镇江市蛋山大型堆山工程地质问题分析

镇江市蛋山大型堆山工程地基由强风化三叠系泥质灰岩和燕山期闪长玢岩及粉质粘土、软土等岩土层组成,其地基岩土层力学性质相差较大。本文对该堆山工程填土的力学性质和人工山体的稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,填土的最佳含水率和最优干密度分别为18.2%和1.68g/cm3,其强度比原状土低,具有中等压缩性。采用分段进行堆土施工可以较好解决地基不均匀沉降问题。以土层为地基的西侧和南侧其山体边坡稳定性较差,在特殊不利工况下接近临界状态。这一研究对矿山生态环境治理、城市废弃物处理和堆山景观工程均具有示范作用。     

海洋桩基工程中的钙质土

本文在简述钙质土成因和组成的基础上，介绍分析了这种土的物理力学性质，尤其是其受力后变化的特性；说明了钙质土与桩的相互作用特性；对钙质土中导管架平台桩基设计的土工调查及其有关设计参数的选用作了论述     

中国成菱镁矿区带与关键科学问题

我国菱镁矿资源丰富,储量巨大,目前位居世界首位.类型上以晶质菱镁矿为主,便于开发利用.晶质菱镁矿又以沉积变质型为主,集中分布在辽东地区,形成了世界级的大型—超大型菱镁矿集中区和生产基地,其次为成因上与超镁铁质杂岩密切相关的热液交代型和风化残积型,青藏班公湖成矿带可作为我国湖相沉积型菱镁矿找矿的重要靶区.本次在对全国62处菱镁矿矿产地资料系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了全国菱镁矿的成矿规律,进一步划分了菱镁矿的矿床类型,并划分出13个成菱镁矿带,编制了“中国菱镁矿成矿规律图”、“中国菱镁矿成矿体系图”和“中国成菱镁矿带分布图”等图件,为我国菱镁矿资源潜力评价的预测工作提供了理论依据.同时,本文对我国辽东超大型菱镁矿的成因机制问题和菱镁矿中镁的物质来源等关键科学问题展开了探讨.     

青海湖沙柳河流域土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成与土壤贮水量关系北大核心CSCD

氢氧稳定同位素技术和土壤贮水量是探究区域土壤水分特征的有效手段。基于青海湖沙柳河流域土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成(δ2H和δ^(18)O)和土壤贮水量数据,分析其在流域的空间分布特征,探讨土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成和土壤贮水量之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)沙柳河流域土壤水δ^(18)O值从西北向东南呈现富集—贫化—富集的趋势;土壤水d-excess值在流域南部最低,在流域东北部支流上游地区最高。(2)土壤贮水量在流域空间分布上表现为北高南低的趋势。(3)土壤水δ^(18)O值、d-excess值与土壤贮水量间存在分段线性关系。当0—30 cm各土层土壤贮水量≤30 mm时,各土层土壤贮水量与土壤水δ^(18)O值分别显著负相关、与d-excess值显著正相关。青海湖沙柳河流域自然地理环境和植被特征的空间差异导致其土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成和土壤贮水量表现出明显的空间变异性。温度变化对土壤水氢氧稳定同位素组成与土壤贮水量之间的相关性影响是通过其对土壤蒸发作用的影响来实现的。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目WFSD-4孔取心钻进技术

介绍了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目4号孔（WFSD-4）取心钻进施工情况,对破碎和缩径地层的取心钻进工艺和技术措施及其应用效果进行了分析和总结。     

新疆煤中钴的分布、赋存特征及成因分析

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）检测了新疆306个煤样中钴含量,结果表明新疆煤中钴含量均值高于世界煤和中国煤均值,新疆早侏罗世煤中钴含量远高于中侏罗世。统计分析揭示,准东和准南煤田煤中钴主要以无机结合态存在,库拜和伊犁木斯乡煤中钴主要以有机结合态存在,其他新疆煤中钴为有机和无机结合态共存。综合分析认为,新疆煤中钴的分布主要受控于沼泽中地下水位和源区母岩性质的影响。     

Atmospheric Deposition Connected with Marine Primary Production,Nitrogen Cycle: A Review

Atmospheric Deposition (AD) provides external nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) supporting the growth of phytoplankton in oceans and thereby exerts obvious impacts on carbon and nitrogen cycles and climate change associated. Specifically, the external nutrients derived from atmospheric deposition can promote the marine primary production and nitrogen fixation that enhance the ocean capacity in absorbing CO₂; AD may also change a few pathways of carbon and nitrogen cycles in oceans and increase the emissions of biogenic aerosol and radioactive gases such as N₂O, DMS, etc. Due to the underlying important impacts on climate and environmental change, AD and processes related have become the hot topics of multidisciplinary studies in the areas of ocean and atmospheric sciences, and the focus of some international core projects such as Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), an International Study of Marine Biogeochemical Cycles of Trace Elements and Their Isotopes (GEOTRACES) and Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER). With the severe air pollution and high frequencies of Asian dust events, as the downwind areas of big cities and dust sources, the East China Sea and adjacent North Pacific have received increasing influences of AD. Limited studies showed that the increase of AD indeed caused significant influence on carbon and nitrogen cycles in these immediately related oceanic areas and the study there would have a signature effect on global oceans. A multidisciplinary study on the impacts of AD in oceans, e.g., combing molecular biology and experimental ecology techniques to study primary production processes, utilizing isotopic techniques to trace the change of the nitrogen cycle, new evidences of ocean-biogenic aerosol emissions, etc. would be the focus in the future.     

Survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Jiaxing city, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrated PAH (NPAH) products are toxic. Thus, determination of their concentrations is of great interest to researchers of soil and water pollution control. In this work, soil samples, surface water samples, and groundwater samples were collected, and the concentrations of 16 priority PAHs and 15 NPAHs were determined using an HPLC-ultraviolet detector. Results showed that the total PAH concentrations ranged within 489.69–1,670.11 ng/g (average = 905.89 ng/g) in soil samples, 4.00–23.4 μg/l (average = 9.84 μg/l) in surface water samples, and 2.14–22.3 μg/l (average = 8.37 μg/l) in groundwater samples. The NPAH concentrations were one to two orders of magnitude lower than the PAH concentrations and ranged within 22.72–128.70 ng/g (average = 63.88 ng/g) in soil samples. 2-Nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene were the most abundant compounds, accounting for about 14.3 and 26.5 %, respectively. Source analysis revealed that most PAHs originated from coal combustion around the study area, whereas NPAH studies suggested that the primary emission of gasoline engines and daytime OH reactions were the dominant sources of these compounds.     

新疆准东煤田东部层序地层学及聚煤规律研究

首次以准东煤田东部煤矿勘查区为主要研究对象,以钻井岩心描述资料、地震和测井资料为基础,运用层序地层学、煤田地质学和沉积学等相关理论和技术方法,建立了准东煤田东部层序地层格架,重点研究了中侏罗统西山窑组层序地层特征,探讨了聚煤作用和聚煤规律.研究区内侏罗系可划分为两个二级层序和6个三级层序,西山窑组可划分为一个完整的三级层序,6个准层序组(4级)和19个准层序(5级).层序地层研究表明,西山窑组可采煤层主要发育于湖扩体系域(TST)末期和高位体系域(HST)早期,该时期较快的可容纳空间增加速率和较快的泥碳堆积速率间相平衡,有利于厚煤层的聚集.     

海螺沟现代冰碛物中的宇生核素10Be浓度分析

尽管许多学者都意识到继承性宇生核素对冰碛物暴露年代测量可能会带来一定的误差,然而影响究竟有多大,还缺乏对现代冰碛物宇生核素浓度的研究.对采自贡嘎山海螺沟冰川现代冰碛物碎屑和冰碛砾石的本地生宇生核素10Be.浓度的分析表明.即使是海洋性冰川(暖底冰川),其冰碛物碎屑和冰碛砾石都残留一定量的本地生宇生核素;即使是具有明显磨蚀痕迹的现代冰碛砾石表面,也残留一定最的本地生宇生核素.因此,进行宇生核素测年时要给予充分的重视.当然,其冰碛物基质和具有明显磨蚀痕迹的现代冰碛砾石表面的本地生宇生核素10Be浓度比较低,一般不大于2×104atoms/g.对暴露年代的影响一般不大于0.61ka.尽管其适用范围还有待于更多的研究结果的进一步证实,但是却为残留影响的研究提供了一个研究的实例和一组可以参考的数据.