentration during summer and autumn was higher than that in winter and spring, and the output flux in summer and autumn accounted for approximately 88.3% of the total annual output. (b) Precipitation runoff has a higher DOC concentration than meltwater runoff. Climate factors, river-water chemical characteristics, and seasonal frozen-soil changes in the river basin have significant effects on the river DOC concentration and transport flux. (c) Larger runoff causes higher DOC concentrations in rivers. Runoff is the primary means of carbon migration in the inland river basin. Carbon migration is significant from the upstream to the middle and downstream sections of the inland river basin.     

Dietary leucine requirement for juvenile large yellow croaker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudosciaena crocea</Emphasis> (Richardson, 1846)

Dietary leucine requirement for juvenile large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson 1846 (initial body weight 6.0 g ± 0.1 g) was determined using dose-response method. Six isonitogenous (crude protein 43%) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g⁻¹) practical diets containing six levels of leucine (Diets 1–6) ranging from 1.23% to 4.80% (dry matter) were made at about 0.7% increment of leucine. Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing leucine with glutamic acid. Triplicate groups of 60 individuals were fed to apparent satiation by hand twice daily (05:00 and 17:30). The water temperature was 26–32°C, salinity 26–30 and dissolved oxygen approximately 7 mg L⁻¹ during the experimental period. Final weight (FW) of large yellow croaker initially increased with increasing level of dietary leucine but then decreased at further higher level of leucine. The highest FW was obtained in fish fed diet with 3.30% Leucine (Diet 4). FW of fish fed the diet with 4.80% Leucine (Diet 6) was significantly lower than those fed Diet 4. However, no significant differences were observed between the other dietary treatments. Feed efficiency (FE) and whole body composition were independent of dietary leucine contents (P > 0.05). The results indicated that leucine was essential for growth of juvenile large yellow croaker. On the basis of FW, the optimum dietary leucine requirement for juvenile large yellow croaker was estimated to be 2.92% of dry matter (6.79% of dietary protein).     

基于语料库的名词单复数失误研究

利用中国学习者英语语料库,结合定量和定性研究方法,对中国英语学习者作文里英语名词单复数失误的现象进行了研究,发现:1)学习者的母语干扰是造成名词单复数失误的主要原因;2)中国学习者名词单复数失误最多的是名词复数形式使用不足;3)名词单复数失误与学习者英语水平相关主要表现在:低水平学习者使用失误的名词多数为常用的简单的名词,水平较高的学习者使用失误的名词多数是较复杂的抽象或物质名词。并探讨了基于语料库的研究对英语教学所带来的启示。     

FY-2C云迹风资料时空分布特征分析

利用统计方法分析我国FY-2C静止卫星红外、水汽通道云迹风资料的数量和误差分布特征,通过分别统计昼夜、不同区域、冬夏季和不同年份的资料分布情况,得到以下主要结论:(1)云迹风资料在白天和黑夜80%以上的可用点资料都集中在200~300 hPa,但白天的资料总个数多于黑夜;误差统计结果表明在资料比较集中层次,昼夜的平均误差、标准误差和均方根误差变化趋势相近。(2)不同区域云迹风资料可用点的数量垂直分布差异不明显,而不可用点的数量分布差异很大;同时发现两个区域的3种误差表现出一定的区域性特征,高原地区的误差整体小于低海拔地区的。(3)冬夏季的统计结果表明云迹风资料在冬、夏季资料总个数及垂直分布变化不同,夏季资料个数多,且主要分布在200~300hPa,而冬季主要分布在100hPa和400hPa;误差统计结果表明夏季误差小、冬季误差大。(4)不同年份的数量统计表明:2005年和2008年的资料个数变化不大,但是IR1资料的数量垂直分布差异很大,而IR3的差异不明显;误差统计结果表明2008年云迹风资料的均方根误差整体比2005年的小。(5)在误差分析中发现,无论IR1资料还是IR3资料都存在一定的平均误差,但标准误差,即随机误差仍是产生均方根误差的主要原因。      

瞬态面波法在滑坡勘察中的应用效果

通过对瞬态面波法的工作原理、野外工作方法、资料整理和成果解释的描述和对应用实例的比较与分析,认为瞬态面波法在滑坡勘察中确定滑坡体的岩土分层、软弱带、滑动面是可行和可靠的。     

应用地理信息系统探测消化道癌症死亡率空间聚集性

根据研究区分村4种消化道癌症死亡监测数据和人口数据,描述癌症死亡率的空间分布规律,探测病例在空间上存在的聚集性热点,为进一步开展环境和人群监测提供参考依据。本研究采用基本的图层Voronoi处理技术以及全局空间自相关和空间热点探测的方法,通过绘制空间自相关系数图,描述不同空间尺度与消化道癌症死亡率自相关系数之间的关系。结合空间探测技术和癌症死亡率分布特点,确定空间探测的合理参数,应用地理信息系统,对消化道癌症在研究区的空间聚集热点进行探测。结果发现,研究区在4300m尺度存在有意义的显著空间正自相关,探测到3个消化道癌症高值聚集区,共58个村,每个聚集区平均人口在3万左右。3个聚集区癌症粗死亡率明显高于非聚集区和该县平均粗死亡率。空间热点的探测与分析,引入空间权重矩阵的概念,弥补传统统计学缺乏空间信息和空间关联的缺陷,为引起消化道癌症高发的危险因素探寻提供线索,是传统统计学的必要补充。     

西淋岗第四系断层探测及活动性评价

利用地质雷达、氡气测量和释光测年方法对珠江三角洲北部西淋岗断裂进行探测并界定了地层年龄。结果表明：在晚更新世期间,西淋岗地区发生了至少2次突发性断裂活动。第一次活动在距今4万a左右,断层上盘地块发生了较大幅度的单边倾倒,造成断层两盘产生了近55 m的断距,形成了第四系内的角度不整合接触;在距今2万a之后,断裂第二次活动,形成了地表所见到的053 m地层错动。此外,断裂上方土壤氡气异常峰值大于背景值3倍,这说明了西淋岗断裂具有活动性和潜在危险性,也改变了珠三角地区断裂为“蠕滑断裂”的认识。     

基于大数据的内涝智能指挥系统研究与应用

鉴于目前的内涝应急管理缺乏足够的预警能力和快速反应能力,基于大数据和物联网监测技术,利用内涝大数据建立内涝风险识别和预警预报模型,通过在线监测设备和路面视频监控实现内涝现场信息的实时感知,构建了包括信息感知、决策支持、应急精细化管理3个层面的城市内涝智能指挥系统,实现了对内涝灾害的动态风险评价和智能指挥决策.